• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 1972

Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the most serious health problems in Korea, because we have been encountered with the highest incidence of CO poisoning in the world due to the unique heating system in home called 'ondal'. We opened Hyperbaric chamber unit in the Seoul National University Hospital last Jan, 1969. We have treated 848 patients as of Sept. 30., 1972, around 44 months period. We collected the informations on the environmental conditions of the place where CO intoxication actually occured by filling up the questionaire from 505 patients. The following findings were obtained. 1. Age distribution showed that the highest incidence was found in the younger age group between age of 10 to age of 29 in both sex. 2. Sex ratio of the patients was 1:1.14. 3. The socio-economic level of the patient was relatively low. 4. Housewife & housemaid were the major victims of the intoxication in the female patients & in the case of the male patient, occupational backgrounds were diverse. 5. Many patients from the middle class experienced the intoxication by sleeping at newly built room. 6. Many intoxication has been occured in the structure of houses where communicating doors are existing between living room & kitchen. 7. All findings obtained taught us again that CO poisoning is the serious by-product of the national fuel policy which put emphasis on the use of coal & socio-economic status is a very important parameter in this hazards.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.740-753
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• 2010

This study analyzes the motives of Korean women for choosing breast augmentation in a cultural and relational context; in addition, it investigates their evaluations after surgery. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 10 Korean women in their 20s and 30s who have received cosmetic breast augmentation. Enlarged and made-up breasts are a form of clothing that symbolizes the socio-economic status of women. In the vertical and individualized Korean society, the desire of women for a fashionable body invigorated the appearance management market. Fashion consumers have passively internalized the ideal body trends as the concept of the ideal body-image, which has been constructed by the social structure, markets, and the media. The analysis was rooted in post-modern feminist perspectives on the female body. The ideal body-image internalization process through the social interactions of participants was the main cultural factor to choose breast surgery. The self-image and conformity/individuality of participant were categorized as relational factors for the motivation to undergo breast surgery. The result showed that after surgery the participants achieved positive feedback from their social relationships. They expressed or hid their socio-economic statuses through their purchased fashion bodies. They also showed higher self-esteem and feelings of satisfaction by pursuing individuality and conformity as a member of society. Moreover, they achieved wider fashion options and greater controls over their public/private/secret clothing choices for certain occasions. Cosmetic breast surgery positively empowered individual women while reinforcing the socially manipulated body ideals that oppress women at the same time. Participants internalized socially constructed values and justified their surgery choices.

• 영어영문학
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.1163-1191
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• 2009

As many critics do, this article starts from the premise that Charles Waddell Chesnutt wrote The Conjure Woman with a distinct socio-ethical view to ameliorating white readers' racism. For this purpose of social activism, first, the author uses a racially submissive genre and narrator- antebellum plantation-dialect fiction and an old ex-slave Julius-in order to win the attention of white racists, who constituted the majority of the reading public of postbellum America. Chesnutt then allows this seemingly submissive ex-slave consecutively to wage narrative battles against a Northern white capitalist, John. This fiction's structure is thus based on interracial narrative conflict. Granted, the result of these narrative battles is Julius's defeat. Even though he sometimes has narrative success through his manipulation of either his white female auditor's sentimentalism or the white capitalist's racial prejudice, it does not lead to any fundamental change in the white audience members' awareness: John still regards Julius's tacitly reformoriented tales merely as nonsensical ghost stories invented by the absurd imagination of a subservient, entertaining, and exploitable black coachman. Admitting his defeat, Julius relinquishes his original goal of deterring John's capitalist exploitation of both racial Others and the natural environment of the South and finally decides to serve the economic power of white capitalism. This self-defeating conclusion, however, should not be identified with Chesnutt's failure as an author. Rather, it should be understood as an interim result of the black author's earnest experiment with literary media best suited to his reform project. In fact, this narrative failure reveals Chesnutt's accurate diagnosis of the postbellum literary world: a black voice is still feebly heard and even easily buried by the whites' capitalist ambition and consequently intensifying racism. Conclusively, Julius's narrative failure should be positively evaluated as Chesnutt's one step further in his gradual and lifelong progress to a narrative goopher effectively to engage whites' imagination and sympathy for a vision of equal interracial coexistence.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.443-470
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• 2003

