• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2019

This paper examines the classification of five coniferous species, including larch (Larix kaempferi), red pine (Pinus densiflora), Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis), cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), and cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), using near-infrared (NIR) spectra. Fifty lumber samples were collected for each species. After air-drying the lumber, the NIR spectra (wavelength = 780-2500 nm) were acquired on the wide face of the lumber samples. Soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) was performed to classify the five species using their NIR spectra. Three types of spectra (raw, standard normal variated, and Savitzky-Golay $2^{nd}$ derivative) were used to compare the classification reliability of the SIMCA models. The SIMCA model based on Savitzky-Golay $2^{nd}$ derivatives preprocessing was determined as the best classification model in this study. The accuracy, minimum precision, and minimum recall of the best model (PCA models using Savitzky-Golay $2^{nd}$ derivative preprocessed spectra) were evaluated as 73.00%, 98.54% (Korean pine), and 67.50% (Korean pine), respectively.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2006

Because the surface of pine wood is very soft, there have been many attempts, like as surface coating, resin impregnation, and densificationt, to harden the surface of wood for its interior use. This study was carried out for surface hardening of pine wood by laminating of melamine resin sheet. The effect of laminating method on the characteristics of melamine resin sheet-laminated wood(MLW) was investigated. Flat-sawn softwoods were suitable for MLW making. And the pre-drying of wood at $105^{\circ}C$ for 30min, before laminating, was effective for preparing of defect-free MLW. The abrasion resistance of pine wood was greatly improved by laminating of melamine resin sheet on its surface. Consequently, the laminating of melamine resin sheet was proved to be a favorable method for improvement of surface abrasiveness of pine wood.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제77권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 1988

국내(國內)에서 식재(植載)되고 있는 소나무류(類)(Hard Pine) 6종(種)과 잣나무류(類)(Soft Pine) 5종류(種類)의 Root-tip을 재료(材料)로하여 염색체(染色體)의 Long, Short arm과 총(總)길이를 측정(測定)S/L ratio를 구(求)하고 이차내착(二次猍窄)의 위치(位置)를 찾아내고 Idiogram을 도해(圖解)하여 Long arm의 Descending order의 순서(順序)가 바뀌는 Pattern을 밝혔다. 소나무속(屬)의 염색체(染色體)는 기본수(基本數)가 n=12, 길이가 거의 비슷하고 S/L ratio가 l에 가까운 M형(型)이 10개(個), SM형(型)이거나 SM형(型)에 가까운 길이가 짧은 것 2개(個)가 합(合)해서 Chromosone 1set를 구성(構成)한다. 이차내착(二次猍窄)의 수(數)와 위치(位置), Long arm의 Descending order의 순위(順位)가 바뀌는 Pattern으로 종간(種間)의 식별(識別)이 가능(可能)했고 Long arm의 Descending order Pattern을 비교분석(比較分析)함으로서 산지(産地)에 따라 종내변이(種內變異)를 인정(認定)할 수 있었다. 소나무류(類)와 잣나무류(類) group의 염색체구조상(染色體構造上)의 차이(差異)는 있었지만 외부형태적(外部形態的) 특성(特性)에 차이(差異)만큼 크지는 않았다. 염색체(染色體)는 시약(試藥)의 처리농도(處理濃度), 시간(時間)에 따라 아주 예민한 반응(反應)을 일으키므로 최우점(最遇點)을 맞추기가 어렵고 반복(反復)되는 실험(實驗)에서 정확(正確)히 동일(同一)하게 처리(處理)하기가 어렵다. 따라서 약간(若干)씩 다른 결과(結果)가 나올 수 있다. 또 preparatur 제작상(製作上)의 여러 가지 어려움 때문에 분석상(分析上)에 착오(錯誤)를 일으킬 가능성(可能性)이 있었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.139-146
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• 1995

Seoktanbyung, a traditional rice cake, was named in old literature, since from old times its taste was so good that one was not able to eat it without much regret. To suggest its standard preparing method, we prepared it by 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of the moderate standard of ground pine nuts which had much influence on its own special soft texture. The result of the analysis was as follows: The water content of Seoktanbyung was $31.62{\sim}34.62%$. The degree of colour was L value: $48.17{\sim}56.88$, a value: $6.07{\sim}8.24$, and b value: $12.67{\sim}15.25$, and the higher the degree of the addition of ground pine nuts was, L value and a value were more or less decreased, but b value was increased. The measured result of texture was: as for hardness and gumminess, there was a significance (p<0.05) between Seoktanbyung with and without ground pine nuts, and as for cohesiveness, there was a significance (p<0.05) between Seoktanbyung added 20% of ground pine nuts and another material, but each material showed a similar value of measure. The result of sensory evaluation was: as for sweetness and flavor, there was no significance among material, so ground pine nuts had no influence on the sweetness and flavor of Seoktanbyung, and as for crumbness and chewiness, there was a significance between Seoktanbyung with and without ground pine nuts. The general degree of the taste was: Seoktanbyung added 20% of ground pine nuts was the highest among others.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.402-410
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• 2021

