• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2004

Dietary supplementation of sodium nitrate with different concentrations 50, 100, 200, 500, 700 and 1000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of single, two, three and four feeds to fifth instar larvae of biovoltine NB$_4$D$_2$ race of the silkworm, B. mori resulted in significant increase in the food conversion, conversion rate and conversion efficiency $K_1$ and $K_2$. However, there were significant decrease in the food assimilation, assimilation rate and assimilation efficiency in the sodium nitrate treated groups as compared with that of the corresponding parameters of the carrier control. This indicates that the administration of sodium nitrate may stimulate metabolic activities, thereby influencing conversion of food into body weight in the bivoltine silkworm, B. mori.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.812-817
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• 2012

Nitrate can serve as a terminal electron acceptor in place of carbon dioxide and inhibit methane emission in the rumen and nitrate reducing bacteria might help enhance the reduction of nitrate/nitrite, which depends on the type of feed offered to animals. In this study the effects of three levels of sodium nitrate (0, 5, 10 mM) on fermentation of three diets varying in their wheat straw to concentrate ratio (700:300, low concentrate, LC; 500:500, medium concentrate, MC and 300:700, high concentrate, HC diet) were investigated in vitro using buffalo rumen liquor as inoculum. Nitrate reducing bacteria, isolated from the rumen of buffalo were tested as a probiotic to study if it could help in enhancing methane inhibition in vitro. Inclusion of sodium nitrate at 5 or 10 mM reduced (p<0.01) methane production (9.56, 7.93 vs. 21.76 ml/g DM; 12.20, 10.42 vs. 25.76 ml/g DM; 15.49, 12.33 vs. 26.86 ml/g DM) in LC, MC and HC diets, respectively. Inclusion of nitrate at both 5 and 10 mM also reduced (p<0.01) gas production in all the diets, but in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of feed reduced (p<0.05) only in LC and MC diets. In the medium at 10 mM sodium nitrate level, there was 0.76 to 1.18 mM of residual nitrate and nitrite (p<0.01) also accumulated. In an attempt to eliminate residual nitrate and nitrite in the medium, the nitrate reducing bacteria were isolated from buffalo adapted to nitrate feeding and introduced individually (3 ml containing 1.2 to $2.3{\times}10^6$ cfu/ml) into in vitro incubations containing the MC diet with 10 mM sodium nitrate. Addition of live culture of NRBB 57 resulted in complete removal of nitrate and nitrite from the medium with a further reduction in methane and no effect on IVTD compared to the control treatments containing nitrate with autoclaved cultures or nitrate without any culture. The data revealed that nitrate reducing bacteria can be used as probiotic to prevent the accumulation of nitrite when sodium nitrate is used to reduce in vitro methane emissions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1611-1616
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• 2012

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of sodium nitrate consumption on egg quality and quantity, and some blood parameters of native breeder hens of West Azerbaijan province. One hundred native hens were used from wk 25 to 32 of age. These birds were divided into two groups. One group was fed the control diet (CD) but the other fed the same diet supplemented with 4.2 g/kg sodium nitrate (ND). After 2 wks of adaptation, eggs were collected daily and egg mass and egg production were measured weekly for five weeks. To assess the egg quality parameters, two eggs from each replicate pen were collected for three consecutive days each week. At the end of experimental period (wk 32 of age), blood samples of 5 birds per replicate were collected from the wing vein into anticoagulant tubes. Dietary sodium nitrate didn't affect the egg production, shell stiffness, shell thickness and Haugh unit (p>0.05) but it decreased the both egg production and egg mass during the last three weeks (wks 30, 31 and 32) (p<0.05). Furthermore, a treatment effect was observed for yolk colour (p<0.05). Both the egg production and egg mass were increased over time (p<0.05). No significant treatment${\times}$time interaction was observed for egg weight, egg production and egg mass (p>0.05). No effect of time or treatment${\times}$time were observed for shell stiffness (p>0.05). Over time, shell thickness was decreased while Haugh unit increased (p<0.05). None of the blood TP and TG or the activity of ALT, AST and LDH enzymes were affected by dietary consumption of sodium nitrate at wk 32 of age (p>0.05). Sodium nitrite decreased both the TAC and TC at wk 32 of age (p<0.001). It was concluded that the lower body antioxidant capacity of nitrate fed birds resulted in the lower performance (egg weight, egg production and egg mass).

