• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.539-547
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• 2008

Apert syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by craniosynostosis, midface hypoplasia, and syndactyly of the hands and feet. It occurs in about 1 of every 65,000 to 160,000 births and is caused by a mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2(FGFR2) gene. Apert syndrome typically produces acrobrachycephaly(tower skull). The occiput is flattened, and there is a tall appearance to the fore head. Ocular proptosis is a characteristic finding, along with hypertelorism and downward slanting lateral palpebral fissures. The middle third of the face is markedly retruded and hypoplastic, resulting in a relative mandibular prognathism. The reduced size of the nasopharynx and narrowing of the posterior choana can lead to mouth breathing, contributing to an open-mouth apprance. Three fourths of all patients exhibit either a cleft of the soft palate or a bifid uvula. The maxillary hypoplasia leads to a V-shaped arch and crowding of the teeth. A 6-year-old male patient visited to the Department of Pediatric dentistry, Kangnung National University of Dental Hospital. He visited the hospital to get treatment of carious teeth. The purpose of this report is to present a specific dental manifestations about the apert syndrome.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.411-418
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate the amino acid and protein concentrations in amniotic fluid and the potency of the teratogenic effect of ethylenethiourea(2-imidazolidinethione, ETU) in the fetuses due to different dose amounts of this compound. The S.P.F. Sprague-Dawley female rats(10 weeks) were used in this study and these animals were divided into four groups; control group(25pregnant female rats), group I (dosed ETU from day 7 to day 17 of gestation at 10mg/kg/day), group II (dosed ETU from day 7 to day 17 of gestation at 30mg/kg/day), group III (dosed ETU from day 7 to day 17 of gestation at 50mg/kg/ day). 250mg/100mg ETU in group I, 750mg/100ml ETU in group II and 1,250mg/100ml ETU in group III were administered 4ml/kg 13.W by oral route. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The anomalies of the external examination werf meningocele in the head, kinky tail, clubfoot and sharp tail.(Meningocele, in group III, significantly increased from control value at p<0.001). 2. The skeletal variations and delayed ossification were Lumbar ribs, asymmetric sternebrae, asymmetric 13th rib and delayed ossification of skull. Asymmetric sternebrae(group III ) was significantly increased from control value at p<0.05 and delayed ossification of skull (group II and III ) were significantly increased from control value at p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively. 3. The internal soft tissue anomalies were hydroencephaly of 3th lateral ventricle, dilatation of ureter, dilatation of renal pelvis and cleft palate. (Hydroencephaly, 28.1% in group I, 88.3% in group II and 100% in group III ). 4. Protein values in amniotic fluids are not significantly decreased in 10mg/kg group but significantly(p<0.05) decreased in 30mg/kg group and 50mg/kg group from control group. 5. In the levels of amino acid in amniotic fluids, the levels of glntamic acid, iso-lencine, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine of 10mg/kg group are significantly decreased from control group. In 50mg/kg group, except for glycine, valine and methionine, all amino acid levels are significantly(p<0.05) decreased from control group.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.296-305
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• 2016

Narrow zone of attached gingiva and shallow vestibule around the implants might contribute to difficulty of cleasing, periimplant mucositis caused by incomplete cleansing and further peri-implantitis. The aim of this case report is to present modification of soft tissue biotype around the implants by free gingival grafts according to timing of surgical intervention and shape of free gingiva. A 44 year-old male patient had a missing area on lower right second molar area with 1 to 2 mm of narrow attached gingiva zone and wanted to be treated by implant placement. In radiographic analysis, there was enough alveolar bone to install an implant, free gingiva from hard palate was grafted following implant placement using double layer flap. The width of attached gingival was increased to 4 to 5mm and well maintained during 5 months of follow up. A 69 year-old female patient also had a missing area on lower right first and second molar area with 1 to 2 mm narrow attached gingiva. Since she had systematically angina pectoris and dental phobia, minimal invasive free gingival graft after implants placement was planned. After 2 months of implant surgery, free gingival graft surgery was performed with healing abutments connection. The grafted gingiva was composed of two strip shaped free gingiva, and they were immobilized by periodontal pack. The width of attached gingival was increased to 4 to 5mm and well maintained during 10 months of follow up. With prosthesis delivery, the patients recovered ideal periodontal environment around implants and masticatory function. In conclusion, periodontal health and masticatory function could be achieved through implant placement and free gingival graft.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.258-261
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• 2010

