• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.459-469
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• 2013

This study was performed to estimate the salt content and evaluate the nutritional quality of free lunch meals served by welfare facilities for the elderly. We collected food items from 8 welfare facilities in Gyeonggi-do, and calculated the total salt content from the salinity and weight of individual food items. The average salt content from lunch meals was 5.68 g, which was over the recommended daily salt intake by the WHO. The greatest contributor to the salt content among the menu groups was soup and stew (37.5%). Soup, stew, deep-fried foods, and sauces were major sources of salt, while the most salty dishes were sauces, deep-fried food, salt-fermented food, and kimchi. The nutrient content was sufficient, except for calcium in both men and women, which was equal to approximately 1/3 of the dietary recommended intakes (DRIs) for Korean adults of their mean age. In addition, the index of nutritional quality (INQ) and nutrient adequacy ratios (NAR) of most nutrients were satisfactory, except for those of calcium and sodium. The INQs of calcium and sodium were 0.64 and 4.41, respectively, while the mean adequacy ratio of a meal was 0.95. These results suggest that multilateral efforts to lower sodium intake be considered and calcium sources be added, in order to improve the quality of meals served to the elderly at welfare facilities.

• 대한심미치과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.12-22
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• 1995

The purposes of this study were to compare the bleaching efficacy of sodium perborate when mixed either with Superoxol or distilled water and to evaluate the efficacy of different location of intracoronal base on the presence of apical leakage of tested bleaching agents. Forty eight extracted human permanent incisors were stained via whole blood and canal fillings with conventional gutta percha were performed after routine biomechanical perparations. The experimental intracoronal base was placed either at the cementoenamel junction(group 3, 4) or 2mm below cementoenamel junction(group 1, 2). Walking bleaching was performed by two different combinations of bleaching agents : sodium perborate with distilled water in group 1, 3 and sodium perbrate with Superoxol in group 2, 4. The roots of the teeth were evaluated for the presence of color change to assess the leakage of bleaching agents and the cervical one-thirds of the crown were evaluated for bleaching effect from the whiteness Indea calculated by spectrophotometer. The results were as follows : 1. At the end of 12 days, all the sample teeth demonstrated the increase of Whiteness Index at cervical 1/3 of crown although there were some minor differences among groups. 2. Regardless of location of the base, sodium perborate with superoxol(group 2, 4) showed better results in bleaching than the sodium perborate with distilled water(group 1, 3). 3. Bleaching agent leaked into the root area when the base was placed 2mm below cementoenamel junction but no leakage was found when the base was placed at the cementoenamel junction.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.145-155
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• 1993

The purposes of this study were to compare the bleaching efficacy of sodium perborate when mixed either with Superoxol or distilled water and to evaluate the efficacy of different location of intracoronal base on the presence of apical leakage of tested bleaching agents. Forty eight extracted human permanent incisors were stained via whole blood and canal fillings with conventional gutta percha were performed after routine biomechanical perparations. The experimental intracoronal base was placed either at the cementoenamel junction(group 3, 4) or 2mm below cementoenamel junction(group 1, 2). Walking bleaching was performed by two different combinations of bleaching agents : sodium perborate with distilled water in group 1, 3 and sodium perbrate with Superoxol in group 2, 4. The roots of the teeth were evaluated for the presence of color change to assess the leakage of bleaching agnets and the cervical one-thirds of the crown were evaluated for bleaching effect from the whiteness Indea calculated by spectrophotometer. The results were as follows : 1. At the end of 12 days, all the sample teeth demonstrated the increase of Whiteness Index at cervical 1/3 of crown although there were some minor differences among groups. 2. Regardless of location of the base, sodium perborate with superoxol)group 2, 4) showed better results in bleaching than the sodium perborate with distilled water(group 1, 3). 3. Bleaching agent leaked into the root area when the base was placed 2mm below cementoenamel junction but no leakage was found when the base was placed at the cementoenamel junction.

• 병원약사회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.430-440
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• 2018