본 연구는 1990년대 이후 진행되고 있는 서울의 새로운 도시화 과정을 경제, 정치, 사회$.$문화, 환경 등의 부문별 특성과 공간구조 및 도시계획의 변화를 고찰하고자 한다. 본 연구를 통해 확인된 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 1990년대 이후 서울은 탈산업화와 경제의 재구조화를 경험했는데, 이 과정은 주로 생산자 서비스, 지식기반산업 및 첨단산업의 발달에 의해 추동되었다. 둘째, 서울은 지방자치제의 실시 이후 자율성이 확대되었으며 재정자립도도 타대도시에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 기업가적 성향을 강화하였고, 주민들의 시정참여 및 시민운동이 활성화되면서 여성들의 정치참여도도 높아지고 있다. 셋째, 사회$.$문화적인 측면에서, 소비를 통하여 정체성을 확립하려는 물질적 욕구가 증대되고. 도시환경이 문화적으로 소비되며, 정보통신산업 및 교통의 급속한 발달로 여가활용 방법 및 소비행태가 매우 다양해지고 있다. 넷째, 환경적인 측면에서 서울은 1990년대에 이르러 생활의 질에 대한 주민들의 욕구증대, '환경적으로 건전하고 지속가능한 발전'이라는 개념을 도입하여 생태적으로 건강한 환경을 조성하고자 노력하였으며, 환경복원, 녹지조성, 생태공원 조성 등 친환경적 생태도시를 강력히 지향하고 있다. 다섯째, 공간적인 측면에서 서울은 다핵구조화를 보이고 있으며, 고도로 스펙터클한 중심부, 도심의 상주인구 공동화 현상이 심화되고 있고, 기능적 목적보다는 미학적 목적을 위해 설계된 도시계획이 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 결과들은 서울이 1990년대 들어 새로운 도시화 또는 신도시화를 경험하고 있다는 점을 확인시켜 준다.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.1-48
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• 2013

Taking the cases of Korean garment factories in Binh Duong area, this study aims to explain the phases and causes of the wildcat strikes that have rapidly expanded recently in Vietnam. For the purpose, this study raises several questions as follows. Why the strikes sometimes increase and decrease other times? Why the factory workers prefer a wildcat strike even though it is politically risky, unproductive, and complicated? By the same token, why the foreign management cannot or will not preemptively preclude the wildcat strikes that are usually predictable and the workers are mostly able to accomplish their demands? While answering these questions, this study explores the economic, political, and socio-cultural conditions of the wildcat strikes respectively. Based on the fieldwork in around 30 Korean owned garment factories and the interview with around 100 Vietnamese factory workers in Binh Duong, this study confirms several findings on the phases and causes of the strikes in the area in specific and in Vietnam in general. First, the annual trends of the wildcat strikes reflect the macroeconomic conditions in which the consumer prices and the labor market in Vietnamese economy and business conditions in the world economy are pivotal. Second, however, the influence of macroeconomic conditions on both the management and the workers in the garment factories are differential, depending on the financial situations of the multinational corporations and the workers' capability of reproducing their household economies. Thirdly, the possibility of the wildcat strike in each factory is relatively independent on the financial conditions of a factory and rather associated with the stable political structure and active political processes within the factory that enable the management and the workers to efficiently communicate each other. Lastly, the necessity of establishing political stability in a factory arises from the distinctive social and cultural characteristics of the multinational corporation in which foreign managers and native workers inevitably live in separate and different socio-cultural worlds.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.193-208
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• 1994

