• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2018

The health status of menopause and its correlates among middle aged 160 rural and urban women was studied during 2015. The women who attained menopause and belonging to 40-55 years age range were selected from 8 villages of 4 talukas of Dharwad and Bagalkot Districts. The health status of women was evaluated by using standardized questionnaire, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGI). The structured interview schedule was used to collect personal information like name of the family members with their age, relationship with respondent. The Socio Economic Status (SES) of family was assessed by using Socio Economic Status scale developed by Agarwal (2005). The results revealed that 53.75 per cent respondents shown moderately affected followed by 26.25 per cent mildly affected and 20 per cent of women indicated severely affected health status. The mean value of health status in rural women is higher ($23.67{\pm}7.02$) than mean value of ($21.50{\pm}6.89$) urban women means the rural women had more health problems than urban women. Health status were high negatively significantly related with SES, education and occupation means women belonged to better SES category, literate and working women experienced less health problems compared to women who had poor SES, illiterate and non-working.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.13-25
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• 2012

There is growing evidence that substance use such as tobacco or alcohol consumption influences health disparity among adolescents. Previous research papers have shown an inconsistency in the relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and substance use in adolescents. However, little is known about socio-economic differences in unhealthy behaviors among Korean adolescents. The purpose of the present study is to explore associations between SES and substance use in Korean adolescents. The analysis was performed using data from the 2009 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (YRBS), which included a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students. Drinking/heavy drinking and smoking/daily smoking behavior indices were used for dependent variables, and perceived economic status, family affluence score, parents' education were used for independent variables. Chi-square test were used to compare tobacco and alcohol consumption among 3 SES groups. Logistic regression models were used to identify statistically significant socio-economic factors after adjusting other covariates. Higher perceived economic status and higher family affluence were associated with higher rates of smoking, daily smoking, drinking, and heavy drinking, while lower level of parents' education was related to higher use of tobacco and alcohol. Socio-economic status significantly influences health behaviors in adolescents, and it may consequently affect health disparity in their adulthood. Therefore, there is a need of continuous monitoring and follow-up research of health disparity among adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.41-58
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• 2016

This study investigated the relationships between socio-economic status of family, home environment stimulation, children's behavioral problems, and interactive peer play of preschool children. Surveys of 2,150 Korean mothers with their preschool children(Mean age= 51.9 months) from the Panel Study of Korean Children by Korea Institute of Child Care and Education were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Each variable's confirmatory factor analysis showed the correlation coefficient below .85, which made a satisfactory level of discriminant validity. The model fit to the data well, with an agreeable level of index. The major findings were as follows. First, SES did not significantly affected children's interactive peer play. Second, SES significantly affected home environment stimulation and children's behavioral problems. And the relationship between SES and children's behavioral problems are significantly mediated by home environment stimulation. Third, the relationship between SES and children's interactive peer play are significantly mediated by home environment stimulation and children's behavioral problems. These results help better understand the paths among the home characteristics and children's behavioral problems on children's social development. Interpretation and implication of the results have been discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.1-17
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• 2004

This study was conducted to determine the influence of socio-economic status of potential consumers on the types of senior congregate housing(SCH) among 4 urban areas(Seoul Metropolitan area, Busan, Gwangaju, and Daejun). This study was part or a research series to develop SCH which meets the korean situation. The Questionnaire used for the final analysis involved 1006 people and SPSS Windows program was used for statistical analysis. The opinion about SCH should differ among the 4 urban areas according to Socio-Economic Status(SES). The results of this study were as follows: The opinions on SCH varied in each region according to SES indicating that diverse constructions of senior housing to meet selective needs of the old can create high demand in a construction market. In order to induce active participation of the private sector, the Ministry of Construction and Transportation, rather than the Ministry of Health and Welfare, should be in charge of the development of SCH. This is desirable in the perspective of developing new types of housing as for general housing. In this case, the Ministry of Construction and Transportation should consider geographic locations and environmental factors of each city. Moreover, the successful development of SCH needs an effort to reexamine an appropriate development plan rather than adopting the cases of developed countries without criticism. In terms of policies, the government should provide financial support for building sharing space, give an exception on a measurement rate, assist in the education of supervisors and establish a management system and so on.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.81-89
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• 2013

Recently, several studies conducted for other countries show that housing price has very close relationship with personal or neighborhood level obesity. Also these studies suggest the use of housing price as a new SES(Socio-Economic Status) variable for health related studies. In this study, whether this relationship can be found in regions of the Seoul Metropolitan Area is investigated. The results of this study show that, as in the cases of other countries, the regions with SES represented by higher housing prices show lower obesity levels. Further, the results show that the differences in regional housing prices well explain the variations of regional obesity levels as other traditional SES variables do. This finding indicates that housing price which is objectively, continuously, and spatially measured in Korea can be used as a new SES indicator for health research in Korea.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.707-715
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• 2011