Lymphangioma is a rare benign congenital tumor of the lymphatic system, which is commonly diagnosed before 2 years of age. In the natronal report, cystic lymphangioma was usually reported as a huge translucent mass located in the head and neck area. It's occurrence in retropharyngeal space with respiratory obstruction and swallowing difficulty in neonate is extremely rare and postoperative nasopharyngeal reflux has rarely been reported. Complete resection is the standard therapy. However, involvement of the upper airway may be determining prognosis in the extensive lymphangiomas because of the difficulty of complete excision. We present a case of cystic lymphangioma in neonate which was initially asymptomatic but gradually progressed to cause respiratory obstruction due to enlargement. After resection, nasopharyngeal reflux developed with dysfunction of the soft palate and gradually improved with conservative care over 5 months.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.29-39
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• 1989

Ossifying fibroma is a relatively slow growing tumor, and likely to have presented for some years before its clinical diognosis. The usually well circumscribed nature of ossifying fibroma in jaws lends itself to relative ease of excision and hence the favorable therapeutic results. On occasion, however, particulary in juvenile patient, if maxilla the tumor assumes an aggressive behavior. In that case, because the tumor grows invasively, resection with a margin of healthy tissue is indicated. The case presented is 34 - year old female. The patient had noticed a gradual swelling of the right side of the face approximately 2 months in duration correlation with a intermittent pain on the right maxillary molar area. Palpation disclosed firm swelling on the right anterior and lateral walls of the maxillary sinus extended to the maxillary tuberosity area. The radiographic examination revealed soft tissue mass with multiple dense round calcifications with destruction of anterior and posterolateral wall of the right maxillary sinus and right alveolar process, and hard palate. The mass totally obliterated maxillary sinus and extended to the pterygopalatine fossa. The histologic diagnosis from the biopsied specimen revealed ossifying fibroma. The tumor mass was resected by subtotal maxillectomy procedure due to a recent rapid infiltrative growth. In 5 months of postoperative follow - up period, the patient has favorable prognosis.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the upper airway dimensional change according to maxillary superior movement after orthognathic surgery and to identify the relationship between the amount of maxillary movement and upper airway dimensional changes. Methods: The samples consisted of 24 adult patients (9 males and 15 females) who had a skeletal discrepancy and had received presurgical orthodontic treatment. They underwent Le Fort I superior impaction osteotomy and mandibular setback surgery. Cephalometric x-rays were taken at 3 stages - T0 (before orthognathic surgery), T1 (just or within 2 weeks after orthognathic surgery), T2 (6 months after surgery) Results: 1, Pharyngeal airway space (PAS (R)-nasopharynx) was decreased after surgery (T1) but recovered at 6 months after surgery; 2, Pharyngeal airway space (PAS (NL)-palatal plane) was increased after surgery and at 6 months after surgery; 3, Pharyngeal airway space (PAS (OL)-occlusal plane) was increased at T1 and was decreased at T2; 4, Soft palate thickness was increased at T1 but it became the same or thinner at T2; 5, There is no statistically significant relation between the amount of maxillary superior movement and pharyngeal airway space. Conclusions: These findings suggested that the maxillary superior movement of about an average of $4.40{\pm}1.14 mm$ did not affect upper pharyngeal airway space changes.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2011

