• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.99-102
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• 2000

There has been a steady increase in contaminated ground at municipal and industrial site. In this study, investigation and analysis on soil contamination at industrial site was carried out. Testing contaminated soils were sampled at this site. As a result of this study, the concentration of soil was investigated, and measured concentration was compared with related concentration criteria.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.85-88
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• 2001

Since mountainous area has access restrictions for field work, assessors need to establish a conceptual model of the contamination prior to the field investigation. In this study we established a conceptual model of the contamination based on site inspection and geological survey, followed by the field investigation for the petroleum spill site. In the conceptual model, we estimated that tile contamination should have spread by groundwater and topographical characteristics within the top soil layer. The spread of contamination through rock was not considered in the conceptual model due to impermeable characteristics of metasyenite. The contaminated environmental media of the petroleum spill site include soil and groundwater. According to the analysis result of the contamination, the volume of contaminated soil is estimated approximately 4, 150 cubic meters (7, 055 ton) with most contaminants existing along the groundwater flow within top soil layer.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2006년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.11-15
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• 2006

Attempts were made to increase an efficiency of soil contamination investigation systems (SCISs) including Soil Network and Special Soil Contamination Management Facility Sites in Korea. In order to increase low efficiencies resulting from inappropriate SCISs, possible policy suggestions are driven based on the results from problem findings of Korean policy and comparisons of policies on industrialized countries including United States, United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands and Japan. First, functions of Soil Environment Conservation Act (SECA) on liability should be updated and reinforced to initiate a soil contamination investigation process for stakeholders including an owner(s) or a responsible party(ies) of the potentially soil contamination sites positively. Second, appropriate SCISs should be emerged for implementing the Soil Network and Special Soil Contamination Management Facility Sites properly. Stakeholders for the potentially contaminated sites should easily access and raise the soil contamination issues, and soil contamination investigation implemented by liable and profit environment (consulting) companies should be encouraged. Third, the soil contamination reporting system of SECA needs to change legally responsible. Further more, public announcement system showing soil quality of a site which exceeds a certain scale would be considerable. Fourth, liable environment (consulting) companies should legally execute Soil Environment Assessment of SECA.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2008

For a given soil-contaminated site, a level of soil contamination is characterized and decisions on risk may be made from the risk assessment. The study evaluated critical design factors for the determination of sample size in the sampling design plan and the assessment of soil contaminant- leaching to groundwater. Two variables, the minimum relative detectable difference (T) and coefficient of variation (CV) were evaluated for the sample size determination. The minimum number of samples can be appropriately determined by CV under a T value greater than or equal to 0.2. Soil-contaminant leaching to groundwater was evaluated by using the Soil Screening Level equation of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Risk Based Screening Level equation of American Society for Testing and Materials, with the same input parameters. The groundwater concentrations estimated from soil contaminant concentrations were significantly affected by the Darcy velocity of groundwater and the organic content of soil.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.39-67
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• 2005

토양오염에 관련된 토양환경보전법의 주요 용어인 토양, 토양오염, 토양오염부지, 정화에 대해 미국, 영국, 네덜란드, 독일, 덴마크의 주요 법에서 나타난 용어와 비교 분석하였다. 토양오염에 관련된 주요 용어의 정의는 국가별로 내용과 수준이 다르다. 이는 각국에서의 토양오염이 실태가 다르고 또한 사회적 문제에서 이들이 차지하는 비중이 동일하지 않으며, 국가별로 토양오염을 방지하고 토양오염의 위해성을 저감하기 위한 이들 국가들의 법과 사회의 발전 배경, 추구하는 토양환경보전정책의 목표와 접근방법이 같지 아니하기 때문일 것이다. 우리나라의 실정과 외국의 관련법, 이들 법의 마련 배경 등을 종합적으로 고려할 때, 토양환경보전법에서 다루는 토양의 정의는 신설되어야 할 것이고, 토양의 정의에는 토양화 과정을 거쳐 생성된 자연적인 지표층을 포함하고 지하수와 하수층을 제외하는 토양의 범위가 제시되는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 토양오염의 정의에는 위해성 평가의 개념(토양오염물질, 경로, 수용체), 토지 이용, 경제적 개념, 토양오염의 인정한계가 포함되어야 할 것이다. 토양오염의 발생주체에 따라 대상 부지의 토양오염여부가 결정될 수 있는 토양환경보전법 제2조 제1호는 대상 부지의 위해성에 의해서 토양오염여부가 결정되는 내용으로 변경해야 할 것이다. 토양오염부지의 정의는 i) 토양오염물질 등을 포함한 토양오염, ii) 위해성에 근거한 토양오염부지의 설정, iii) 토지 이용, iv) 토양오염부지 설정의 한계에 관한 개념을 적절하게 혼합하여 마련할 수 있을 것이다. 토양오염지역 정화의 정의에는 정화의 목표, 목적, 행위, 방법과 범위, 정화의 한계가 포함되어야 할 것이다. 금번 연구에서 제안하고 있는 용어의 정의는 우리 나라 토양오염지역의 조사, 복원, 해제에 관한 법, 제도의 효율성을 제고할 것이다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2013

