• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.28 no.10
• /
• pp.720-731
• /
• 2001

Complexity metrics have been developed for the structured paradigm of software development are not suitable for use with the object-oriented(OO) paradigm, because they do not support key object-oriented concepts such as inheritance, polymorphism. message passing and encapsulation. There are many researches on OO software metrics such as program complexity or design metrics. But metrics measuring the complexity of classes at the OO analysis phase are needed because they provide earlier feedback to the development project. and earlier feedback means more effective developing and less costly maintenance. In this paper, we propose the new metrics to measure the complexity of analysis classes which draw out in the analysis based on RUP(Rational Unified Process). By the collaboration complexity, is denoted by CC, we mean the maximum number of the collaborations can be achieved with each of the collaborator and determine the potential complexity. And the interface complexity, is denoted by IC, shows the difficulty related to understand the interface of collaborators each other. We verify theoretically the suggested metrics for Weyuker's nine properties. Moreover, we show the computation results for analysis classes of the system which automatically respond to questions of the user using the text mining technique. As a result of the comparison of CC and CBO and WMC suggested by Chidamber and Kemerer, the class that have highly the proposed metric value maintain the high complexity at the design phase too. And the complexity can be represented by CC and IC more than CBO and WMC. We can expect that our metrics may provide us the earlier feedback and hence possible to predict the efforts, costs and time required to remainder processes. As a result, we expect to develop the cost-effective OO software by reviewing the complexity of analysis classes in the first stage of SDLC(Software Development Life Cycle).

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.728-740
• /
• 2004

The increasing complexity and shorter life cycle of software have made it necessary to reuse software. Object-oriented development had not provided extensive reuse and computing infrastructures are evolving from mainframe to distributed environments. However, components provide more advanced means of structuring, describing and developing system, because they are more coarse-grained and have more domain-specific aspects than objects. And they are also suited for distributed environment due to their reusability and granularity. In this paper, we present a process including the static metrics and guidelines that can be applied to transform object-oriented systems into component-based systems. Our process consists of two parts: First, basic components are created based upon composition and inheritance relationships between classes. Second, intermediate system is refined into component-based system with the static metrics and guidelines we propose.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
• /
• 2000.05a
• /
• pp.135-143
• /
• 2000

The COCOMO Ⅱ model is well-suited for the new software development life cycle such as non-sequential and rapid-development processes. The traditional regression approach based on the least square criterion is the most commonly used technique for empirical calibration in the COCOMO Ⅱ model. But it has a few assumptions frequently violated by software engineering data sets. It is true that the source data is also generally imprecise in reporting size, effort, and cost-driver ratings, particularly across different organizations. And that the outlier for the source data is a peculiarity and indicates a data pint To cope with difficulties, in this paper, we propose a new regression method for calibrating COCOMO Ⅱ post-architecture model based on the minimum relative erro(MRE) criterion. The characteristic of the proposed method is insensitive to the extreme values of the data in the empirical calibration. As the experimental results, It is evident that our proposed calibration method MRE was shown to be superior to the traditional regression approach for model calibration, as illustrated by the values obtained for standard deviation(^σ), and prediction at level L PRED(L) measures.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.137-145
• /
• 2011

BIM Data exchange using standard format can provide a user friendly and practical way of integrating the BIM tools in the life cycle of a building on the currently construction industry which is participated various stakeholder. It used IFC format to exchange the BIM data from Design software to energy analysis software. However, since we can not use the material name data in the library of an energy analysis directly, it is necessary to input the material property data for building energy analysis. In this paper, to matching the material named of name of DOE-2 default library, rhe extracted material names from BIM file are inferred by the ontology With this we can make the reliable input data of the engine by development a standard data and also increase the efficient of building energy analysis process. The methodology can enable to provide a direction of BIM-based information management system as a conceptual study of using ontology in the construction industry.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.687-695
• /
• 2011

The defect caused by the software industry that is the source of knowledge-centric, information-centric and technology-centric affects an engine which operate a major role for operation of aircraft. Therefore, we should minimize the danger from the defect by strengthening the stability of aviation through the stability analysis of software. In this paper, we examine the laws and systems about the aircraft defects and software safety and propose the enhancement and the enactment of the law or measures to strengthen aviation safety. We should the existing law or system as items, such as the revision related to the safety analysis, standards of quality assurance including safety, application of quality assurance that you must attach the safety analysis report, assessment of detailed instructions of certification authorities. In addition, we should enact the new law and system as items such as the mandatory software evaluation and certification, continuous assessment based on the software life cycle, mandatory introduction of a standardized development methodology, strengthening of advanced workforce system. We can expect the improvement of software quality and an enhanced aviation safety by improving existing laws or systems and enacting new laws or systems.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• v.8D no.1
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2001

