• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2021

The cutting force in a cutting simulation is determined by the cutting conditions, such as cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. The cutting force changes, depending on the material and cutting conditions, and is affected by the heat generated during cutting. The physical properties for predicting the cutting force use constitutive equations as functions of the hardening term, rate-hardening term, and thermal-softening term. To accurately predict the thermal properties, it is necessary to accurately predict the thermal-softening coefficient. In this study, the thermal-softening coefficient was determined, and the cutting force was predicted, using the response-surface method with the cutting conditions and the thermal-softening coefficient as factors.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집(II)
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• pp.182-187
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• 2003

The analysis of mud pumping which causes track irregularities during softening of present roadbed is needed in order to prepare countermeasure that is efficient and reasonable against the softening of railway roadbed. In this study, model tests were performed in order to evaluate property of the railway softening under the train loading, considering the wheel load and the impact coefficient due to the train passing velocity. The existence of the mud pumping, settlements of roadbed and vertical earth pressure were measured under the train loading.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2019

A numerical stepwise approach for cavity expansion problem in strain-softening rock or soil mass is investigated, which is compatible with Mohr-Coulomb and generalized Hoek-Brown failure criteria. Based on finite difference method, plastic region is divided into a finite number of concentric rings whose thicknesses are determined internally to satisfy the equilibrium and compatibility equations, the material parameters of the rock or soil mass are assumed to be the same in each ring. For the strain-softening behavior, the strength parameters are assumed to be a linear function of deviatoric plastic strain (${\gamma}p^*$) for each ring. Increments of stress and strain for each ring are calculated with the finite difference method. Assumptions of large-strain for soil mass and small-strain for rock mass are adopted, respectively. A new numerical stepwise approach for limited pressure and plastic radius are obtained. Comparisons are conducted to validate the correctness of the proposed approach with Vesic's solution (1972). The results show that the perfectly elasto-plastic model may underestimate the displacement and stresses in cavity expansion than strain-softening coefficient considered. The results of limit expansion pressure based on the generalised H-B failure criterion are less than those obtained based on the M-C failure criterion.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.431-436
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• 1988

The properties of scid-resistance to boiling HCl, thermal expansion coefficient and softening temperature of mother glass and glass-ceramic of LAS systems were investigated at the contents of SiO2 varing from 57 to 67wt%. The nucleation and growth of crystalline phase of LAS compositions were carried out at 50$0^{\circ}C$ and $700^{\circ}C$. The crystalline phase jconsists of lithium alumino silicate, lithum meta silicate, lithium disilicate, $\alpha$-crystobalite and $\alpha$-quartz. Lithium alumino silicate(virgilite) is the major crystalline phase in the glass ceramics. The degree of acid resistant property was increased in proportion with the silica content for both glass and ceramics. Glass-ceramic gives lower acid-resistance and thermal expansion coefficient while softening temperature shows higher for glass-ceramic than for mother glass.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2009

Zirconia($ZrO_2$) has attracted much attention in science and technology because of its high refractive index, high melting temperature, hardness, low thermal conductivity and corrosion barrier properties. And it is widely used as the dental restoration material because of its esthetic appearance. In this research, we analyzed the particle size and composition of the imported dental porcelain for zirconia. And the glass frit was produced. To decrease the glass transition temperature and softening temperature of the glass frit, $Li_2O$ was added into it and the effect of $Li_2O$ on the firing temperature was researched. Then the glass which contains leucite crystal with a high coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE) was manufactured and it was mixed with the glass frit to control the CTE. The phase composition were analyzed using the X-ray diffraction. The morphologies of the samples were observed by the scanning electron microscope. The 4wt% $Li_2O$-added glass frit has the optimal glass transition temperature and softening temperature. And 6 wt% leucite crystal was mixed with the glass frit to control the CTE. From the experimental results of crystallization, the crystal phase was found only leucite crystal.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 1996

