• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.253-259
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• 2005

Mine is quickly decline, Nowadays, many of abandoned and closed mines. AMD is abandoned surface water by accumulated yellowboy and caused environmental pollution by amount of heavy metals. The aim of this study waste lime was mixed with the sediment to produce an aggregate far the purpose of neutralizing the acidity and stabilization the heavy metal in the aggregate structure .to pozzolan effect. The result of Waste lime and sediment mixed(5%, 10%, 20%)ration by curing days(3, 7, 38days), After 28 curing days as 5% mixed waste lime leaching solution concentration of all heavy metals is satisfied with regulation limit. Also, the result of fractionate heavy metals to stabilization as 28 curing days very decrease exchangeable and reducible type, and then increase carbonate type. With the above results, waste lime the most effective for the sediment treatment and useful for the recycling waste resource.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 1990

This study was carried out to search for growth and quality -of turfgrass by Nitrogen source (Urea Ammonium sulphate) and organic matter, and to obtain methods of pr6per turfgrass management by the results. This experiment was conducted in turf field from 1988 to 1989. The results of this experiment was summarized as follows; 1.Without application of organic matter, turfgrass growth between urea and ammonium sulphate was not significant, however ammonium sulphate resulted in superior to urea in total dry weight when organic matter was applied. 2.The addition of organic matter showed significant effect on color rating and visible quality, and ammonium sulphate was higher quality than urea. 3.Shoot density increased, particularly in ammonium sulphate treatment, when organic matter was applied. 4.Rhizome and stolon were shown significant effect in urea treatment by the application of organic matter. 5.Surface soil pH was allowed to become slightly acid by the ammonium sulphate treatments, but soil acidity remained mostly unaffected when organic matter was supplied. 6.Total nitrogen of log tissue and organic matter content increased when organic matter w-as applied.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 1981

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 한국삼림토양(韓國森林土壤)의 특성(特性)을 파악(把握)하여 그 합리적(合理的) 이용(利用) 및 관리방법(管理方法)을 제공(提供)하기 위하여 실시되었다. 1979년(年) 까지 조사발표(調査發表)된 375개(個) 토양통(土壤統) 중(中)에서 93개통(個統)에 달하는 삼림토양(森林土壤)에 대해서 각종토양특성(各種土壤特性)이 비교분석(比較分析)되었다. 첫째로 이상(以上)의 자료(資料)를 풍화모재별(風化母材別)로 구분(區分)해서 비교평가(比較評價)하였고, 둘째로 다시 모암별(母岩別)로 구분(區分)해서 비교분석(比較分析)하여 본 결과 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1) 풍화모재별(風化母材別) 토양특성(土壤特性)을 보면 화산회토(火山灰土)가 가장 비옥(肥沃)한 토양(土壤)으로 사료(思料)되며 충적토(沖積土)가 가장 척박(瘠薄)한 토양(土壤)으로 나타난다. 산악잔적토(山岳殘積土)는 전토심(全土深)만 매우 얕은것을 제외하면 대부분(大部分)이 평균수준(平均水準)에 있다. 2) 화성암(火成岩)(Igneous rock)에서 생산(生産)된 토양(土壤)은 토심(土深)이 깊고 유기물함량(有機物含量) 및 유효인산함량(有效燐酸含量)이 풍부하고 강산성(强酸性)으로 비옥도(肥沃度)는 낮은 편이다. 반면(反面) 퇴적암(堆積岩)(Sedimentary rock) 토양(土壤)은 토심(土深)이 얕고 유기물(有機物) 및 유효인산(有效燐酸) 함량(含量)은 낮으나 약산성(約酸性)으로 비교적(比較的) 비옥(肥沃)하다. 3) 화성암중(火成岩中) 현무암(玄武岩)(Basalt)과 조면암(粗面岩)(Trachyte)은 매우 비옥(肥沃)한 토양(土壤)을 생성(生成)하나 화강암(花崗岩)(Granite)과 안산암(安山岩)(Andesite)은 약간 척박(瘠薄)한 토양(土壤)을 생성(生成)한다. 4) 퇴적암중(堆積岩中) 석회암(石灰岩)(Limestone)은 중성(中性)의 비옥(肥沃)한 토양(土壤)을 생성(生成)하나 유효인산함량(有效燐酸含量)은 매우 적다. 사암(砂岩)(Sand-stone)류(類)는 토심(土深)이 얕으나 기타 성질들은 평균적(平均的)인 수준(水準)을 유지하는 토양(土壤)을 생성(生成)한다. 5) 화강편마암(花崗片麻岩)(Granite gneiss)류(類)는 유기물(有機物) 및 유효인산함량(有效燐酸含量)은 평균수준(平均水準)이나 비교적(比較的) 척박(瘠薄)한 토양(土壤)을 생성(生成)한다. 6) 충적사토(沖積砂土)(Alluvial sand)는 경작지(耕作地) 충적토(沖積土)와는 대조적으로 토심(土深)이 깊은것 외에는 일반적으로 척박(瘠薄)한 토양(土壤)을 생성(生成)한다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제97권3호
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• pp.204-214
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• 2008