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.27-39
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• 1990

원자력산업의 시설증대로 우라늄 오염의 가능성이 증가되고 있음에도 불구하고 종사자 및 국민에 대한 안전대책 및 의료적 처치에 관한 연구가 매우 미흡한 실정에 있어 이에 대한 응급처치방안을 수립코자 우라늄을 투여한 후 제염제를 투여하여 관찰하였던 바 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 우라늄오염에 의한 체중변화에 미치는 제염제의 영향에 있어서 sodium bicarbonate와 생리적 식염수를 병행투여한 군과 우라늄을 투여하고 30분이 지나서 dithiothreitol을 투여한 군에서는 우라늄단독투여군에 비해 체중이 현저하게 증가하였다.(P<0.05). 2. 모든 실험군은 우라늄오염에 의한 음수량과 배뇨량의 변화를 유의성 있게 호전시켰으며(P<0.05), 특히 sodium bicarbonate와 생리적 식염수를 병행투여한 군과 우라늄을 투여하고 30분이 지나서 dithiothreitol의 투여한 군이 가장 높은 증가경향을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 3. 우라늄오염에 의한 BUN농도 변화에 미치는 제염제의 효과는 sodium bicarbonate와 생리적 식염수를 병행투여한 군과 우라늄을 투여하고 30분이 지나서 dithiothreitol를 투여한 군이 공히 우라늄단독투여군보다 BUN 농도가 매우 감소되었다(P<0.01). 4. 우라늄을 투여하고 30분이 지나서 dithiothreitol를 투여한 군은 우라늄오염에 의한 serum creatinine의 농도증가를 유의하게 감소시켰으나 (P<0.01), sodium bicarbonate와 생리적 식염수를 병행투여한 군은 다소 감소하는 경향으로 나타났다. 5. 우라늄오염에 의한 urine creatinine농도 변화에 미치는 제염제의 효과에 있어서 sodium bicarbonate와 생리적 식염수를 병행투여한 군과 우라늄을 투여하고 30분이 지나서 dithiothreitol를 투여한 군에서는 우라늄단독투여군에 비해 cretinine의 배설이 상당히 증가하였다(P<0.05). 6. 우라늄오염에 의한 신장의 소견에 있어 우라늄단독투여군은 근위곡세뇨관상피의 공포화 및 종창, microvilli와 brush border의 손실, 세뇨관 상피의 괴사가 관찰되었으며, 간장의 충혈, 중심성 괴사 및 모세관 확장증도 관찰되었다. 그리고 sodium bicarbonate와 생리적 식염수를 병행투여한 군과 우라늄을 투여하고 30분이 지나서 dithiothreitol를 투여한 군에서는 우라늄 단독투여군에 비해 높은 방호효과가 관찰되었으나 다른 실험군에서는 큰 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 우라늄의 체내오염시에는 sodium bicarbonate와 생리적 식염수를 가능한 빨리 병행투여하거나 dithiothreitol을 체내오염후 30분이 지나서 투여하는 방법이 우라늄오염에 대한 제염에 매우 유효할 것으로 생각되며, 특히 우라늄에 의한 인체장해를 유의하게 경감시켜줄 것으로 사료되었다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.13-17
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• 1972

Rice callus was treated with 0.56M sucrose solution mixed with 5% pectinase and 10% cellulase, and the protoplasts isolated were transferred to 0.25 M sodium nitrate to induce protoplasmic fusion. Callus tissues were macerated well and degradation of cell walls also proceeded satisfactorily. When the protoplasts were transferred to sodium nitrate solution, many giant roundish protoplasts and some multilobed complex protoplasmic bodies were observed. Most of the fusions took place immediately after the protoplasts were transferred to sodium nitrate. Some multilobed protoplasts which failed to fuse in the initial stage took longer time, about two hours, to get completely fused and rounded-off. Multilobed protoplasmic bodies were invariably multinucleate, while giant round protoplasts had either several nuclei or had one nucleus of large size. Nuclear fusion, also, seemed to occur immediately after the protoplasts were transferred to sodium nitrate.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.151-155
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• 2000

Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae) is a marine diatom which has been supplied as a food of bivalves. In this study, growth responses of P. tricornutum to some nitrogen sources and sodium were investigated by measuring cell number and contents of chlorophyll a in culture. In medium with nitrogen and sodium, brisk cell division occurred and maximum growth rate was respectively found in the medium with 150 mg/l of nitrate and 10 mg/l of ammonium and urea. At 10-500 mg/l ammonium and urea and 200-500 mg/l nitrate, specific growth rate decreased slightly. However, no cell division observed in sodium-deficient medium, regardless of presence or absence of nitrogen. This suggests that sodium is required for the nitrogen uptake of P. tricornutum, resulting nitrogen uptake leading to cell division. Also the upper limits of ammonium and nitrate for the growth of P. tricornutum seem to be 10 mg/l and 500 mg/l, respectively.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.95-105
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• 1998