반도체를 보호하기 위하여 사용하는 반도체 성형 재료로, 현재 주로 사용되고 있는 Epoxy Molding Compound(EMI)의 주성분인 올소 크레졸 노볼락 에폭시 수지의 특성과 성형 재료의 관계를 조사하기 위하여 올소 크레졸 노볼락 에폭시 수지의 분자량과 깊은 관련이 있는 수지의 연화점 변화에 따른 EMC의 물성변화를 살펴보았다. 사용된 epoxy 수지의 연화점은 각각 65.1$^{\circ}C$, 72.2$^{\circ}C$, 83.0$^{\circ}C$ 인 3종을 사용하였으며 연화점 변화에 따른 EMC의 물성변화를 살펴보기 위하여 기계적 물성으로 굴곡 강도와 굴곡탄성율을, 열적 특성 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 열팽창 계수와 열전도도 그리고 유리 전이온도를 각각 측정하였다. 그리고 성형 특성과의 관계를 살펴보기 위하여 스피랄 플로우(Spiral Flow)를 측정하였다, 연화점이 증가함에 따라 굴곡 탄성율과 유리상에서의 열팽창 계수(${\alpha}_1$), 그리고 열전도도는 거의 변화가 없었으나 유리전이온도는 연화점 증가에 따라 증가함을, 스피랄 플로우는 연화점 증가에 따라 감소함을 보여주었다. 이는 에폭시 수지의 분자량이 증가함에 따라 가교밀도가 증가하는 현상에 기인한다고 판단된다. 고무상에서의 여팽창 계수(${\alpha}_2$)와 굴곡강도의 경우는 전이점을 보여주고 있는데, 이는 수지점도 증가에 따른 충전제의 분산성에 기인한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.39-47
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• 1997

Creep rate the elevated temperature is known to be controller by the softening process of microstructure especially in the solid solution alloys such as 125 Cr rotor steel. The change of structure is a decreasing process of the free energy of the state including stress, diffusivity of the material, and tmeperature. This study shows that diffusion coefficient, D of 12% Cr rotor steel at 953K with 74.8 MPa is 1.084~3.140*$10^{15}mm^2sec^1$ compared to $1.658*10^{24}mm^2sec^1$at 963K without stress. During creep, the growth of martensite laths accelerates the diffusion coefficient under stress due to incoherency of interface between carbides and matrix.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.128-132
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• 2015

In this study, we prepared cadmium phosphate glasses with various compositions, given by $xCdO-(100-x)P_2O_5$ (x = 10-55 mol%), and analyzed their Fourier transform infrared spectra, dissolution rate, thermal expansion coefficient, glass transition temperature, glass softening temperature, and optical band gap. We found that the thermal expansion coefficient and dissolution rate increased while the glass transition temperature and glass softening temperature decreased with increasing CdO content. These results suggest that CdO acts as a network modifier in binary phosphate glass and weakens its structure.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.627-631
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• 2005

In this study, low fatigue behavior of laser welded sheet metal were investigated. Before welding, the cross section of butt joint was prepared only by fine shearing without milling process. Specimens were same sheet metal and welding condition that using automobile manufacturing company at present. Butt joint of cold rolled sheet metal was welded by $CO_2$ laser. It is used that welding condition such as laser welding speed was 5.5m/sec and laser output power was 5kW for 0.8mm and 1.2mm sheet metal. The laser weldments were machined same or different thickness and same or different material. In order to mechanical properties of around welding zone, hardness test was performed. Hardness of welding bead is about 2 times greater than base material. We performed the low cycle fatigue tests for obtaining fatigue properties about thickness and the weld line direction of specimen. The results of strain controlled low cycle fatigue test indicate that all specimens occur cyclic softening, as indicated by the decrease in stress to reach a prescribed strain.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.62-72
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• 1995

The present study was undertaken to investigate the dry wear mechanism of the alumina ceramics in the purity variation for the wear of STB2. The wear test was carried out under different experimental condition various sliding speed, contact pressure and sliding distance. According as the alumina purity increased, wear volume of the STB2 decreased and minimum value of wear volume was over to high speed side. According as the sliding speed and sliding distance increased, friction coefficient decreased owing to drop of the shear strength, it decresed largely owing to decreased of elastic modulus and thermal conductivity with decrease in alumina purity. Indicative of minimum, value of wear volume, low speed side was abrasive wear, high speed side was wear of heat softening. The friction surface of ceramics protacted by oxide was transfer from STB2.