• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.30A no.7
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• pp.12-18
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• 1993

We have proposed a soft-decision decoding method for block codes. With careful examinations of the first hard-decision decoded results, The candidate codewords are efficiently searched for. Thus, we can reduce the decoding complexity (the number of hard-decision decodings) and lower the block error probability. Computer simulation results are presented for the (23,12) Golay code. They show that the decoding complexity is considerably reduced and the block error probability is close to that of the maximum likelihood decoder.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.5-8
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• 1998

Polyurethane elastomers are segmented cocoplymer with an [HS]n-type structure. Typically, these materials are two-phase systems, prepared from relatively polar and stiff component called the hard segment(H) and relatively flexible component known as the soft segment(S). Diisocyanate and chain extender together form the hard segment, which is dispersed within a matrix of the soft segment, composed of the macrodiolos.(omitted)

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.79-86
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• 1998

The image of architecture changes with its age. In spite of its age, traditional architecture still looks like beautiful. This study is to define the change of image for traditional architecture with its appearance. I-se Jingu, Japan was selected for subject architecture because of its new and old one were in same site. In part 1, the image was considered with six scales: gorgeous-modest, strict-loose, hard-soft, orderly-disorder, new-old, and beautiful-ugly. The image of strict-loose, hard-soft, orderly-disorder related with the style, roof materials and damage of materials. Respectively the image of gorgeous-modest is relevent to "beautifulness", regardless of its age.f its age.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.33-36
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• 1998

Segmented block copolyetheresters defined as copolymers having sequences of alternating polyester hard blocks and polyether soft blocks create labile physical cross-links upon crystallization of hard polyester blocks Since the nature of the physical interlocking is a crystallite formed exclusively from the crystallizable hard segment, the hard segment content (HSC) and hard segment length (HSL) will play an important role in determining the properties such as mechanical property and dynamic mechanical property. (omitted)

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.285-289
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a novel double-talk detection (DTD) technique based on soft decision in the frequency domain. In the proposed method, global near-end speech presence probability (GNSPP) considering the statistical model assumption and voice activity detection (VAD) decision of the near-end and far-end signal are applied to the DTD algorithm in the frequency domain instead of the traditional hard decision scheme using cross-correlation coefficients. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by the objective test under various environments, and yields better results compared with the conventional scheme.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.145-156
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the midfacial soft tissue changes following maxillary expansion using micro-implant-supported maxillary skeletal expanders (MSEs) in young adults by cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) and to evaluate the correlations between hard and soft tissue changes after MSE usage. Methods: Twenty patients (mean age, 22.4 years; range, 17.6-27.1) with maxillary transverse deficiency treated with MSEs were selected. Mean expansion amount was 6.5 mm. CBCT images taken before and after expansion were superimposed to measure the changes in soft and hard tissue landmarks. Statistical analyses were performed using paired t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis on the basis of the normality of data. Results: Average lateral movement of the cheek points was 1.35 mm (right) and 1.08 mm (left), and that of the alar curvature points was 1.03 mm (right) and 1.02 mm (left). Average forward displacement of the cheek points was 0.59 mm (right) and 0.44 mm (left), and that of the alar curvature points was 0.61 mm (right) and 0.77 mm (left) (p < 0.05). Anterior nasal spine (ANS), posterior nasal spine (PNS), and alveolar bone width showed significant increments (p < 0.05). Changes in the cheek and alar curvature points on both sides significantly correlated with hard tissue changes (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Maxillary expansion using MSEs resulted in significant lateral and forward movements of the soft tissues of cheek and alar curvature points on both sides in young adults and correlated with the maxillary suture opening at the ANS and PNS.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 1997

This study was carried out in order to determine soft tissue response to incisor movement and mandibular repositioning and to determine feasibility of predicting vertical and horizontal changes in soft tissue with hard tissue movement. For this study, cephalometric records of 41 orthodontically treated adult females who had Angle's Class II division 1 malocclusion were selected and stepwise multiple regression analysis was employed. Following conclusions were obtained by analysing the changes of soft tissue and hard tissue before and after treatment. 1. Hard tissue measurements that showed significant changes before and after treatment were horizontal and angular changes of maxillary incisor, horizontal,vertical and angular changes of mandibular incisor, overjet, overbite, interincisal angle, mandibular repositioning, A,B, skeletal convexity and soft tissue measurements that showed significant changes were horizontal, thickness and angular changes of upper lip, horizontal and angular changes of lower lip, interlabial angle, nasolabial angle labiomental angle, Sri, Ss, Si and soft tissue convexity(P<0.05). 2. All Soft tissue measurements changed significantly before and after treatment had between one and four hard tissue independent variables at statistically significant level, indicating that all soft tissue changes were direct relationship with hard tissue changes 3. Ova jet, horizontal change of maxillary incisor, horizontal change of maxillary root apex and horizontal change of pogonion entered into prediction equations most frequentely indicating that they were more significant variables in prediction of vertical and horizontal changes in the soft tissue with treatment, but vertical changes of mandibular incisor not entered any prediction equations, indicating that it was not considered a good predictor for soft tissue changes with maxillary incisor retraction. 4. Horizontal and vertical changes in subnasale were found to have most independent variables, significant at the 0.05 level in prediction-equations(${\Delta}$Sn(H):Ur, Is(H), Pg(H), UIA,${\Delta}$Sn(V): Is(H), Pg(H), overjet, A), indicating that subnasale changes are influenced by complex hard tissue interaction. 5. Multiple correlation coefficient($R^2$) of the soft tissue prediction equations ranges from 0.2-0.6.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.457-463
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• 2011