Objectives : The objective of this study was to assess a level of oral health related quality of life(OHRQoL) for rural communities elderly and to determine the association between OHRQoL and socio-economic position. Methods : The study population was elderly(60+year-old) residents of PyeongChang county, Jeongseon county, Yeongwol county, Gangwon province. A total of 171 people were invited to participate. Oral health related quality of life was measured using the GOHAI. The data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test and to assess socio-economic inequalities in OHRQoL(GOHAI), we used multi-variable logistic regression models. We used models adjusting for age, sex, family status factors(Model I) and compared them to models additionally adjusting for stress level(Model II). Results : There were significant differences in lower score of GOHAI at lower age group and live alone group. And we found that lower SES was significantly associated with lower score of OHRQoL. Social gradient in the score of OHRQoL persisted when adjusted for age, sex, family status, stress level. Conclusions : We recommend that oral health promotion program should be developed after due consideration SES for rural communities elderly because OHRQoL of rural communities elderly was low and association between SES and OHRQoL for rural communities elderly.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1-22
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• 2008

Burden of disease analysis provides a unique perspective on health by integrating fatal and non-fatal outcomes, yet allows the outcome of two classes to be examined separately. Although many studies have shown the inequality in health outcomes across socioeconomic status (SES), an analysis and comparison of Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) between different socioeconomic groups has been rare. This paper calculates the DALY and analyzes the distribution of DALYs for different SES. This study draws from 3,278 cases from the survey on "The Livelihood and Welfare Needs of the Elderly (2004)". It first provides a comprehensive assessment of the burden of 10 chronic diseases of the elderly based on DALY. Then this paper analyzes inequalities in the burden of disease by the levels of SES such as education, income, family size, occupation, and subjective economic conditions. For the elderly, the burden of disease is the highest for hypertension, arthritis and cancer. DALY rate per 1,000 people for the most socio-economically disadvantaged group is expressed as a multiple of the standardized rate for the least disadvantaged group (Rate Ratios). Family size is strongly related to. the difference in the burden of disease between SES groups, and the elderly Who live alone have higher DALY rate than those who live with their family. Other significant variables related to SES groups include subjective economic conditions, occupation, elderly income, and household income.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

Objectives: About for twenty years, immigrant women in South Korea have steadily increased due to economic growth and industrialization. According to previous studies in terms of immigrants, subjective socio-economic status(SES) as well as objective SES such as income, occupation and level of education predict health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine association between subjective social status and perceived health among immigrant women. Methods: We analyzed 12,531 participants from the 2012 National Survey of Multicultural Families. Study variables included subjective SES in Korea, subjective SES in community and perceived health. Control variables were age, household income, employment, education, marital status, ethnicity, language proficiency. For this study, descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. Results: Among immigrant women, after adjusting for control variables, level of education in community was not associated with perceived health. Otherwise, subjective social status in Korea(low subjective social status reference group vs high subjective status : OR 2.056) was associated with perceived health. Conclusions: Immigrant women in Korea would be culturally affected by inherent characteristic rather than social economic status. Through this study, in order to improve health inequality among immigrant women, we should consider developing social supports and networks.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.70-83
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between socio-economic factors and self-rated health among older people living in the community. In addition, the study tries to determine whether risk differentials by these socio-economic factors can be explained by other demographic factors, chronic diseases, and functional status. We surveyed to investigate the self-rated health of 397 study samples which had been selected by stratified randomized sampling, $2.7\%$ by each Dong (district) of S-city in Gyeonggi-do. Our study found that the socioeconomic factors such as income, occupation, and insurance were significantly associated with self-rated health. The level of social economic status was positively associated with the level of self-rated health. Two-staged multivariate analysis demonstrated that this relationship was still significant even after adjustment for demographic factors, chronic diseases, and functional status. In conclusion, there are wide socio-economic disparities in self-rated health of older people in this community. It is important that government should know not only health status but also the health-associated factors in order to prepare for the aged society and improve the health status of the elderly. Further researches should uncover causality and mechanism by which SES affects changes in functional health among the elderly.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.633-641
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• 2017

This study explores how the digital divide caused by personal SES(Socio-Economic Status) eventually affect personal life satisfaction. The study also investigates the differences between living in urban and rural areas, as well as the differences among generations, with respect to the digital divide and personal life satisfaction. Based on the Korean Media Panel data produced by KISDI, this study used 9,647 national samples to obtain variables such as digital divide, and life satisfaction. Results show that personal SES is a key factor that significantly influences digital divide and life satisfaction in various degrees. Also, the study finds that the degree of the digital divide have an effect on people's life satisfaction. The findings imply that people living in urban areas are more highly used to digital media than those in rural areas regardless of their SES. The study has an implication, in terms of digital equity among generations as well as urban and rural residents.