The uvulopalatal flap (UPF) technique is a modification of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) for the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. In the UPF technique, an uvulopalatal flap is fabricated and sutured to the residual mucosa of the soft palate to expand the antero-posterior dimensions of the oropharyngeal inlet. In the extended uvulopalatal flap (EUPF) technique, an incision at the tonsillar fossa is added to the classical UPF technique followed by the removal of mucosa and submucosal adipose tissue for additional expansion of the lateral dimension. The EUPF technique is more conservative and reversible than UPPP. Therefore, complications, such as velopharyngeal insufficiency, dysphagia, dryness, nasopharyngeal stenosis and postoperative pain, are reduced. In the following case report, the patient was diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea and treated with the EUPF technique. The patient's total respiratory disturbance events per hour (RDI) was decreased to 15.4, the $O_2$ saturation during the sleep was increased, and the excessive daytime sleepiness had disappeared after the surgery without complications. The authors report this case with a review of the relevant literature.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.591-594
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• 1999

An instrumental analysis of Sanyakbyung was carried out along with sensory evaluation to find out how its quality characteristics changed by the addition of glutinous rice flour(0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%). The moisture content of Sanyakbyung decreased in proportion to the increment of glutinous rice flour. In terms of color, L-value increased depending on the increment of glutinous rice whereas a-value and b-value showed a decrease. This could be accounted for by two factors: one is that the protein contained in yam flour contributed to black coloring and the other is that the color of yam flour itself contributed ostensively to the tint of blackish coloring, and also to the tint of yellow and red coloring. ln the two bite compression test, the hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and cohesiveness of Sanyakbyung decreased depending on the increment of glutinous rice flour. The springiness did not show any significant variation among the samples. That is, the more yam flour was added, the more cohesive and gummy Sanyakbyung was produced. There were significant differences(p<0.05) in the sensory characteristics of the samples in which Sanyakbyung with 10% glutinous rice flour was most preferred in color, those with 20% in flavor, and those with 40% in taste. Adhesiveness and consistency in the palate responses also showed significant differences among samples in which the sample with 40% glutinous rice flour was most favored in consistency. When the content of yam increased, the gumminess also increased. Generally, Sanyakbyung with soft but less gummy texture was preferred to strong gummy one which was easily stuck to teeth. In the overall acceptance, Sanyakbyung with 40% glutinous rice four was most preferred.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of the pharyngeal space when the following appliances were inserted: the mandibular advancement appliance (MAA), tongue retaining appliance (TRA), and mandibular advancement-tongue retaining appliance (MATRA). Nine male dental students exhibiting Class I occlusion, normal body mass index (BMI), and no signs and symptoms of snoring were selected for this study. The three kinds of snoring appliances (MAA, TRA and MATRA) were fabricated for each subject. The mandibular advancement of the MAA and MATRA was set at a distance of 5 mm, and the TRA and MATRA were made to hold the tongue in front of the maxillary incisors by 10 to 20 mm. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of the following four states - with no appliance, MAA, TRA, and MATRA - were taken to examine any anatomical changes resulting from the application of the appliances. All four radiographs were traced and analyzed for twenty selected variables related to the pharyngeal space, cranio-cervical posture, and position of the soft palate and hyoid bone. According to the results of this study, there were significant increases in both the upper and lower oropharyngeal spaces when the mandible and tongue were protruded simultaneously, although there was a significant increase only in upper oropharyngeal space when the mandible or tongue was advanced separately. In conclusion, it is suggested that the MATRA may result in more positive effect on the control of snoring and OSA compared to a single use of the MAA or TRA, especially for the patients whose upper airway obstruction occurs in the lower oropharynx.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there were any changes in taste function with buring mouth syndrome(BMS). 133 subjects (31 males and 99 females) were included for the study and they were categorized into 2 groups BMS 33 persons, control 100 persons) and investigated in the Dept. of Oral Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital from April,2005 to February,2006. The electrical taste thresholds were measured using an electrogustometer of 4 different sites in oral cavity (tongue tip, tongue lateral, circumvallate papillar and soft palate). The results were as follows : 1. The electrical taste threshold in BMS group was very significantly low. 2. The electrical taste thresholds in male and female of BMS group were significantly lower each other than those of control group 3. The electrical taste threshold of BMS group according to single/multiple lesions and chronicity were not different. 4. After treatment, electrical taste threshold and NAS decreased more significantly.