Background : Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbance in hospitalized patients and has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Tolvaptan, a vasopressin receptor antagonist, is increasingly used for the treatment of euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tolvaptan for the management of hyponatremia. Methods : This study was a retrospective evaluation of 106 patients who received at least one dose of tolvaptan for hyponatremia at a single tertiary academic hospital between January 2014 and June 2015. The primary endpoint was the change in serum sodium concentration after tolvaptan administration within 24 hours, with secondary endpoints of overcorrection and adverse effects. Results : The mean initial dose of tolvaptan was $20.2{\pm}7.2mg$ and the median duration of treatment was 15 days (range, 1-261 days). The maximal changes in sodium levels at 24 and 48 hours were $8.2{\pm}4.7mmol/L$ and $10.5{\pm}15.3mmol/L$, respectively. Of 99 patients in whom sodium concentrations were followed up, sodium overcorrection was observed in 26 (26.3%) patients, which was associated with concomitant use of an enzyme inhibitor (odds ratio [OR] = 4.80, 95% Cl: 1.27-18.15). However, sex, body mass index (BMI), serum albumin, a daily dose of tolvaptan, and concomitant use of hypertonic saline did not show any significant difference in overcorrection. The most commonly reported adverse effects were mild and related to aquaresis, such as polyuria, thirst, and constipation. However, severe adverse effects such as hyperkalemia, hypotension, and one death related to osmotic demyelination were also reported. Conclusions : Tolvaptan is effective for treating hyponatremia. Nevertheless, the drug should be used cautiously due to serious adverse effects related to sodium overcorrection.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2006

본 연구는 알긴산나트륨을 분석하기 위한 시료 전처리방법 및 HPLC 분석조건을 확립 한 후, 이 방법을 토대로 다양한 시료들을 분석하여, 분석법의 적용가능 여부를 검토하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 전처리방법, 칼럼 및 HPLC 분석조건을 달리하여 시험하였고, MCI GEL 컬럼을 사용하여 알긴산나트륨 표준용액을 3회 반복 하여 HPLC로 분석한 결과, 표준편차는 14.33, 상대표준 편차는 0.35%를 나타냈다. 검량선을 통해 상관계수$(R^2)$가 0.9995임을 확인하였으며 검출한계는 0.005%의 결과를 보였다. 또한 밀가루 반죽에 표준시료를 첨가 후 회수율을 측정한 결과, 106.67%의 결과를 보였다. 이상의 조건으로 117개 품목에 대한 알긴산나트륨의 함량을 조사한 결과, 대부분의 시료에서 알긴산나트륨이 검출되지 않았으며 알긴산나트륨이 가장 많이 검출된 다시마 조림(44.80%)의 경우 인위적인 첨가물이 아닌 다시마 자체에서 추출된 것으로 사료되며, 이를 확인해 보고자 건조된 다시마와 건조된 미역을 구입하여 분석한 결과 각각 32.6%와 20.9%의 결과를 보였다. 그 외에 초코칩 7.30%, 냉면 2.40%, 가락국수 0.33%의 결과를 나타내었으며 이는 과자류나 면류의 식품첨가물로서 초코칩 쿠키의 경우에는 촉촉함과 부드러움을 유지하기 위하여 알긴산나트륨이 첨가되었을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess an association between nutrient intake and prevalence risk of deciduous dental caries among preschool children. Methods: A total of 922 children aged 3 to 5 years was selected from the database of Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHAINS). Data were included socio-demographic characteristics, oral health related behaviour, nutrient intake(carbohydrate, protein, fat, calcium, phosphate, iron, sodium and potassium), and oral health status(dft index). To assess the crude and adjusted associations, logistic regression analysis were applied considering a complex sampling design. Results: Children who were more consumed protein, calcium, phosphate, iron and sodium had slightly lower prevalence risk of deciduous dental caries after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and oral health related behaviour. Moreover, prevalence risk of the highest intake of phosphate and sodium(3rd tertiles) was significant lower than that of the lowest intake(1st tertiles). Conclusion: The nutrient intake was slightly associated with the prevalence risk of deciduous dental caries.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.668-677
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• 2001

This study conducted to assess the effectiveness of nutrition education program for elderly females with various diseases. Forty subjects(hypertension ; 20, diabetes ; 12, hyperlipidemia ; 8) out of 56 completed the 7 weeks nutrition education program. The nutrition education program was based for healthy food habits and dietary guidelines for each specific disease. It also included practicing individualized menu planning and exercising program. Energy, calcium, iron, vitamin A and ash intakes significantly increased in the hypertension group. total sodium intake did not decrease, however sodium intake per kcal decreased significantly(p〈0.05). Elderly with diabetes did not show any changes in dietary intakes. Dietary protein, plant fat, ash, and sodium intakes were significantly elevated(p〈0.05), but cholesterol intakes significantly decreased(p〈0.05) in the hyperlipidemic group. Elderly with hypertension agreed strongly with changes of food habits such as increasing milk intake, and decreasing Kimchi, soup, pickles and salty food, and table salt intakes after nutrition education. Diabetic elderly showed significantly improved food habit scores in decreasing white rice intake, sugar intake and increasing sea-weed consumption, vegetable consumption and exercise. Hyperlipidemic elderly did not show much improvement in food habit scores except in biochemical indices. However, mean serum glucose and atherogenic index decreased in the diabetic and hyperlipidemic groups after education, respectively.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• 제20권spc1호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2019