본 연구는 인공산성비 처리가 백합나무 묘목의 생장에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. pH 수준을 5.6, 4.9, 3.9, 2.9로 구분하고 묘목에 처리한 후, 지상부와 지하부의 부위별 건중량, 줄기의 길이생장, 토심별 뿌리생장을 조사하여 인공산성비 처리에 따른 백합나무 묘목의 생장반응을 살펴보고자 하였다. 지상부의 총건중량은 인공산성비 처리와 토양 종류별로 1% 또는 5% 수준에서 유의차가 인정되었으며, 세 가지 토양에서 모두 인공산성비의 산도가 증가함에 따라 지상부의 건중량이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 지하부의 총건중량은 세 가지 토양에서 모두 인공산성비 처리 간 유의차가 인정되었으며, 토양종류에 대해서는 pH 2.9 처리구에서만 유의차가 있었다. 또한, 토양 A와 토양 C에서 pH 수준이 낮아짐에 따라 지하부 건중량이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 줄기생장률은 6월-8월까지 인공산성비 처리(p<0.01)와 토양 종류 간(p<0.01 또는 p<0.05) 유의차가 인정되었으며, 세 가지 토양에서 모두 6월에 줄기생장이 큰 폭으로 생장하였다. 또한 pH 3.9 와 pH 4.9 처리구에서는 생장이 오히려 촉진되기도 하였으며, pH 2.9 수준에서는 생장이 억제되었다. 토심 0-7cm와 7-14cm에서의 세근과 미세근량은 pH 수준 간 유의차가 인정되었으나, 토심 14-21cm 에서의 세근량은 pH 수준별 처리에 대한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 토양의 종류는 전반적으로 미세근에 대해서만 통계적 유의차가 나타났다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.231-245
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• 2010

The the purpose of this study was to analyze of the vegetation structure and phytosociological changes in the area adjacent to GeumJeong Mountain Fortress for fifteen years. The result of this study was as follows; Of the 8 quadrates, site of the North Gate 2 was having a highest in the number of extinct trees, 15 kinds. This is probably due to trampling effect caused by climbers' steps. Site of the West Gate 1 and South gate 1 each had 8 kinds of extinct trees, respectively. The number of newly appeared trees was highest at site of the North Gate 1, (8 kinds) followed by the sites of South gate 1 and South gate 2, respectively (5 kinds). The highest decrease in number of tree species was observed in North Gate 1, therefore, there is a strong relationship between vegetation diversity and the number of users of the available spaces. In order to revitalize the unstable vegetation structure of the Area Adjacent to GeumJeong Mountain Fortress, Robinia pseudo-acacia has to be well maintained in the shrub tree layer, and vines, such as Smilax china, Humulus japonicus, and Pueraria thungergiana, should be removed. To recover natural vegetation, dead leaf layer should be protected, and more shrub trees need to be planted. In the understory and shrub tree layer, multi layer tree planting is highly recommended to recover natural vegetation and increase tree diversity. In order to improve bad soil condition caused by trampling effect of recreational users, special treatments to the soil structure are required, such as mulching and raking soil. Also, depending on its soil damage from users trampling, the areas in the park should be divided into usable areas and user limited areas by the sabbatical year system. To improve the soil acidity due to acidic rain, soil buffering ability should be improved by activating microorganisms in the soil by using lime and organic material.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2015

Background: In Changbai Mountains, Panax ginseng (ginseng) was cultivated in a mixture of the humus and albic horizons of albic luvisol in a raised garden with plastic shade. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ginseng planting on soil characteristics. Methods: The mixed-bed soils were seasonally collected at intervals of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and 10-15 cm for different-aged ginsengs. Soil physico-chemical characteristics were studied using general methods. Aluminum was extracted from the soil solids with $NH_4Cl $(exchangeable Al) and Na-pyrophosphate (organic Al) and was measured with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: A remarkable decrease in the pH, concentrations of exchangeable calcium, $NH_4^+$, total organic carbon (TOC), and organic Al, as well as a pronounced increase in the bulk density were observed in the different-aged ginseng soils from one spring to the next. The decrease in pH in the ginseng soils was positively correlated with the $NH_4^+$ (r=0.463, p<0.01), exchangeable calcium (r=0.325, p<0.01) and TOC (r= 0.292, p < 0.05) concentrations. The $NO_3^-$ showed remarkable surface accumulation (0-5 cm) in the summer and even more in the autumn but declined considerably the next spring. The exchangeable Al fluctuated from $0.10mg\;g^{-1}$ to $0.50mg\;g^{-1}$ for dry soils, which was positively correlated with the $NO_3^-$ (r=0.401, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the TOC (r=-0.329, p < 0.05). The Al saturation varied from 10% to 41% and was higher in the summer and autumn, especially in the 0-5 cmand 5-10 cm layers. Conclusion: Taken together, our study revealed a seasonal shift in soil characteristics in ginseng beds with plastic shade.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.341-349
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• 1987

7종(種)의 식물성(植物性) 유기물(有機物)을 부숙(腐熟)시키면서 경시적(經時的)으로 시료(試料)를 채취(採取)한 후 Fulv산(酸)을 추출정제(抽出精製)하여 IR spectrum의 특성(特性)과 산소함유작용기(酸素含有作用基)의 함량(含量)을 정량(定量)하여 얻은 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 식물체(植物體)의 종류(種類)와 부숙기간(腐熟期間)이 상이(相異)한 시료(試料)에서 추출(抽出)한 Fulv산(酸)의 IR spectrum은 큰 차이(差異)가 없었다. 2. 산소함유작용기(酸素含有作用基) 즉(卽) Carboxyl 기(基), Phenol 기(基), Alcohol 기(基), Carbonyl 기(基), 그리고 Quiuone기(基) 등(等)이 IR spectrum 상(上)에 나타났으며 화학분석결과(化學分析結果)에도 검출(檢出)되었다. 3. Fulv산중(酸中) Total Acidity와 Carboxyl 기(基)의 함량간(含量間)에는 유의상관(有意相關)이 있었다. 4. Alcoholic hydroxyl 기(基)가 Phenolic hydroxyl 기(基)보다 훨씬 많았다. 5. Fulv산(酸) 구조(構造)의 주요부분(主要部分)은 화학적(化學的)인 특성상(特性上)으로 볼때 여러면에서 Aliphatic 성(性)이 매우 강(强)했다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1992

