• 펄프종이기술
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2004

Waste papers(MOW and ONP) were deinked with alkaline cellulolytic enzyme from Coprinus cinereus 2249. The effectiveness of alkaline enzyme on sticky contaminant removal and bleaching of recycling pulp was investigated. The conclusions obtained from the results are as follows. The brightness of deinked pulps MOW and ONP was most high in 0.4IU enzyme treatment. \circled2 The removal effect of sticky contaminant was enhanced with alkaline cellulolytic enzyme treatment. Bleaching with sodium hydrosulfite was most effective in one and two stage bleaching after enzyme treatment of mixed wastepaper of MOW and colored paper. \circled4 The brightness of alkaline enzyme deinked ONP was increased 20％ with $H_2O$$_2$ bleaching.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2006

In synthetic/spandex blends fibers, contents of the synthetic fiber by percentage is higher than those of spandex. Thus, the dyeing process of the blends fiber is mainly focused on the synthetic fiber, but not the spandex. In this study, we used several series of vat dyes for dyeing the nylon/spandex blend fabrics and their dyeing properties(fk value) were investigated at various reduction agents, temperatures, pH which have the potential for deep shade dyeing effects. The formamidinesulfinic acid were found to be effective to increase the fk values of the blend fiber compared to sodium hydrosulfite and Rongalit C. Higher temperature($100^{\circ}C$) and lower pH(pH 4) were observed as suitable conditions for maximum fk values.

• 한국광물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광물학회.한국암석학회 2001년도 공동학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.45-47
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• 2001

Jeju island is composed mainly of volcanic rocks such as basalts, trachytic andesites, tracytes, and sedimentary rocks. About 80% of Jeju soils are classified as Andisols. The amount of annual precipitation in Jeju island is about 1872mm, which is 1.5 times the annual precipitation of south Korea. There is a significant difference In amount of precipitation with regions even within Jeju island. In study area, the annual amount of rainfall is about 1280mm, the lowest in Jeju island while south part of the island has the annual precipitation of 2056mm, though they are only tens of kilometers apart. The parent materials of soils in study area are pyroclastic rocks and tuffs. The soils of non-andic properties have developed in this area since pedogenic process of pyroclastic materials is strongly influenced by climatic factor, especially precipitation. In order to investigate the mineralogical characteristics of soils, X-ray analysis for <0.2 and 2-0.2$\mu\textrm{m}$ size fractions was performed with ethylene glycol solvation, K-, Mg-saturation, heat treatment(110, 330, 550$^{\circ}C$). Acid-oxalate and DCB(sodium hydrosulfite, sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate) dissolution method was used to assess tile total amounts or Al, si, and hydroxy interlayer or 2:1 layer silicates. XRD was also applied for samples treated with DCB only and DCB-oxalate sequentially. XRD patterns showed that 2:1 and 1:1 layer silicates were found, which are different from soils of Andisols. Vermiculite, chlorite, hydroxy interlayered minreals, and interstratified minerals(vermiculite/chlorite) were observed in 2-0.2$\mu\textrm{m}$ size fractions. After DCB treatments, ethylene glycolated samples with Mg-saturation showed expanded d-spacing, suggesting the possibility of hydroxy interlayered minerals. The amounts of hydroxy interlayered minerals increased in surface soil. Unlike Andisols, short range ordered minerals such as allophane, imogolite and gibbsite were hardly found. Mica and kaolinte existed in small amounts. Results are summarized in Fig 1 and Fig. 2.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2001