Introduction: This study evaluate the soft tissue changes to the upper lip and nose after Le Fort I maxillary posterosuperior rotational movement. Materials and Methods: Twenty Skeletal class III patients, who had undergone bimaxillary surgery with a maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy, were included in the study. The surgical plan for maxilla was posterosuperior rotational movement, with the rotation center in the anterior nasal spine (ANS) of maxilla. Soft and hard tissue changes were measured by evaluating the lateral cephalograms obtained prior to surgery and at least 6 months after surgery. For cephalometric analysis, four hard tissue landmarks ANS, posterior nasal spine [PNS], A point, U1 tip), and five soft tissue landmarks (pronasale [Pn], subnasale [Sn], A' Point, upper lip [UL], stomion superius [StmS]) were marked. A paired t test, Pearson's correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the soft and hard tissue changes and assess the correlation. A P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The U1 tip moved $2.52{\pm}1.54$ mm posteriorly in the horizontal plane (P<0.05). Among the soft tissue landmarks, Pn moved $0.97{\pm}1.1$ mm downward (P<0.05), UL moved $1.98{\pm}1.58$ mm posteriorly (P<0.05) and $1.18{\pm}1.85$ mm inferiorly (P<0.05), and StmS moved $1.68{\pm}1.48$ mm posteriorly (P<0.05) and $1.06{\pm}1.29$ mm inferiorly (P<0.05). The ratios of horizontal soft tissue movement to the hard tissue were 1:0.47 for the A point and A' point, and 1:0.74 for the U1 tip and UL. Vertically, the movement ratio between the A point and A' point was 1:0.38, between U1 tip and UL was 1:0.83, and between U1 tip and StmS was 1:0.79. Conclusion: Posterosuperior rotational movement of the maxilla in Le Fort I osteotomy results in posterior and inferior movement of UL. In addition, nasolabial angle was increased. Nasal tip and base of the nose showed a tendency to move downward and showed significant horizontal movement. The soft tissue changes in the upper lip and nasal area are believed to be induced by posterior movement at the UL area.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.36 no.2 s.115
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• pp.161-169
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate cephalometrically the short term static velopharyngeal changes in 25 patients (10 boys and 15 girls, aged from 5 years 9 months to 12 years 10 months in the beginning of treatment) with skeletal Class III malocclusions who underwent nonsurgical maxillary protraction therapy with a facemask. The linear, angular and ratio measurements were made on lateral cephalograms. Only the change in hard palatal plane angle was negatively correlated with the change in maxillary depth or N-perp to A (p<0.01). The change in velar angle showed a statistically significant increase (p<0.001). This change was influenced more by the soft palatal plane angle than by the hard palatal plane angle (p<0.001). The changes in soft tissue nasopharyngeal depth and hard tissue nasopharyngeal depth showed statistically significant increases (p<0.001). Correlations between the changes in soft tissue (or hard tissue) nasopharyngeal depth and the change in soft palatal plane angle were significant (p<0.05). The increase in hard palate length was statistically significant (p<0.001). The change in hard palate length was negatively correlated with the change in soft tissue nasopharyngeal depth (p<0.05). The change in need ratio S (C) showed a statistically significant increase (p<0.001). But this difference was within the normal range reported by previous studies. These findings indicate that the velopharyngeal competence was maintained even if the anatomical condition of the static velopharyngeal area were changed after maxillary protraction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.3963-3970
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• 2009

This study proposes a method to evaluate the level of 'soft-hard' of color quantitatively by evaluating the shape with edge sharpness automatically and by evaluating color in the color image scale in a drawing in art therapy using a computer. The dependent variable is the rank for the color experts to rate the level of 'soft-hard'. The mean and standard deviation of Value(V), and Chroma(C), colors, main color, clusters, length of edge, and sharp line rate of edge are considered as the independent variable. The appropriate independent variables to explain the dependent variable are selected through the step wise regression analysis. The inter-rater reliability of two raters is checked and the validity of developed system is verified by the rank correlations coefficient between the ranks of rater's and system's. This system can be used to evaluate of the shape or color in a drawing objectively and quantitatively for art therapy assessment, and to give the useful information to the fashion, textile, interior industry as well as color psychology and art therapy.