• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.522-534
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• 1995

Background: In the pathogenesis of acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS), oxygen radiclls are known to be involved in one part. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) protects oxygen radical-induced tissue damage by dismutating superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. In eukaryotic cells, two forms of SOD exist intracellularly as a cytosolic, dimeric copper/zinc-containing SOD(CuZnSOD) and a mitochondrial, tetrameric manganese-containing SOD(MnSOD). But there has been little information about SOD gene expression and its regulation in pulmonary alveolar macrophages(PAMs). The objective of this study is to evaluate the SOD gene expression induced by LPS and its regulation in PAMs of rat. Method: In Sprague-Dawley rats, PAMs obtained by broncholaveolar lavage were purified by adherence to plastic plate. To study the effect of LPS on the SOD gene expression of PAMs, they were stimulated with different doses of LPS($0.01{\mu}g/ml{\sim}10{\mu}g/ml$) and for different intervals(0, 2, 4, 8, 24hrs). Also for evaluating the level of SOD gene regulation actinomycin D(AD) or cycloheximide(CHX) were added respectively. To assess whether LPS altered SOD mRNA stability, the rate of mRNA decay was determined in control group and LPS-treated group. Total cellular RNA extraction by guanidinium thiocyanate/phenolfchlorofonn method and Northern blot analysis by using a $^{32}P$-labelled rat MnSOD and CuZnSOD cDNAs were performed. Results: The expression of mRNA in MnSOD increased dose-dependently, but not in CuZnSOD. MnSOD mRNA expression peaked at 8 hours after LPS treatment. Upregulation of MnSOD mRNA expression induced by LPS was suppressed by adding AD or CHX respectively. MnSOD mRNA stability was not altered by LPS. Conclusion: These findings show that PAMs of rat could be an important source of SOD in response to LPS, and suggest that their MnSOD mRNA expression may be regulated transcriptionally and require de novo protein synthesis without affecting mRNA stability.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.700-706
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• 2000

Iron- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (FeZnSOD) and nickel-containing superoxide dismutase (NiSOD) are cytoplamic enzymes in Streptomyces griseus. The sodF gene coding for FeZnSOD was cloned from genomic Southern hybridization analysis with a 0.5-kb DNA probe, which was PCR-amplified with facing primers corresponding to the N-terminal amino acid of the purified FeZnSOD of S. griseus and a C-terminal region which is conserved among bacterial FeSODs and MnSODs. The sodF open reading frame (ORF) was comprised of 213 amino acid (22,430 Da), and the deduced sequence of the protein was highly homologous (86% identity) to that of FeZnSOD of Streptomyces coelicolor. The FeZnSOD expression of exponentially growing S. griseus cell was approximately doubled as the cell growth reached the early stationary phase. The growth-associated expression of FeZnSOD was mainly controlled at the transcriptional level, and the regulation was exerted through the 110 bp regulatory DNA upstream from the ATG initiation codon of the sodF gene.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 1997

We investigated changes in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and SOD isoenzyme pattern in suspension cultures of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), which were compared with those of intact tomato plants. two grams (fr wt) of cells subcultured at 15-day intervals were inoculated into 50 mL MS medium containing l mg/L 2,4-D and 30 g/L sucrose in a 300 mL flask and maintained at $25^{\circ}C$ in the dark (100 rpm). The cell growth reached a maximum at 20 days after subculture (DAS), followed by a rapid decrease with further cultures. The cell colour changed from white to black from 23 DAS. The intracellular SOD activity (units/g cell dry wt) was significantly increased from 23 DAS and reached a maximum at 28 DAS (52,400 units), followed by a decrease with further cultures, whereas the extracellular SOD activity showed a maximum at 25 DAS (27,800 units/50 mL medium). The total SOD activity per flask showed a maximum at 25 DAS (35,700 units), in which the extracellular SOD activity occupied about 75%. The tomato cultured cells had four SOD isoenzymes and their patterns were well correlated with SOD activity without a qualitative change during the cell cultures. The intact tomato plants had an additional CuZnSOD isoenzyme, showing the different isoenzyme patterns from cultured cells.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.66-71
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• 2023

Ethyl acetate (EA) soluble fraction of the Berberis amurensis (Berberidaceae) methanol extract showed the potent DPPH radical scavenging activity through Caenorhabditis elegans model system. The EA fraction was measured for the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance by using C. elegans along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. In addition, SOD-3 expression was conducted using a transgenic strain (CF1553) to confirm that the regulation of the stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans treated by the EA fraction. As a result, the EA soluble fraction of B. amurensis increased SOD and catalase activity, and decreased ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the EA fraction-treated CF1553 worm showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the control worm.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1353-1365
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• 1997

