• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 2010

Citric acid is a natural preservative and is used to add a sour taste to foods and soft drinks. For the preparation of stable food additives of citric acid, a coating process using vegetable oil was developed. Coating materials used were purified soy bean oil and carnauba wax. The yield of coated citric acid was up to 95% in both cases. The contents of coating materials was 20~33% in the total composition and the coating efficiency was 95.2 ${\pm}$ 0.01%. The surface of coated citric acid was much smoother and more homogeneous than that of original citric acid according to SEM data. The coated citric acid can be used to as a stable food additive and also would be applied to nutraceuticals and cosmetic ingredients.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2023

Dental trauma is common in active children and adolescents. Among them, in the case of ankylosis due to avulsion, diagnosis through clinical examination is important, and the treatment is important for esthetic prosthetic restoration after adulthood. This case is a case of esthetic prosthetic restoration of maxillary anterior teeth through decoronation and implant. After that, space was maintained for prosthetic restoration using a decoronated crown. After becoming an adult, precise implant placement and esthetic prosthetic restoration were possible using guide surgery. For soft tissue support, the temporary crown were replaced by changing the contours of the temporary crown, and the final esthetic prosthesis was fabricated by digital wax-up.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.244-250
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• 2020

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of the benefit of soft waxing, hard waxing, and sugaring waxing on intention to reuse in Korean adults, and to provide useful information to people who are new to waxing. As a research method, from May 1, 2019 to August 30 (17 weeks), we surveyed 422 subjects between 10 and 40 years old who lived in Busan and Yeongnam area and experienced waxing. In statistical analysis, Cronbach's alpha was calculated for reliability test, and Chi-squared test, independent t-test, correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used. Multiple responses were analyzed using multiple response test. In the result of the effect of waxing benefit on intention to reuse, there was a significant positive correlation of waxing seeking score by body part, total waxing benefit score(r=0.389, p<0.001), and total score of intention to reuse (r=0.214, p>0.001) with intention to reuse. There was also a significant positive correlation between waxing benefit by body part and intention to reuse, except arms and legs. In the result of the effect of waxing benefit on intention to reuse, face waxing (β=0.106, p<0.001), Brazilian waxing (β=0.221, p<0.001) and total waxing benefit score (β=0.321, p<0.001) had a significant effect on intention to reuse. In the present study, awareness of sugaring waxing was low but favor and intention to reuse were strong, and the subjects sought sugaring waxing for sensitive body parts. Thus, would provide useful information for consumers new to waxing, and also basic information for studies on waxing.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.208-217
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• 2018

The maxillary anterior teeth play an important role in esthetics. The esthetic of maxillary anterior teeth is closely related to tooth morphology and also harmony with gingiva. Precise diagnosis and treatment plan are essential to satisfy patient's demand, and sometimes surrounding soft tissue management is involved to achieve the goal. Gingivectomy can be considered as one method to make esthetic restoration possible. As well as esthetics, function has to be considered in maxillary anterior teeth restoration. Definitive cast of abutment and diagnostic cast waxed up labially were superimposed with model scanner, so can provide former comfortable occlusion. This case report demonstrates functional and esthetic improvements of two patients through gingivectomy and the data of superimposed image of casts.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 1990

The purpose of the study was to correlate margin design(chamfer, shoulder, shoulder with a $45^{\circ}$ bevel. with the seating and sealing of cemented full cast crowns under standardized simulated clinical conditions. Wax patterns were made with milled stainless-steel dies and rings, and were invested, burnt out, and cast. The full cast crowns were comented on individual resin dies, and a gradually diminishing load(45kg to 25kg. was applied over a 10-minute period. The specimens were sectioned centrally with a low speed diamond saw and examined with light microscope. The results were as follows : 1. Chamfer preparations demonstrated it was the best marginal seal, followed in order by the shoulder with a $45^{\circ}$ bevel, and by the shoulder(p<.05). 2. Chamfer preparations demonstrated it was the best occlusal seating, followed in order by the shoulder, and by the shoulder with a $45^{\circ}$ bevel(p<.05).

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 2017

The open bite malocclusion is a common clinical entity and has multifactorial causes. Development of effective treatment plan and management is dependent on proper diagnosis. The skeletal open bite patient requires a coordinated orthodontic and orthognathic surgical approach to achieve stable occlusion, acceptable esthetics, and improved function. But in case of open bite with severely decayed dentition, restoration in the entire dentition is necessary. Using the facial analysis and diagnostic wax-up, the most effective treatment was prosthetic rehabilitation. The provisional restorations were fabricated to satisfy esthetic and functional requirements, which result in the uniformly distributed occlusal force, anterior and canine guidance. The inter-arch relationship, labio-dental harmony, and the soft tissue aspect, which is important to estimate the longevity were evaluated. Definitive restorations of monolithic zirconia were made by replicating provisional restorations by using the latest CAD/CAM technology. They were delivered to the patient and clinical follow-up observation was satisfactory.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.267-275
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• 2023

To obtain better esthetic results when immediately placing a dental implant, the soft tissue surrounding the implant must be conditioned during healing of the extraction socket. To this end, the emergence profile can be customized through immediate restoration of the provisional prosthesis, and good clinical results can be obtained at the time of definitive restoration in the future, resulting in high patient satisfaction. In this case, horizontal root fracture occurred after trauma to both maxillary central incisors. Immediate implant placement and loading was planned considering aesthetics and alveolar bone condition. By taking an impression using a digital intraoral scanner, a digital diagnostic wax-up was performed to make a more aesthetic prosthesis without applying external force to the traumatized teeth. Based on this, the ideal placement location was determined and immediate implant placement was performed using a 3D printed surgical guide. The provisional prosthesis was restored 5 days after placement, and the definitive zirconia crown was restored through soft tissue conditioning and customization using the shape of the provisional prosthesis for 3 months.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.536-541
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal and internal gap of Cobalt (Co)-Chromium (Cr) sintering metal coping fabricated by dental computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing systems. Abutment tooth 46 of universal numbering system was selected for the study. Twenty Co-Cr metal copings of two groups were manufactured and scanned. Co-Cr cast metal copings (CCM) group of ten were fabricated using investment, burnout and casing after subtractive manufacturing of wax block. Also, Co-Cr sintering metal copings (CSM) group of ten were fabricated using sintering processing after subtractive manufacturing of Co-Cr soft metal bock. Marginal and internal gap of Co-Cr metal copings of twenty were measured by digital microscope (${\times}160$) with silicone replica technique. The data was analyzed from IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 22.0 Statistical software for Mann-Whitney U test (${\alpha}=0.05$). $Mean{\pm}standard$ deviation of marginal gap of CCM group was $90.12{\pm}61.73{\mu}m$ of CSM group was $60.17{\pm}24.83{\mu}m$. However, two groups was statistically not different (p>0.05). This study showed that CSM group was clinically acceptable adaptation.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 2018

It is reported that the causes of unaesthetic proportion of anterior teeth vary widely. Especially, when the unaesthetic tooth proportion of the mandibular incisors arises due to the wear of the anterior teeth accompanied by the compensation of the alveolar bone, it may cause serious functional and aesthetic problems. In such case, it should be considered that the evaluation of vertical dimension and tooth proportion as well as smile line, soft tissue and hard tissue morphology. And, increase of vertical dimension or clinical crown lengthening followed by prosthodontic restorations is needed to improve the interdental mesial/distal, width/length ratio considering the anterior guidance. This case report demonstrates functional and aesthetic improvements through systematic diagnosis and treatment procedures in a 48-year-old male patient with unaesthetic anterior teeth proportion because of tooth wear accompanied by the compensation of alveolar bone and defect of several central incisors due to chronic periodontitis.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2010

In general, three types of fingerprints could be found at the crime scene: visible, plastic, and latent fingerprints. Examples of visible fingerprint include those made by blood, paint or ink. Plastic fingerprint are made from an impression of the finger on soft material as soap, wax, etc. Latent fingerprint are those of the invisible one to the human eye. Oil-contaminated fingerprints remained in the evidence, that are contaminated with the soybean oil, engine oil, lubricating oil or grease. Oil-contaminated fingerprints are special types of fingerprint evidence but the research for developing method regarding oil-contaminated fingerprints is a few. In this study, ultraviolet light source was employed for untreated oil-contaminated prints and the freeze-dry method with liquid nitrogen for freeze oil residue on the surfaces with sequence of developing oil-contaminated fingerprints with black and magnetic powders, cyanoacrylate (CA) fuming, Basic Yellow 40. The types of oil chosen for the experiment were soybean oil, LSA oil, engine oil and material surfaces selected for the experiment were glass, plastic aluminum plates. The aims of this study were to determine the appropriate developing methods for oil-contaminated fingerprints.