This study investigated the causality of the children's self-perceived competence and related variables(age, sex, socio-demographic variables, family structure, the number of brother, home environmental process variables and peer group environmental variables.) The subjects of this study were 842 children at age five, seven, nine, eleven and thirteen attending kindergartens. elementary schools and junior high schools and their mothers in Seoul. This study employed children's self-perceived competence scales(The Pictorial scales for 5, 7, Qestionnaire for 9, 11, 13) home environment scales and peer group enviornment scales(the Pictorial scales for 5, 7 Qestionnaire for 9, 11, 13) Freqencies one way-ANOVA Pearson's Cronbach's αmultiple regression and path analysis were used for data-analysis. Major findings were as follows: 1. The results of the analysis of causal model showed that the variables that affected cognitive self-perceived competence directly were age, sex, parent's education economic status of the home the number of brother and peer's emotional support 2. The results of the analysis of causal model showed that the variables that affected social self-perceived competence directly were sex, economic status of the home, peer's emotional support and common activity. 3. The results of the analysis of causal model showed that the variables that affected physical self-perceived competence directly were age, sex, peer's emotional support and common activity.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the development and determinants of China-ASEAN trade relations over the period of 2000-2018. Employing both the qualitative and quantitative approaches, the results show that the trade relations between China and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) have remarkably developed and rapidly grown over times, with a significantly important concentration on the segments of high technological and medium technological products. We also find that China's economic scale is crucially impacting on the China-ASEAN trade relations under both the aggregate and sub-sector level. It is interesting to notice that there is no evidence to support accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and officially forming of ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA) to enhance trade relation between both sides. The findings also quantitatively indicate that there is much significant potential for the expansion of mutual trade between China and some members of ASEAN such as Brunei, Laos and Malaysia, while less potential is predicted for other members of ASEAN. It is strongly suggested that China and ASEAN should find a new proactive approach and make more efforts in improving the mutual political trusts to enhance trading activities in the coming years.

• 인문언어
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• 제7집
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• pp.311-333
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• 2005

The national language in the divided Germany has undergone changes that are not simply 'linguistic' in nature but reflect on the diverse social activities that have contributed to the development of the country's political and economic systems. Accordingly, a study of the German language in the process of the division would necessarily involve looking into the socio-political dynamics of the period, in tandem with the study of the linguistic structure per se. This paper deals with the political situation of Germany during the period of 1945 through 1990 and the issues of territorial devision during that period with the view to clarifying the extra-linguistic factors behind the changes of the country's national language. This mode of explaining the heterogeneous linguistic changes that characterize post-war Germany will provide an opportunity to consider the classical issues of the relationship between linguistic changes and social ones in a new light.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.167-184
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate actual conditions of family/kin ritual transition and to find out relationships to socio-economic variables. For this purpose, 716 subjects of urban family were interviewed with questionnaires. The results of this study may be summarized as follows: 1. It was discovered the pervasive themes of family/kin ritual transition: westernization, commercialization, socialization, and cultural anomie. 2. In contemporary family/kin rites, traditional structure coexists with external westernized aspects under the influnce of industrialization and commercialization. The rites were continued to provide a place where participants reproduce the ideology of patriarchal family group, especially the strong parent-child ties and narrow kin relationships. 3. Respondents who support traditional ritual style are old, lower class, and Buddhist. 4. Respondents who support westernization and socialization of family/kin rites are young, higher class, and Christian. But family/kin rites are not affected by sex relatively.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.28-40
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• 1986

Accurate subway demand estimation which is essential for better route selection can be achieved by the exact definition of the influence sphere of subway station. The influence was derived implicitly from the analysis of access time to the station for the cases of Seoul. Access time distribution was investigated by trip purposes, by age, by income, by sex, by travel distance, by kinds of thickets, by the location of station for the analysis of relationship between access time and socio-economic characteristics or urban structure. The difference of average access time between direct access trip and transfer trip which is found 8.6 minutes and 6.1 minutes respectively also investigated. The small difference implies poor transfer system of Seoul subway. 83.1% of subway users are coming from the distance of 10minutes' walk and average access time is 7.8minutes as a whole.