The purification, dissolution and powdering of stained waste silk obtained from weaving and dyeing process were studied for the surface modification of textile fabric and plastic materials. The whiteness of stained waste silk could be improved through degumming and bleaching with sodium hydrosulfite. The water-soluble fibroin solution can be obtained by dissoving the degummed waste silk in a boiling solution of 50% calcium chloride for 60 minutes. The salts and heavy metals contained in fibroin solution were removed by electric dialysis, wool fiber filtration and gel filtration chromatography. The fibroin powder was prepared by using a fine grinder after the alkali treatment for weakening the silk fiber. The fine fibroin powder of particle size around 30 ㎛ was obtained with a ultra fine-mill, while it was finer below 10 ㎛ with a ball-mill. The dissolved or powdered silk was applied to the surface of fabric with addition of the binder (a urethane resin). The moisture content of polyester and nylon fabrics treated with the silk solution was improved due to hygroscopic property of silk. The fine fibroin powder mixed with the binder ws coated on the surface of synthetic film by use of the air pressed sprayer. It was revealed that the hygroscopicity as well as the softness of fibroin powder coated film was much improved. Therefore, it is thought that the fine silk fibroin powder is applicable as an coating agent for the surface modification of plastic and synthetic leather.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.612-621
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• 2011

The process of making or cultivating indigo dyes is very cumbersome and complex. The dye extraction and dyeing methods using general plant dye, moth repellent dye, fast acting natural dye, and other dyes are very different. This research investigates the extraction of indigo dye and liquid dye extraction of polygonum(indigo) plants using calcium oxide water. While extracting indigo dye the concentration of purified indigo dye may be controlled by adjusting the pH level. Due to the various uses of dyes the adjustment of surface color must be considered. In regard to the change according to different concentrations of reducing agents, it was found that cotton fabrics and ramie fabrics show the highest color difference at 0.4% and 0.3% respectively. As the reduction temperature increases, the color difference increases as well. The maximum color difference was found to appear at $90^{\circ}C$. Cotton fabrics and ramie fabrics showed 70.55 and 67.01 respectively. The color difference increases as the concentration of dyes increases, but at a concentration of 300%, cotton fabrics was found to show 6.22PB in H value using the Munsell color system, containing purple and blue color. The pH of the polygonum dyes extracted through this experiment were adjusted by adding calcium oxide to the experimental water, without directly adding calcium oxide to the liquid polygonum extract. In a refine state, it was mixed with polygonum extract to extract a more refine and highly concentrated indigo dye. When lye and reducing agents are added to extracted indigo dye and sealed for long-term storage, it can be effective and easily used for dyeing.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.261-270
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• 2020

식품첨가물 중 주용도로 보존료가 제시되어 있는 발색제 3품목, 보존료 17품목 및 표백제 6품목을 대상으로 가공식품 유형별 사용 현황을 조사하였다. 발색제 3품목 중 아질산나트륨이 257건으로 가장 많이 사용되었으며, 양념젓갈(71.21%), 즉석섭취식품(7.78%), 빵류(7.00%) 등에 사용하였다. 보존료로 사용되는 안식향산류 중 안식향산나트륨의 사용 건수는 1,215건으로 안식향산류(총 1,236건)의 대부분을 차지하였고, 음료베이스(39.51%), 혼합음료(22.47%), 인삼·홍삼음료(8.89%) 등 음료류에 81.16%를 사용하였다. 데히드로초산나트륨은 총 57건 중 빵류(49.12%)와 마가린(21.05%)에 주로 사용하였다. 자몽종자추출물은 3,291건 사용되어 보존료 중 가장 많이 사용된 것으로 나타났다. 자몽종자추출물은 소스(54.65%), 액상차(10.46%), 기타가공품(5.15%), 인삼·홍삼음료(3.83%) 등 가공식품 식품유형 44종류에 사용되었다. 파라옥시안식향산에틸의 사용 건수는 2,957건으로서 파라옥시안식향산류의 대부분을 차지하였고, 소스(92.15%), 혼합간장(2.77%), 절임식품(1.52%) 등의 식품유형에 96.44%를 사용하였다. 프로피온산류 3종은 거의 대부분 빵류에 사용되었다. 소브산칼륨은 789건 중 절임식품(40.43%), 어묵(34.09%), 조미건어포(7.22%), 소스(4.06%) 등 주로 절임식품과 수산물가공식품류(총 47.15%)에 사용한 것으로 나타났다. 소브산은 27건의 사용사례 모두 어묵(100%)에 사용된 것으로 나타났다. 표백제로 사용되는 아황산염류 6품목 중 산성아황산나트륨과 차아황산나트륨은 주로 과자류, 빵류 또는 떡류에, 메타중아황산칼륨, 메타중아황산나트륨 및 무수아황산은 주로 과실주 등 주류에, 아황산나트륨은 절임식품에 주로 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 보존료를 주용도로 하는 식품첨가물을 가공식품에 사용하는데 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2005