Woolen tapestry curtains possessed by the Seoul Museum of Craft Art were used to hung on the wall or used for carpets in the winter season in the late Joseon dynasty. Since similar artifacts were only used for the curtain as functional aspects, woolen tapestry curtains were a rare case. In this study, scientific analysis on the accessory ornament of woolen tapestry curtains such as components of metal accessories and frame bar were conducted with the microscope, p-XRF, and SEM. Result of frame bar pigments, organic pigments such as ink stick were likely been used in woolen tapestry curtain 1. In woolen tapestry 2, lead red (Minium) was used in the frame bar. The result of metal parts, copper, and zinc were analyzed by p-XRF. This suggests that metal accessories were crafted using brass. Frame bar of woolen tapestry curtain 2 was made of soft pine (Pinus spp.) analyzed with the scanning electron microscope. Artifacts like woolen tapestry curtains are rare in Korea and scientific analysis databases were scarce, so it is important to construct components analysis data of woolen tapestry curtains. It is expected that additional scientific analysis and interpretation on the artifact's crafting technique can be merged with the analytical data gathered in this study to be utilized on the conservation and restoration of not only woolen curtains but curtain artifacts of the late Joseon dynasty in general.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1994

Sapwood samples of pitch pine were treated with disodium octaborate alone by dip-diffusion, or in combination with water-repellent preservative(WRP) and methyl metacrylate(MMA). Treated samples were subjected to an accelerated leaching test for determining the improvement of leaching resistance and to soft rot and mold tests for evaluating the increase in bioefficacy, due to the addition of WRP and MMA applied as a second treatment. The addition of WRP and MMA retarded leaching of boron to some extent from treated samples and this retardation can be explained by improved water repellency of WRP and MMA treated samples. Borate /WRP and borate /MMA systems will not qualify borate treated wood for ground and fresh water contact use but may improve performance of borate treated wood in above-ground applications not subjected to continuous wetting conditions. Bioefficacy against soft rot fungi and mold fungi was improved by a second treatment with WRP. However, improvement in the performance of borate /MMA systems was not observed. Considering improvement in both resistance of leaching and bioefficacy against micro fungi by the treatment of WRP and MMA, simultaneously, the dual treatment of borate treated wood by MMA containing co-biocides might be believed as an ideal treatment system.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-3
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• 1966

According to the test of suitability on the acting volume table based upon D.B.H. and Height, the volume by the standing volume table of soft woods produced in Kangwon Province is larger than the true volume and the volume by the standing volume table prepared in form factor 0.45 is smaller than the true volume on the all species obviously. But the volume by the standing volume table of the red pine produced in Kangwon Province and that of Korean white pine prepared in Forest Expriment Station equal to the true volume well.

• 한국유변학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유변학회 2002년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.113-116
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• 2002

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance of heat-treated wood using the catalyst to decay caused by fungi for sapwood and heartwood of two tree species, Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) and Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi), respectively. Wood samples were immersed for 10 min in sulfuric acid (7.5%) and then heat-treated at $130^{\circ}C$ for 90 min. Fomitopsis palustris, a brown-rot fungus, was used to examine the decay resistance of Korean red pine and Japanese larch wood. Weight and density of wood from the all conditions increased after heat treatment using the catalyst. Weight loss after decay resistance test was also dropped with a heat treatment. The lowest weight loss indicated at heat-treated heartwood of Japanese larch. Heat treatment using the catalyst effectively increased the resistance of wood to decay caused by fungi.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.34-42
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• 1991

Protection of tropical forest affects on significant reduce of tropical hardwood supply, and softwood resources will be increasingly important for the timber security in Korea. U.S. softwood log was most favorite species for Korean softwood log importers in overall import conditions except price stablization and consistency of export policy. Reduced export volume from Pacific Northwest to Korean market has been immediately replenished by rediata pine from New Zealand and Chilean plantation. Siberian timber will hardly play major roles in Korean timber market unless budding structure. softwood plywood and softwood furniture uses are enhanced. Recent rapid rise of labor cost and reducing tariff rrate in Korea provided better opportunities for import lumber in building materials market. Dry dimension lumber was relatively profitable when processed from import U.S. soft-wood log while green lumber was favorable products processed from radiata pine log in Korean lumber market. This means U.S. softwood lumber would have better opportunity to market for '2${\times}$'4 studs when wood frame housing is introduced. On the other hand while radiata pine is competitive on temporary construction lumber such as supporter and concrete forming frame in Korea. Shortage of raw material for the new capacity of board plants in Korea will be it bottle neck. Major log export countries to Korea as U.S. New Zealand and Chile showed high trade intensity indices of composite hoard produces for Korean market. As Korea efforts to diversify import sources, and tariffs are reduced to 8% as scheduled by 1994. countries of scoring higher comparative advantages as Portugal. Brazil, Austria as well as New Zealand will have better opportunity to penetrate into promised Korean composites hoard market.