This research was investigated which denitrification of wastewater containing nitrate, using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket process. The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket process is also used for both artifical and industrial wastewater. Main ingredients investigated in the artifical and industrial wastewater experiment were the determination of optimum organism/nitrate ratios, nitrate removal efficiency by various hydrogen donor addition and characteristics of granular sludge and gas production in case of various hydrogen donor addition. From the experimental results the following conclusions were made: In case of adding methanol, ethanol and sodium acetate as hydrogen donor granular sludge was formed 50 days after seeding. Average diameter of granular sludge was 4.0 mm and settling velocity was 37 cm/min. Production rate of gas 3.3 L/d in case of adding methanol as hydrogen donor in wastewater containing 150mg/L nitrate. However adding ethanol and sodium acetate as hydrogen donor, gas production rate were 2.2-2.7L/d respectively. In case of adding methanol as hydrogen donor treatability of artifical wastewater contained 150mg/L as nitrate was about 93%. But in addition of sodium acetate in wastewater contained 40mg.L as nitrate, nitrate removal efficiency was 80%.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 1997

The study was investigated with denitrification of wastewater containing nitrate using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket process. Contents of this study were the determination of nitrate removal efficiency by various hydrogen donor addition, relationship between HRT, nitrate loading rate and growth constant of microorganism in case or various hydrogen donor addition etc. Results from this study were summurized as follows. In case of adding methanol, ethanol, sodium acetate as hydrogen donor, treatability of wastewater contained 200mg/l as nitrate was about 91%. But in addition of ethanol, sodium acetate in wastewater contained 40mg/l as nitrate, nitrate removal efficiency was 80%. While the treatment of nitrate showed the yield coefficient of microorganisms(Y) as 234.8, 234.35, and 247.68 g/VSS/g nitrate, respectively, showed specific growth rate(K) as 0.885, 0.934 and 0.917 respectively.

• 분석과학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 1999

자외선검출법과 이온크로마토그래피를 이용하여 소금물 중에 함유하는 몇 가지 음이온의 분리정량에 대하여 검토하였다. 분리관은 음이온교환수지(Dionex, AS7)를 사용하였고 용리액으로서는 sodium chloride/sodium phosphate 완충용액을 사용하였다. 단계적용리법을 적용하므로서 최적분리가 가능하였으며 8가지 음이온(iodate, bromate, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, chromate, iodide와 thiocyanate)이 40분내에 분리되었다. 여러 가지 농도의 NaCl용액(0.0 M-1.0 M)속에 존재하는 음이온들의 거동을 살펴보았다. NaCl의 농도가 진할수록 bromate, nitrite, bromide와 nitrate의 피크의 모양이 점점 넓어졌으나 chromate, iodide와 thiocyanate는 1.0 M NaCl 용액의 농도까지 피크모양이 거의 변하지 않았다. 또한 여러 가지 농도의 NaCl용액에서 음이온들의 검량곡선은 좋은 직선성을 보여주었으며, $50{\mu}L$ 시료용액에서 검출한계는 $10-720{\mu}g/L$ 이었다. 바닷물중의 bromide, nitrate와 iodide의 측정에 이방법을 적용하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.955-976
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary sodium nitrite and meat on human health. Sodium nitrite in processed meat is known to be one of the main precursors of carcinogens, such as N-nitroso compounds. However, we previously found that processed meat is not the primary source of sodium nitrite; nitrate or the conversion of nitrate in vegetables are contribute to generate more than 70% Sodium nitrite or nitrate containing compounds in body. Although the heavy consumption of meat is likely to cause various diseases, meat intake is not the only cause of colorectal cancer. Our review indicates that sodium nitrite derived from foods and endogenous nitric oxide may exhibit positive effects on human health, such as preventing cardiovascular disease or improving reproductive function. Therefore, further epidemiological studies considering various factors, such as cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption, stress index, salt intake, and genetic factors, are required to reliably elucidate the effects of dietary sodium nitrite and meat on the incidence of diseases, such as colorectal cancer.