인위적으로 산도를 조절한 인공산성우처리가 4수종의 종자발아와 생장, 잎의 피해, 묘목생장에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자, 혼합토양을 채운 pot에 종자를 파종하고, 황산을 지하수로 묽힌 pH 3.0, 4.0 및 5.0의 인공산성우를 처리하면서 종자발아율, 엽피해율, 토양산도 및 묘목생장을 측정하여 처리간 비교분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 곰솔은 PH 4.0 처리구에서, 독일가문비는 pH 3.0 처리구에서 각각 발아 및 득묘율이 가장 높았고, 소나무와 젓나무에서는 처리간 유의차가 없었다. 2. 묘고생장에 있어서 모든 수종에서 처리간통계적 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 3. 개체당 건중량에서 소나무에서는 처리간 통계적 유의차가 인정되었으나, 곰솔에서는 통계적 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 4. 처리산성우의 pH값이 작아질수로 피해엽수 및 피해개체수가 증가하는 경향이었다. 5. 토양산도는 대체로 모든 수종에서 처리간 통계적 유의차가 인정되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to monitor the changes in soil solution nutrients and to evaluate their effect on rice uptake and yield. The changes of chemical characteristics of paddy soil solution were examined from the 58th fertilization experiment in which the continuous rice cropping experiment started in 1954 at the National Academy of Agricultural Science. The treatments were no fertilization (No fert.), inorganic fertilization (NPK), inorganic fertilizer plus rice straw compost (NPKC) and inorganic fertilizer plus silicate and lime fertilizer as a soil amendment (NPKCLS). The fertilizers were added at rates of standard fertilizer application rate in which nitrogen (N), phosphate ($P_2O_5$), potassium ($K_2O$), and sililcate ($SiO_2$) were applied at rates of $75{\sim}150kg\;ha^{-1}$, $70{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, $75{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, and $7.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ respectively and lime was applied to neutralize soil acidity until 6.5. Average Electrical Conductivity (EC) of soil solution in NPKCLS and NPKC ranged from 1.16 to $2.00dS\;m^{-1}$. The $NH{_4}^+$ and $K^+$ levels in NPKCLS and NPKC were higher than that of the other treatments, due to high supply power of rice straw compost. The content of $H_3SiO{_4}^-$ was higher in NPKCLS because of silicate application. The dominant ions in soil solution were $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $Na^+$ among cations and $HCO{_3}^-$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, and $Cl^-$ among anions in all treatments. The continuous application of inorganic fertilizers plus rice straw compost (NPKC) and silicate fertilizer (NPKCLS) led to the changes of various chemical composition in soil solutions. Also, they had a significant impact on the improvement of rice inorganic uptake and grain yield. Especially, inorganic uptake by rice in NPKC and NPKCLS significantly increased than those in NPK plot; 14~46% for T-N, 32~36% for P, 43~57% for K, and 45~77% for Si. Therefore, the combined application of inorganic fertilizers with organic compost as a soil amendment is considered as the best fertilization practice in the continuous rice cropping for the improvement of crop productivity and soil fertility.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 1998

To clarify the effects of acid precipitates on histological damage, water status, and growth of Pinus densiflora green house experiment applyin simulated acid rain was carried out. Contact angle of water droplet on needles of P. densiflora seedlings treated with simulated acid rain of different pHs simulated acid rain was, the more rapid transpiration was. Leaf water potential after water withdrawal was also reduced rapidly in proportion to acidity of simulated acid rain. Height growth of P. densiflora seedlings treated with simulated acid rain of pH 2 decreased, while growth of seedlings treated with that of pH 3 and 4 increased comparing with that treated with normal rain of pH 5.6. pH of cultivated soil in pH 2 plot was acidified with the amount of simulated acid rain applied but that in pH 3 and 4 plots did not show any directional change. From those results, it could be interpreted that decrease of height growth in pH 2 plot was originated from multiple effects of water deficit from rapid transpiration and soil acidification. On the other hand, increased of height growth in pH 3 and 4 plots would be originated from the supply of N and S included in simulated acid rain.