It is well known that uncertainty associated with soil sampling is bigger than that with analysis. In this research, uncertainties for soil sampling when assessing TPH and BTEX concentration in soils were quantified based on actual field data. It is almost impossible to assess exact contamination of the site regardless how carefully devised for sampling. Uncertainties associated with sample reduction for further chemical analysis were quantified approximately 10 times larger than those associated with core sampling on site. Bigger uncertainties occur when contamination level is low, sample quantity is small, and soil particle is coarse. To minimize the uncertainties on field, homogenization of soil sample is necessary and its procedures are proposed in this research as well.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.415-418
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• 2000

There has been a steady increase in geoenvironmental engineering projects where geotechnical engineering has been combined with environmental concerns. Many of these projects involve some investigation on contaminant around unplaned waste landfill. In this study, investigation and test on contamination characteristics of wastes dumped at municipal site were carried out. Testing wastes were sampled at this site. Sampled wastes were divided into waste itself and soil to analysis the characteristics of waste and soil. As a result of this study, the concentration of soil and waste were investigated. And measured concentration were compared with related concentration criteria.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.54-62
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• 2018

This paper is aimed at source tracking of soil heavy metal contamination at a site established by reusing construction wastes. The soil heavy metal concentration at the study site peaked at a depth range of 5-10 m. Column studies were conducted to investigate the possibility of the contamination scenario of infiltration of stormwater carrying heavy metals of ground origin followed by selective heavy metal accumulation at the 5-10 m depth range. Almost all amount of lead, zinc, cadmium, and nickel introduced to the columns each packed with 0-5 m or 5-10 m field soil were accumulated in the column. The very poor heavy metal mobility in spite of the weak association of the heavy metals with the soil (characterized by a sequential extraction procedure) can be attributed to the high pH (10-11) of the construction wastes. From the results, the heavy metal contamination of the subsurface soil by an external heavy metal source was determined to be very unlikely at the study site. The column study applied in the current study is expected to be a useful methodology to present direct evidence of the contaminant source tracking at soil contamination sites.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2014

Uncertainty associated with a sampling method is very high in evaluating the degree of site contamination; therefore, such uncertainty affects the reliability of precise investigation and remediation verification. In particular, in evaluating a site for a small-sized filling station, underground utilities, such as connection pipes and oil storage tanks, make grid-unit sampling impossible and the resulting increase in uncertainty is inevitable. Accordingly, this study quantified the uncertainty related to the evaluation of the degree of contamination by total petroleum hydrocarbon and by benzene, toluene, ethylene, and xylene. When planning a grid aimed at detecting a hot spot, major factors that influence the increase in uncertainty include grid interval and the size and shape of the hot spot. The current guideline for soil sampling prescribes that the grid interval increase in proportion to the area of the evaluated site, but this heightens the possibility that a hot spot will not be detected. In evaluating a site, therefore, it is crucial to estimate the size and shape of the hot spot in advance and to establish a sampling plan considering a diversity of scenarios.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2004

To utilize a closed municipal solid waste landfill site in environmentally secure conditions, it is necessary to verify the stabilization level of landfill leachate. To assess leachate stabilization of an open-dumping municipal solid waste landfill (Noeun Landfill) which is located at the upper drainage basin of Namhan River which flows into Lake Paldang utilized for Seoul Metropolitan water supplies, the surrounding characteristics of the landfill site was surveyed. After then, leachate, groundwater and soil samples from this landfill were chemically analyzed, and the analysis results were evaluated by "The Criteria of Landfill Waste Stabilization(CLWS)", "Discharge Criteria of Landfill Leachate", "The Criteria of Domestic Use in Groundwater Quality", and "Soil Contamination Criteria" promulgated by Korean Ministry of Environment. The closed open-dumping landfill was equipped with the final soil cover, 3 groundwater monitoring wells and poor landfill gas extraction devices for the post-closure management of the landfill. BOD/CODcr ratios in leachate were less than or slightly higher than 1/10. This results seemed to imply that the leachate stabilization level of this landfill based on the CLWS was almost completed. Qualities of groundwater sampled from monitoring wells located at outside of landfill were adequate for "The Criteria of Domestic Use in Groundwater Quality". Finally, concentrations of soil contaminants that were likely to be influenced by this landfill site were adequate to "Soil Contamination Criteria".