• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.593-599
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• 2010

A seven-year-old, castrated male Basset hound weighing 21.1 kg was presented for investigation of anorexia, lethargy, weight loss, melena and vomiting for 4 months. In laboratory findings, microcytic hypochromic anemia was identified, and other results were within a normal reference range. On the plain radiographs, soft tissue opacity was increased in the descending duodenal region; and on the contrast radiographs, ulcerative changes were identified in the entire segment of descending duodenum. Ultrasonographic findings included increased duodenal wall thickness and duodenal wall layering was lost. Endoscopy revealed irregular mucosal surface and luminal narrowing of the descending duodenum. There was concentrically thickened descending duodenum on the computed tomography. And the wall of the descending duodenum showed heterogenous enhancement after contrast agent injection. On histopathological findings, both chronic inflammation with mucosal proliferation and neoplastic changes with multiple small glandslike structures invading into the submucosa were identified. Based on these findings, presented case was diagnosed as an annular form duodenal adenocarcinoma. After 13 months of supportive medical treatment, the patient was expired. The purpose of this case report was to describe the duodenal adenocarcinoma in a dog.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.588-592
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• 2010

A 15-year-old neutered male Yorkshire terrier was presented with a gait disorder of the pelvic limbs. For differential diagnosis of neural disease, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scan were performed. CT showed bone defect in the 4th lumbar vertebra and adjacent soft tissue mass. MRI revealed a mass in left side of the 4th lumbar vertebra. The mass was uniformly enhanced on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1W1). Excision of the mass alleviated back pain. Vertebral osteosarcoma was identified by the histopathological examination. Therefore, CT and MRI were helpful to diagnose vertebral osteosarcoma in the dog and to plan surgical excision of the mass.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2007

Purpose: Recent studies have shown increased levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in various human malignancies to include various bone and soft tissue tumors. However, little is known with regard to COX-2 expression patterns in chondroid tumors. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry assays were performed for COX-2 in enchondromas (n=10), chondroblastomas (n=11), chondromyxoid fibromas (n=5), conventional chondrosarcomas (n=17), clear cell chondrosarcomas (n=7), and mesenchymal chondrosarcomas (n=6). Results: Among the benign chondroid tumors, chondroblastomas revealed characteristic strong positivity in 6 of 11 cases(54.5%). All enchondromas and chondromyxoid fibromas were negative except in one case. In conventional chondrosarcomas, three cases(17.6%) were strongly reactive with COX-2 and all positive cases represented grade III chondrosarcomas. Clear cell chondrosarcomas were found to be focally positive in two cases(28.5%), while all mesenchymal chondrosarcomas were negative. Conclusions: These findings suggest that COX-2 overexpression in conventional chondrosarcoma may represent an advanced histologic grade. Interestingly, expression of COX-2 in chondroblastomas could be an important factor for inducing peritumoral inflammatory changes in these specific tumors.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.247-256
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of operative treatment using mini-open sinus tarsi approach for displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures. Materials and Methods: We studied 18 cases (16 patients) of intraarticular calcaneal fractures who were treated with sinus tarsi approach by same surgeon. The mean age of patients was 44.8 years, and mean follow-up period was 17.2 months. The measurement of B$\ddot{o}$hler angle, Gissane angle, the degree of articular surface depression, and the period to union were performed through preoperative and postoperative radiographs. The clinical evaluation was performed according to hindfoot score of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and scale of the Creighton-Nebraska health foundation (CNHF). Results: B$\ddot{o}$hler angle and Gissane angle had improved significantly from preoperative average $9.8^{\circ}$, $117.6^{\circ}$to average $22.4^{\circ}$, $113.4^{\circ}$ immediate postoperatively, and had maintained to average $21.8^{\circ}$and $114.2^{\circ}$ at the last follow-up. The degree of articular surface depression had improved significantly from preoperative average 5.2 mm to 1.2 mm at the last follow-up. All cases achieved bone union, and the period to union was average 10.5 weeks. AOFAS score was average 86.2 points at the last follow-up. There were 7 excellent, 9 good, and 2 fair results according to the CNHF scale. Therefore, 16 cases (88.8%) achieved satisfactory results. Conclusion: The minimally invasive sinus tarsi approach using headless compression screw seems to be an effective surgical method for displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures, because of the possibility of accurate restoration of articular surface and the low risk of postoperative soft tissue complications.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.166-172
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• 2019