Background : Tumor necrosis factor(TNF) has been considered as an important candidate for cancer gene therapy based on its potent anti-tumor activity. However, since the efficiency of current techniques of gene transfer is not satisfactory, the majority of current protocols is aiming the in vitro gene transfer to cancer cells and re-introducing genetically modified cancer cells to host. In the previous study, it was shown that TNF-sensitive cancer cells transfected with TNF-$\alpha$ cDNA would become highly resistant to TNF, and the probability was shown that the acquired resistance to TNF might be associated with synthesis of some protective protein. Understanding the mechanisms of TNF -resistance in TNF-$\alpha$ cDNA transfected cancer cells would be. an important step for improving the efficacy of cancer gene therapy as well as for better understandings of tumor biology. This study was designed to evaluate the role of MnSOD, an antioxidant enzyme, in the acquired resistance to TNF of TNF-$\alpha$ cDN A transfected cancer cells. Method : We transfected TNF-$\alpha$ c-DNA to WEHI164(murine fibrosarcoma cell line), NCI-H2058(human mesothelioma cell line), A549(human non-small cell lung cancer cell line), ME180(human cervix cancer cell line) cells using retroviral vector(pLT12SN(TNF)) and confirm the expression of TNF with PCR, ELISA, MIT assay. Then we determined the TNF resistance of TNF-$\alpha$ cDNA transfected cells(WEHI164-TNF, NCIH2058-TNF, A549-TNF, ME180-TNF) and the changes of MnSOD mRNA expressions with Northern blot analysis. Results : The MnSOD mRNA expressions of parental cells and genetically modified cells of WEHI164 and ME180 cells(both are naturally TNF sensitive) were not significantly different The MnSOD mRNA expressions of genetically modified cells of NCI-H2058 and A549(both are naturally TNF resistant) were higher than those of the parental cells, while those of parental cells with exogenous TNF were also elevated. Conclusion : The acquired resistance to TNF after TNF-$\alpha$ cDNA transfection may not be associated with the change in the MnSOD expression, but the difference in natural TNF sensitivity of each cell may be associated with the level of the MnSOD expression.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.555-560
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate levels of serum creatinine, CuSOD and MnSOD protein expression in the kidney after renal ischemic reperfusion with pre-exercise using heat shock protein 70.1 in knock-out mice (KO). The C57/BL6 strain (Wild type: WT) and KO were divided into 4 groups as follows: Sham control group (Sham), pre-exercise group (Ex), pre-exercise +ischemia group (Ex+IR), and ischemia group (IR). CuSOD and MnSOD expression were significantly decreased (p<0.01, p<0.05) and blood creatinine concentration was significantly increased (p<0.01) in the IR group of KO. In contrast, CuSOD and MnSOD expression in the Ex+IR group of KO were higher than the IR group, while creatinine concentration was significantly lower. These results suggest that Hsp70 is directly correlated to renal ischemic reperfusion injury. Pre-exercise in renal ischemia might prevent or inhibit positive oxidative stress inhibitory effects by increasing anti-oxidative enzymes (CuSOD, MnSOD) within the kidney and improve to prevent renal function. Thus, pre-exercise may have a protective role against renal injury after renal ischemia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1020-1026
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• 1994

Pseudomonas plycolor was used to investigated the optimal culture condition to examine the various properties of superoxide dismutase (SOD). this SOD was inhibited by $H_2O_2$, azide ion, but not by cyanide ion. This result indicates that the enzyme might be a Fe-SOD. The composition of optimal culture medium for the enzyme production was 3% of glycerin, 1% of polypeptone, 0.5% of meat extract, 0.2% of KCI and the initial ph was 9.0 . The cultivation for the enzyme production was carried out in 500ml shaking flask containing 100ml of the optimal medium at $30^{\circ}C$ on a reciprocal shaker. The enzyme production reached maximum at 15hrs of cultivation and then declined sharply afterward.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.444-452
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on $A{\beta}$-42, cytochrome c, SOD-1, 2 and Sirt-3 protein expressions in brain cytosol and mitochondria in mutant (N141I) presenilin-2 transgenic mice with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mice were divided into four groups (Non-Tg-sedentary, n=5; Non-Tg treadmill exercise, n=5; Tg-sedentary, n=5; Tg treadmill exercise, n=5). To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of treadmill exercise, Non-Tg and Tg mice were subjected to exercise training on a treadmill for 12 wk, after which their brain cytosol and mitochondria were evaluated to determine whether any changes in the cognitive performance, $A{\beta}$-42 protein, cytochrome c protein, anti-oxidant enzymes (SOD-1, SOD-2) and Sirt-3 protein had occurred. The results indicated that treadmill exercise resulted in amelioration in cognitive deficits of Tg mice. In addition, the expressions of mitochondrial $A{\beta}$-42 and cytosolic cytochrome c protein were decreased in the brains of Tg mice after treadmill exercise, whereas antioxidant enzymes, SOD-l and SOD-2 were significantly increased in response to treadmill exercise. Furthermore, treadmill exercise significantly increased the expression of Sirt-3 protein in Non-Tg and Tg mice. Taken together, these results suggest that treadmill exercise is a simple behavioral intervention which can sufficiently improve cognitive performance and inhibit $A{\beta}$-induced oxidative stress in AD.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.299-304
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• 2019

In order to research the anti-oxidative activity of methanol extract of Phellinus baumii Pilat (Hymenochaetaceae), Caenorhabditis elegans model system was used. Ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanol extract showed the most potent DPPH radical scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate fraction was measured on its activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance with reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in C. elegans. Furthermore, to see if regulation of stress-response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans which treated by the ethyl acetate fraction, we checked SOD-3 expression using a transgenic strain. Consequently, the ethyl acetate fraction of P. baumii increased SOD and the catalase activities in a dose-dependent manner in C. elegans, reduced ROS accumulation dose-dependently. Besides, the ethyl acetate fraction-treated CF1553 worms showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the control worms.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 2017

We investigated the anti-oxidative effect of the blueberry duke (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) ethanol extract in Caenorhabditis elegans model. The ethanol extract of blueberry duke showed relatively significant DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide quenching activities. To prove antioxidant activity of the extract, we checked the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, intracellular ROS, and oxidative stress tolerance in C. elegans. In addition, to verify if the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans by treating with the extract was due to regulation of stress-response genes, we checked SOD-3 expression using a transgenic strain. As a consequence, the blueberry duke ethanol extract increased SOD and catalase activities of C. elegans, and reduced intracellular ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, blueberry duke ethanol extract-treated CF1553 worms showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity.