• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.6 no.8
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• pp.343-352
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• 2017

IEC62541, known as OPC-UA, is a standard communication protocol for Smart Grid (SG) and Smart Factory application platform. It was accepted as an IEC standard (IEC62541) in 2011 by IEC TC57, and is extending range of application as collaborating with other standrads. The government's policies to popularize EVs ("Workplace Charging Challenge"), the number of Electric vehicle which try to be charging in the factory is expected to increase. In this situation, indiscreet and uncontrolled EV charging can lead to some problems, such as excess of the peak demand capacity. Therefore, EVs, which is charging in SFs, must be monitoring and controlling to avoid and reduce peak demand. However, the standards for EVs charging differ from the standards for SFs. In other words, to increase the ease of use for drivers, and reduce risk for enterprise, we have needs of study to develop the protocols or to provide interoperability, for EVs charging in SFs. This paper deals with a EV charging management platform installing in a smart factory. And this platform can be easily integrated as part of SF management software. The main goal of this paper is to implement EV management system based on IEC61851 and IEC62541.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.2
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• pp.271-284
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• 2008

Self-healing is an approach to evaluating constraints defined in target system and to applying an appropriate strategy when violating he constrains. Today, the computing environment is very complex, so researches that endow a system with the self-healing's ability that recognizes problem arising in a target system are being an important issues. However, most of the existing researches are that self-healing developers need much effort and time to analyze and model constraints. Thus, this paper proposes an automated approach to determine problem arising in external and internal system environment. The approach proposes: 1) Specifying the target system through the models created in design phase of target system. 2) Automatically creating constraints for external and internal system environment, by using the specified contents. 3) Deriving a dependency model of a component based on the created internal state rule. 4) Translating the constraints and dependency model into code evaluating behaviors of the target system, and determinating problem level. 5) Monitoring an internal and external status of system based on the level of problem determination, and applying self-healing strategy when detecting abnormal state caused in the target system. Through these, we can reduce the efforts of self-healing developers to analyze target system, and heal rapidly not only abnormal behavior of target system regarding external and internal problem, but also failure such as system break down into normal state. To evaluate the proposed approach, through video conference system, we verify an effectiveness of our approach by comparing proposed approach's self-healing activities with those of the existing approach.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.457-464
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• 2019

The weight of pig is one of the main factors in determining the health and growth state of pigs, their shipment, the breeding environment, and the ration of feed, and thus measuring the pig's weight is an important issue in productivity perspective. In order to estimate the pig's weight by using the number of pig's pixels from images, acquired from a Top-view camera, the posture determining and the head removal from images are necessary to measure the accurate number of pixels. In this research, we propose the fast and accurate method to determine the pig's posture by using a fast image processing technique, find the head location by using a fast deep learning technique, and remove pig's head by using light weighted image processing technique. First, we determine the pig's posture by comparing the length from the center of the pig's body to the outline of the pig in the binary image. Then, we train the location of pig's head, body, and hip in images using YOLO(one of the fast deep learning based object detector), and then we obtain the location of pig's head and remove an outside area of head by using head location. Finally, we find the boundary of head and body by using Convex-hull, and we remove pig's head. In the Experiment result, we confirmed that the pig's posture was determined with an accuracy of 0.98 and a processing speed of 250.00fps, and the pig's head was removed with an accuracy of 0.96 and a processing speed of 48.97fps.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.8
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• pp.2534-2546
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• 2021