Purpose: This study evaluated the clinical and radiological results after reinforcement of the weakened medial joint capsule using Internal Brace (Arthrex) for treating severe hallux valgus. Materials and Methods: This study reviewed 56 cases of 50 patients that were followed-up postoperatively for at least 12 months, from September 2017 until August 2018. An extended distal chevron osteotomy combined with a distal soft-tissue release was performed by a single surgeon to treat severe hallux valgus. Internal Brace was applied in 12 cases (group A) who had weakened medial joint capsules, and capsulorrhaphy was performed in 44 cases (group B), and these two groups were compared postoperatively for the clinical and radiological results. The postoperative complications were also investigated. Results: No significant differences at 1-year follow-up on the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire and the patients' satisfaction scores were found between the two groups (p=0.905 and p=0.668, respectively). For the radiology, the changes of the values between before surgery and at 1-year follow-up according to the group showed no significant differences in the hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle, and the hallux interphalangeal angle (p=0.986, p=0.516, p=0.754, respectively). Recurrence of hallux valgus was reported in two cases in group A, and in three cases in group B. Transfer metatarsalgia occurred in 4 cases in group B. Conclusion: Based on these results, we recommend the capsule reinforcing technique using Internal Brace as a successful operative option for treating a weakened medial capsule in patients with severe hallux valgus.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.265-286
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• 1997

Bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs) are a group of transforming growth factor beta(TGF-${\beta}$)-related factors and multifunctional proteins, especially the only known biologic factors capable of inducing endochondral bone formation at an extraskeletal site. This study was performed to investigate the effect of the partially purified porcine BMP(pBMP) at an ectopic site. PBMP was partially purified from porcine bone matrix and its activity was monitored by an in vivo bioassay. The purification method utilized extraction of the bone-inducing activity with 4M guanidine, followed by chromatography on heparin-Sepharose. Active fractions were assayed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. And the fractions were reconstituted with inactive insoluble collagenous bone matrix from rats, acid soluble type I collagen from rat tail and chondroitin-6-sulfate sodium salt and implanted into the pectroralis muscle pouches of Sprague-Dawley rats. And the carrier complex was implanted on the opposite side as control. The rats were sacrificed at the day of 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 11th, 14th and 21st after implantation and examined histologically, radiologically and biochemically. And alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content were used as indices of bone formation. The results were as follows ; 1. Active fractions were localized in a zone between 31 and 40 KDa on SDS-PAGE. 2. The implanted 3.0mg of the partially purified pBMP induced cartilage and bone in the muscle tissue of rats through an endochondral ossification process. 3. Inactive insoluble bone matrix, type I collagen and chondroitin-6-sulfate have functioned as carriers for pBMP, but revealed some foreign body reactions. 4. Soft X-ray didn't reveal significant change between the experimental and the control group. 5. The alkaline phosphatase activities in the experimental group of 5th, 7th, 11th, 14th and 21st were increased significantly compared with control (p<0.01) with the peak in the group of 11th day. 6. With time, the calcium content of the experimental group increased. And the calcium contents in the experimental group of 11th, 14th and 21st were increased significantly compared with control (p<0.01).

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.100-105
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• 2012

Purpose: In general, the surgical treatment for mandibular retrognathism is represented by two methods, distraction osteogenesis (DO) and mandibular osteotomy surgery. The DO is mostly preferred when the degree of advancement of mandible is large. However, the postoperative stability of mandibular advancement using DO have not been actively investigated. Therefore, in the present study we have compared the postoperative stability between DO and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) in mandibular retrognathism. Methods: Seven patients who had been treated by DO and thirteen patients with BSSRO were included in this study. Serial lateral cephalograms were analyzed by manual tracing and the amount of the mandibular elongation was measured. To evaluate the postoperative stability, positional changes of the condylar position and B point were analyzed. Results: Mean amount of mandibular advancement was $6.51{\pm}3.57mm$ for BSSRO group and $12.43{\pm}4.35mm$ for DO group, respectively. There was no significant difference in age between the two groups (P>0.05). Mean follow up periods were 10.77 months for BSSRO group and 11.28 months for DO group, respectively. After mandibular advancement, mean positional changes in the condyle were $0.56{\pm}1.43mm$ horizontally and $0.72{\pm}1.61mm$ vertically for BSSRO group and $0.53{\pm}1.56mm$ horizontally and $0.56{\pm}1.75mm$ vertically for DO group, respectively. Mean change of distance from B point to Y-axis was $-1.76{\pm}0.83mm$ for BSSRO group and $-2.14{\pm}1.82mm$ for DO group, respectively. According to the condylar position and B point, there were no significant differences in postoperative stability between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in postoperative stability between DO and BSSRO group according to condylar position and B point. Based on the results of the present study, it is hypothesized that DO would be a good treatment choice for severe mandibular retrognathism because DO could achieve more mandibular advancement and concurrent soft tissue elongation.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.34 no.2 s.103
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• pp.109-119
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• 2004

This study aimed at investigating the skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue changes of Class III malocclusion cases treated by second molar extraction. The lateral cephalograms of 15 subjects with moderate Class III malocclusion by average ANB $-1.4^{\circ}\;and\;IMPA\;85^{\circ}$ were traced and the computerized superimposition of average craniofacial change was made. The data was gathered and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows: 1 Lower anterior facial height/anterior facial height increased by 0.6%(P<0.01), mandibular plane increased by $1.5^{\circ}$(P<0.05). 2. There was a slightly downward & backward rotation of the mandible. 3. Lower first molar tipped distally by 4.nm(P<0.001), lower anterior teeth lingually tipped by $3.2^{\circ}$(P<0.05). 4. Retracted lower lip improved facial profile. This study may suggest that second molar extraction could be effective for a moderate Class III malocclusion to make distalization of the lower first molar easier and avoid severe lingual tipping of the lower incisor, if the lower third molar has a normal shape, good direction of eruption and adequate time for lower second molar extraction

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.641-649
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• 2001

The aim of present study was to assess the thickness of masticatory mucosa on the hard palate and tuberosity as a potential donor site for mucogingival surgery. Thickness measurement was performed in 30 dental college students who are periodontally healthy, with a recently developed, ultrasonic device(SDM). The mean age of study subjects was 23.7(range 21-29) years old and the subjects were composed of 18 males and 12 females. Eighteen standard measurement points were defined on the hard palate, located on 3 lines which ran at different distances parallel to the gingival margin. Six positions were designated on each of these 3 lines between the level of the canine and the second molar. On the tuberosity, 6 standard measurement points were defined, located on 2 lines running parallel to the gingival margin at different distances. Data were analyzed to determine differences in gender, between different positions, and between lines, by an analysis of variance. The results showed that the mucosa of the tuberosity was significantly thicker than that of the hard palate region. Gender did not influence the thickness of masticatory mucosa, either on the hard palate or the tuberosity. On the hard palate, mucosa thickness increased as the distance from the marginal gingiva increased. The mucosa over the palatal root of the maxillary first molar was significantly thinner than that at all other positions on the hard palate. Measurement error at palate was 0.25mm, at tuberosity 0.51mm. No difference in the thickness of masticatory mucosa on palate and tuberosity was found between men and women. On the hard palate, soft tissue thickness progressively increased in sites further from the gingival margin. Therefore, we may harvest more thicker graft on the tuberosity that has more masticatory mucosa thickness than hard palate, however the width may not be sufficient for using.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.223-237
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• 2006

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of bone graft materials including deproteinized bovine bone(DBB), demineralized freeze-dried bone(DFDB), freeze-dried bone(FDB) on bone formation in guided bone regeneration using perforated titanium membrane(TM). 16 adult male rabbits(mean BW 2kg) were used in this study and 4 rabbits allotted to each test group. Intramarrow penetration(diameter 6.5mm) was done with round carbide bur on calvaria to promote blood supply and clot formation in the wound area. The test groups were devided into 4 groups as follows: TM only(test 1), TM +DBB(test 2), TM +DFDB(test 3), TM +FDB(test 4). Perforated titanium membrane was contoured in rectangular parallelepiped shape(0.5mm pore diameter, 10mm in one side, 2mm in inner height), filled the each graft material and placed on the decorticated carvaria. Perforated titanium membrane was fixed with resorbable suture materials. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 8 weeks after the surgery. Non-decalcified preparations were routinely processed for histologic analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Perforated titanium membrane was biocompatible. 2. Perforated titanium membrane had capability of maintaining the space during the healing period but invasion of soft tissue through the perforations of titanium membrane decreased the space available for bone formation. 3. In test 1 group without bone graft material, the amount of bone formation and bone maturation was better than other test groups. 4. Among the graft materials, the effect of freeze-dried bone on bone formation was best. 5. In the test groups using deproteinized bovine bone, demineralized freeze-dried bone, bone formation was a little. The spacemaking capability of the membrane may be crucial for bone formation. The combined treatment with the perforated titanium membrane and deproteinized bovine bone or demineralized freeze-dried bone failed to demonstrate any added effect in the bone formation. Minimization of size and numbers of perforations of titanium membrane or use of occlusive titanium membrane might be effective to acquire predictable results in the vertical bone formation.