Object-Oriented (OO) methodology to use the concept like encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and message passing demands metrics that are different from structured methodology. There are many studies for OO software metrics such as program complexity or design metrics. But the metrics for the analysis class need to decrease the complexity in the analysis phase so that greatly reduce the effort and the cost of system development. In this paper, we propose new metrics to measure the complexity of analysis classes which draw out in the analysis phase based on Unified Process. By the collaboration complexity, is denoted by CC, we mean the maximum number of the collaborations can be achieved with each of the collaborator and detennine the potential complexity. And the interface complexity, is denoted by IC, shows the difficulty related to understand the interface of collaborators each other. We prove mathematically that the suggested metrics satisfy OO characteristics such as class size and inheritance. And we verify it theoretically for Weyuker' s nine properties. Moreover, we show the computation results for analysis classes of the system which automatically respond to questions of the it's user using the text mining technique. As we compared CC and IC to CBO and WMC, the complexity can be represented by CC and IC more than CBO and WMC. We expect to develop the cost-effective OO software by reviewing the complexity of analysis classes in the first stage of SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle).

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 2012

Previously, we found that $Zap70$ (Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase) expressed in the mouse oocytes and played significant role in completion of meiosis specifically at MI-MII (metaphase I-II) transition. Microinjection of $Zap70$ dsRNA into the cytoplasm of germinal vesicle oocyte resulted in MI arrest, and exhibited abnormalities in their spindles and chromosome configurations. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanisms of action of $Zap70$ in oocyte maturation by evaluating downstream signal networking after $Zap70$ RNAi (RNA interference). The probe hybridization and data analysis were used by Affymetrix Gene Chip Mouse Genome 430 2.0 array and GenPlex 3.0 (ISTECH, Korea) software, respectively. Total 1,152 genes were up (n=366) and down (n=786) regulated after $Zap70$ RNAi. Among those genes changed, we confirmed the expressional changes of the genes involved in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway, since the phenotypes of $Zap70$ RNAi in oocytes were found in the changes in the chromosome separation and spindle structures. We confirmed the changes in gene expression in the actin skeletal system as well as in the MAPK signaling pathway, and concluded that these changes are main cause of the aberrant chromosome arrangement and abnormal spindles after $Zap70$ RNAi.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.12 no.9
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2021

A software system is required to change during its life cycle due to various requirements such as adding functionalities, fixing bugs, and adjusting to new computing environments. Such program code modification should be considered as carefully as a new system development becase unexpected software errors could be introduced. In addition, when reusing open source programs, we can expect higher quality software if code changes of the open source program are predicted in advance. This paper proposes a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based deep learning model to predict source code changes. In this paper, the prediction of code changes is considered as a kind of a binary classification problem in deep learning and labeled datasets are used for supervised learning. Java projects and code change logs are collected from GitHub for training and testing datasets. Software metrics are computed from the collected Java source code and they are used as input data for the proposed model to detect code changes. The performance of the proposed model has been measured by using evaluation metrics such as precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy. The experimental results show the proposed CNN model has achieved 95% in terms of F1-Score and outperformed the multilayer percept-based DNN model whose F1-Score is 92%.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.151-162
• /
• 2012

It is not surprising to hear news about irresistible natural disasters all over the world due to climate change. Korean Government has focused on developing a variety of green technologies to reduce green house gasses, in particular, carbon dioxide. This study suggested 18 technology divisions for achieving green highway technology development in six different sub-sectors considering life-cycle of roadway and surveyed 29 highway and/or transportation professionals of three institutes using AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) analysis to construct "Green Highway"and realize carbon emission reductions and energy use efficiency in a road sector in Korea. Expert Choice Software was used to rank 18 technology divisions weighted by two-level choices. Transport Operating Infrastructure Improvement, Roadway Policy Implementation, Green Transportation(such as Pedestrian and Bicycle) were highly ranked by respondents according to results of the AHP modeling. Among the 18 divisions, technology policy for supporting R&D investments from development to commercialization was ranked as the most significant one to be focused. Green Transportation Facility Design/Construction/Operation and Eco-Friendly Roadway Plan were followed as expected since professionals have thought that the planning/design step of the life-cycle is a starting point to reduce carbon dioxide from roads more and more. Additionally, comparing the results with the Government investment trend 2006-2011 for the roads, it can be interpreted that the Government should invest to the R&D area more widely than before to promote element and core technology development for Green Highway Construction. Above all, small and mid-sized businesses have to be invested as well as encouraged to undertake green highwayrelated objects to accomplish the divisions which ranked high.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.105-111
• /
• 2015

Car manufacturers and part manufacturers each have their own criteria with regard to strength, stiffness and NVH performance levels. Part manufacturers typically investigate such performances according to the part unit. To do this, the part manufacturer receives information from the relevant car maker. However, the information provided by the car maker is limited, making it difficult to develop a part which meets all of the design requirements specified by the car unit overall. To overcome this difficulty, the utilization of a VPG system is recommended for the designer. In this study, the durability performance of an optimized control arm as suggested in a previous study was investigated using the ETA-VPG, LS-dyna and FE/safe software packages. ETA-VPG provides several types of suspension and steering parts. In this study, a complete car is created using the library included in ETA-VPG, with the exception of the control arm. We also conducted a virtual proving ground analysis to predict the life cycle of the control arm.