Nuclear emergency preparedness and response is an essential part to ensure the safety of nuclear power plant (NPP). Key support technologies of nuclear emergency decision-making usually consist of accident diagnosis, source term estimation, accident consequence assessment, and protective action recommendation. Source term estimation is almost the most difficult part among them. For example, bad communication, incomplete information, as well as complicated accident scenario make it hard to determine the reactor status and estimate the source term timely in the Fukushima accident. Subsequently, it leads to the hard decision on how to take appropriate emergency response actions. Hence, this paper aims to develop a method for rapid source term estimation to support nuclear emergency decision making in pressurized water reactor NPP. The method aims to make our knowledge on NPP provide better support nuclear emergency. Firstly, this paper studies how to build a Bayesian network model for the NPP based on professional knowledge and engineering knowledge. This paper presents a method transforming the PRA model (event trees and fault trees) into a corresponding Bayesian network model. To solve the problem that some physical phenomena which are modeled as pivotal events in level 2 PRA, cannot find sensors associated directly with their occurrence, a weighted assignment approach based on expert assessment is proposed in this paper. Secondly, the monitoring data of NPP are provided to the Bayesian network model, the real-time status of pivotal events and initiating events can be determined based on the junction tree algorithm. Thirdly, since PRA knowledge can link the accident sequences to the possible release categories, the proposed method is capable to find the most likely release category for the candidate accidents scenarios, namely the source term. The probabilities of possible accident sequences and the source term are calculated. Finally, the prototype software is checked against several sets of accident scenario data which are generated by the simulator of AP1000-NPP, including large loss of coolant accident, loss of main feedwater, main steam line break, and steam generator tube rupture. The results show that the proposed method for rapid source term estimation under nuclear emergency decision making is promising.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.27-38
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• 2021

We devised the system to automatically shutdown the boiler and to fundamentally block the harmful gases, including carbon monoxide, into the indoor when the exhaust system swerves: (1) The discharge pressure of the exhaust gas decreases when the exhaust pipe is disconnected. The monitoring system of the exhaust pipe is implemented by measuring the output voltage of APS(Air Pressure Sensor) installed to control the amount of combustion air. (2) The operating software was modified so that when the system recognizes the fault condition of a flue pipe, the boiler control unit displays the fault status on the indoor regulator while shutting down the boiler. In accordance with the ventilation facility standards in the "Rules for Building Equipment Standards" by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, experiments were conducted to ventilate indoor air. When carbon monoxide leaked in worst-case scenario, it was possible to prevent poisoning accidents. However, since 2013, the number of indoor air exchange times has been mitigated from 0.7 to 0.5 times per hour. We observed the concentration exceeding TWA 30 ppm occasionally and thus recommend to reinforce this criterion. In conclusion, if the flue pipe fault detection and the indoor air ventilation system are introduced, carbon monoxide poisoning accidents are expected to decrease significantly. Also when the manufacturing and inspection steps, the correct installation and repair are supplemented with the user's attention in missing flue, it will be served to prevent human casualties from carbon monoxide poisoning.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.77-83
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• 2019

With the increase in population, the number of such senior citizens is increasing day by day. These senior citizens have a variety of care needs, but there are not enough health workers to look after them. Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) aims at ensuring the safety and health quality of the older adults and extending the number of years the senior citizens can live independently in an environment of their own preference. AAL provides a system comprising of smart devices, medical sensors, wireless networks, computer and software applications for healthcare monitoring. AAL can be used for various purposes like preventing, curing, and improving wellness and health conditions of older adults. While information security and privacy are critical to providing assurance that users of AAL systems are protected, few studies take into account this feature. In this paper, we propose a secure and lightweight authentication scheme for the AAL systems. The proposed authentication scheme not only supports several important security requirements needed by the AAL systems, but can also withstand various types of attacks. Also, the security analysis results are presented to show the proposed authentication scheme is more secure and efficient rather than existing authentication schemes.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.234-252
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• 2020

This paper is to verify the effectiveness of 'Hybrid Disaster Management Strategy' that integrates 'RTM(Real-time Monitoring) based On-line' and 'UAV based Off-line' system. For landslide prone area where sensors were installed, the conventional way of risk management so far has entirely relied on RTM data collected from the field through the instrumentation devices. But it's not enough due to the limitation of'Pin-point sensor'which tend to provide with only the localized information where sensors have stayed fixed. It lacks, therefore, the whole picture to be grasped. In this paper, utilizing 'Digital Photogrammetry Software Pix4D', the possibility of inference for the deformation of ungauged area has been reviewed. For this purpose, actual measurement data from RTM were compared with the estimated value from 3D point cloud outcome by UAV, and the consequent results has shown very accurate in terms of RMSE.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.400-414
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• 2021