A solid-state route was used to prepare sodium titanium oxide (NTO, Na2Ti3O7) as a solar heat protecting material with an impressive solar reflectance (TSR = 94.3%) using a high refractive index rutile TiO2. The solar reflectance of the synthesized NTO was measured using UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. Solar reflectance property of the synthesized compound depends on the calcination temperature. The solar reflectance property of the synthesized NTO powder was compared with commercial rutile TiO2. The compound synthesized at 900 ℃ for 24 hrs had remarkable solar reflectance 94.3% than that calcined below 900 ℃. Crystalline nature, structural property, morphology and optical properties of NTO powders were characterized and analyzed using XRD, FE-SEM, EDS and UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. From the results, we guessed that NTO would be a suitable "solar heat protecting candidate" for energy-saving applications in coating industries.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.43-57
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• 2021

Evaluation of groundwater quality is vital due to its diverse use for several purposes. In the present study, groundwater quality and suitability from the Peshawar basin, Pakistan, were evaluated for drinking and irrigation purposes. The water samples were analysed for major cations (Ca, Mg, Na and K) and anions (chloride, bicarbonate and sulphate) along with other physicochemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and total hardness). About 95% of the water samples were found to be within the WHO, US-EPA and Pak-EPA permissible levels for drinking purposes. Seventy percent (70%) of the water samples belonged to the hard water category. Irrigation water quality parameters, such as, chloride, residual sodium bicarbonate, sodium adsorption ratio, percent sodium, magnesium adsorption ratio, Kelly's ration and permeability index were evaluated which demonstrated that the groundwater was highly to moderately suitable for irrigation. A correlation study was conducted to find out the mutual associations among the variables. Piper diagram indicated the overall chemical nature of the study area was calcium-magnesium bicarbonate type. Cluster analysis revealed mutual apportionment of various parameters in the groundwater of the Peshawar basin, Pakistan.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.409-419
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 경기지역 대학생 228명(남 71명, 여 157명)을 대상으로 음식빈도조사지(DFQ-125)를 이용하여 나트륨 섭취량을 조사하고 음식(군)별 나트륨 섭취량, 나트륨의 급원 및 변이 음식을 분석하였다. 남학생은 식사와 함께 섭취하는 국류(P<0.05), 어패류 반찬(P<0.05), 고기류(P<0.05), 콩류(P<0.05)에서 여학생보다 더 많은 나트륨을 섭취하고 있었다. 나트륨의 급원 음식 1, 2위는 남녀 모두 배추김치와 라면류였고 찌개/탕류 중에는 김치찌개가 급원 음식 순위 1위로 동일하였으나, 남학생은 라면으로부터 섭취하는 나트륨의 양이 상대적으로 높았고 여학생은 남학생과 달리 스낵 과자가 급원 음식 중 5위로 높은 순위에 속하였다. 또한 급원 음식 20위 내에 국 종류가 속하지 않은 여학생과 달리 남학생에서는 고염군이 좋아하는 음식으로 알려진 국, 볶음이나 튀김음식이 포함되어 있었다. 남녀 모두에서 고염군은 저염군보다 김치류 및 김치를 이용한 음식, 국물음식 및 자반고등어 조림으로부터 많은 나트륨을 섭취하고 있었다. 개인의 나트륨 섭취량에 큰 영향을 주는 음식인 변이 음식의 종류와 순위는 남녀 간 큰 차이가 있었는데, 남학생의 경우 갈비탕> 생선(참치)통조림> 라면류> 순대+쌈장 순이었고 여학생의 경우 순대+소금> 닭볶음탕>, 된장찌개> 배추김치> 피자 순으로 나타났다. 특히 변이 음식 1위는 남학생에서 갈비탕, 여학생에서 순대+소금이었는데 이들은 모두 기호에 따라 식탁에서 소금을 추가하는 음식으로, 대국민 저염 교육의 효과를 높이기 위해서는 이미 간이 맞춰진 음식에 소금을 더 첨가하지 않도록 하는 실천지침이 포함되어야 할 것이다. 한편, 남학생은 여학생보다 총나트륨 섭취량, 체질량지수, 수축기혈압이 모두 높았으며 음료수류 섭취량(P<0.01)은 물론 음료수로부터 얻는 나트륨의 양도 많은 것으로 나타나(P<0.01) 성별에 따라 나트륨 섭취량 및 음료수 섭취량과 혈압, 비만 간의 상호 관련성을 밝히는 후속 연구가 필요할 것이다. 추가로 효과적인 나트륨 저감 전략을 위해서는 나트륨과 혈압 간의 상관관계 연구로 대상자별 급원 음식뿐 아니라 변이 음식에 대한 조사가 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.