전통 쪽 염료제조 및 염색 방법을 개선하기 위하여 시험한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 전통 족 염료 제조에 사용하는 꼬막껍질태운가루의 3 g/l 넣을 경우의 수용액의 pH 12.30 정도이었다. 2. 쪽 풀을 2일간 물에 침지를 하였을 경우가 염료의 K/S 값이 2.49로 가장 높았고, 명도 값이 5.03으로 가장 낮았으므로 색상이 가장 짙었다. 3. 볏짚 잿물과 꼬막 껍질 태운가루 양과의 관계를 염료 염색 상태를 보았을 때 3일째부터 염색이 되어5일 째까지의 염색이 가능 하였다. 4. 발효 온도 별로 꼬막껍질 태운가루의 사용량에 따른 발효 상태를 본 결과는 $30^{\circ}C$에서 발효할 경우 3~4g/l일 경우가 K/S 값이 가장 높았다. 5. 쪽 염료 발효 시 사용한 물엿 양은 20 g/l을 사용한 구가 염색 직물의 K/S값이 가장 높은 3.10이었으며, 염색 온도는 $30$~$50^{\circ}C$에서 비슷하며, 염료의 구성 성분도 인디루빈과 인디고 2개의 색소로 구성되었다. 6. 염료의 색소 및 염색 직물의 항균력은 99.8%로 우수하였고, 색소간의 차이는 없었으나 소취성은 sodium hydrosulfite(개선)첨가 발효 방법이 높았다.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.486-490
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• 1998

콜로이드법을 이용하여 인산형 연료전지에서 전극촉매로 사용되는 Pt/C 분말을 제조하였다. 이 때 환원제로 사용되는 $Na_2S_2O_4$ (sodium hydrosulfite)로부터 유입되는 황성분이 연료전지의 장기운전시 촉매독으로 작용하는 것으로 알려져 었다. 따라서 다음의 3가지 방법을 이용하여 황을 제거하였다. 첫 번째, 열처리에 의한 황의 제거시 온도가 올라갈수록 황의 제거 효과가 좋지만 너무 높은 온도에서는 백금입자의 크기가 성장하여 입자의 크기가 $50{\AA}$ 이상이 되면 전극성능이 감소하였다. 최적의 열처리 온도는 $400^{\circ}C$ 이었으며, 이 때의 백금입자의 크기는 $35{\sim}40{\AA}$였으며, 반전지 측정시 0.7V의 전압에서 $360mA/cm^2$의 전류밀도를 나타내었다. $400^{\circ}C$에서 1시간, 3시간, 5시간 동안 처리하였을 경우 백금입자의 크기는 변함이 없었고 황제거율은 각각 비슷하였다. 두 번째, 환원성 분위기의 도가니 속에서 열처리를 했을 경우 $900^{\circ}C$의 같은 온도에서 수소분위기에서의 열처리보다는 황의 제거율은 떨어지나 같은 온도에서 백금입자의 성장이 작아 상대적으로 좋은 전극성능을 보여 주었다. 세 번째, 용매추출의 경우에는 초기에 일부의 황을 제거할 수 있음을 확인하였고 이 때의 전극성능은 서로 비슷하였다.