Under high-level radioactive waste repository conditions, bentonite as an engineered barrier material undergoes thermal, hydrological, mechanical, and chemical processes. We report the applications of X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) imaging technique on the characterization and analysis of bentonite over the past decade to provide a reference of the utilization of this technique and the recent research trends. This overview of the X-ray CT technique applications includes the characterization of the bentonite either in pellets or powder form. X-ray imaging has provided a means to extract grain information at the microscale and identify crack networks responsible for the pellets' heterogeneity. Regarding samples of pellets-powder mixtures under hydration, X-ray CT allowed the identification and monitoring of heterogeneous zones throughout the test. Some results showed how zones with pellets only swell faster compared to others composed of pellets and powder. Moreover, the behavior of fissures between grains and bentonite matrix was observed to change under drying and hydrating conditions, tending to close during the former and open during the latter. The development of specializing software has allowed obtaining strain fields from a sequence of images. In more recent works, X-ray CT technique has served to estimate the dry density, water content, and particle displacement at different testing times. Also, when temperature was added to the hydration process of a sample, CT technology offered a way to observe localized and global density changes over time.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.57-69
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• 2023

In this study, we simulated induced seismicity in the Groningen natural gas reservoir using 2D hydro-mechanical coupled discrete element modelling (DEM). The code used is PFC2D (Particle Flow Code 2D), a commercial software developed by Itasca, and in order to apply to this study we further developed 1)initialization of inhomogeneous reservoir pressure distribution, 2)a non-linear pressure-time history boundary condition, 3)local stress field monitoring logic. We generated a 2D reservoir model with a size of 40 × 50 km² and a complex fault system, and simulated years of pressure depletion with a time range between 1960 and 2020. We simulated fault system failure induced by pressure depletion and reproduced the spatiotemporal distribution of induced seismicity and assessed its failure mechanism. Also, we estimated the ground subsidence distribution and confirmed its similarity to the field measurements in the Groningen region. Through this study, we confirm the feasibility of the presented 2D hydro-mechanical coupled DEM in simulating the deformation of a complex fault system by hydro-mechanical coupled processes.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.101-106
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• 2023

In this busy world actually stress is continuously grow up in research and monitoring social websites. The social interaction is a process by which people act and react in relation with each other like play, fight, dance we can find social interactions. In this we find social structure means maintain the relationships among peoples and group of peoples. Its a limit and depends on its behavior. Because relationships established on expectations of every one involve depending on social network. There is lot of difference between emotional pain and physical pain. When you feel stress on physical body we all feel with tensions, stress on physical consequences, physical effects on our health. When we work on social network websites, developments or any research related information retrieving etc. our brain is going into stress. Actually by social network interactions like watching movies, online shopping, online marketing, online business here we observe sentiment analysis of movie reviews and feedback of customers either positive/negative. In movies there we can observe peoples reaction with each other it depends on actions in film like fights, dances, dialogues, content. Here we can analysis of stress on brain different actions of movie reviews. All these movie review analysis and stress on brain can calculated by machine learning techniques. Actually in target oriented business, the persons who are working in marketing always their brain in stress condition their emotional conditions are different at different times. In this paper how does brain deal with stress management. In software industries when developers are work at home, connected with clients in online work they gone under stress. And their emotional levels and stress levels always changes regarding work communication. In this paper we represent emotional intelligence with stress based analysis using machine learning techniques in social networks. It is ability of the person to be aware on your own emotions or feeling as well as feelings or emotions of the others use this awareness to manage self and your relationships. social interactions is not only about you its about every one can interacting and their expectations too. It about maintaining performance. Performance is sociological understanding how people can interact and a key to know analysis of social interactions. It is always to maintain successful interactions and inline expectations. That is to satisfy the audience. So people careful to control all of these and maintain impression management.