• 중국학논총
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• no.68
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• pp.75-94
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• 2020

If 《Bailuyuan》 is a piece that reflects the trend of changing Chinese contemporary literature after the 1990 reform and the opening up of socialism, 《Taebaek Mountain》 is a literary masterpiece that shows the peak of the people and coincided with subject controversy in the 1980s. These two pieces of literature were based on a common experience swayed by the encroachment of Japanese imperialism, and they became best sellers in Korean and Chinese literary circles in the 1980s and 1990s. Based on their similarities, this paper focused on and took a closer look at character modeling in the two texts. In these books, the investigators also discuss how the main characters of Bailuyuan and Taebaek Mountain are portrayed, and how this portrayal strategically works to realize the theme of the text as well as the literary significance, value, and expected effects of the comparison between these two pieces of literary work.

• East European & Balkan Studies
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• v.35
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• pp.153-186
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• 2013

Literature has been special for the Polish who suffered from the numerous invasions from surrounding countries for her geographical location at the center of Europe. In the late 18th century at a time when Poland was divided and ruled by Russia, Prussia and Austria, literature played an important role in uniting Poland. During the 2nd world war in which Poland was occupied by the Soviet Union and by Germany, and during the Cold War period under socialism system(1948~1989), the Polish literature was in the front to keep unique national culture with overseas migration community at the center. The Polish Diaspora literature from 19th century up to now has naturally embodied national sufferings from foreign powers in their literary tradition linked to the problem of 'migration'. In addition, they belong to other cultural sphere, but keep their own unique identity, which is similar to Korean Diaspora literature to a great degree. This study has two stages. In the first stage, it figures out the formation and trend of the Polish Diaspora literature followed by their meaning in the history of Polish literature. In the second stage, specific texts (two dramas) are analyzed before and after system transition in 1989. * Before system transition: S. Mrożek, Emigranci (1974), * After system transition: J. Głowacki, Antygona w Nowym Yorku (1992) Mrożek and Głowacki had themselves migration experiences with high achievement and recognition in literature not only in Poland but also in the world. In their works, hardships as 'strangers' in foreign countries, emotional wandering and agony, nostalgia to lost home land and exploration of identity were described vividly. By comparing the 2 literature texts, this study attempts to trace the change of Diaspora consciousness which Polish migrants experienced in foreign countries with different political system like socialism and capitalism.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.105-114
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• 2003

This study aims to investigate the thoughts of the utopians for the ideal community in 19th century. Around late 18th century, the ideal community proposals by the utopians were coming out as an alternative to reform the social and economical structure. The experimental community proposals which suggested by the utopian socialists such as Robert Owen and Charles Fourier took their emphasis on the social reform to improve the environment of work in terms of social and economical organization. While the thoughts of ideal community showing up in the literature by utopians were based on the state socialism that accompanied by the ultimate corrective system of production and distribution and the unified social system, the physical organization was described in more detail without a restriction in contrast to the real proposals for the ideal community. Based on the experimental community and the ideal community in the literature in 19th century, the urban model of late 19th century were proposed as a real community model. With the optimistic belief to the technological development resulted from the Industrial Revolution, the urban models of utopia placed greater emphasis on the physical organization than the previous ideal communities in 19th century and had much influence on the modern urban planning in 20th century.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.7-19
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• 2013

The formation of modern architecture during the Weimar Republic in Germany is seen through the works by Bruno Taut, one of the leading architects during that period. Through the extensive literature readings on Bruno Taut and critical analysis of Bruno Taut's ideologies, his works and the circumstances that he was in, the contention of this paper is that the root of modern architecture has less to do with functionalism and new technologies, but more to do with need to express new ideologies and expressions of their view of a new society. Although the socialistic idea did not account for sole reason for influencing their architecture, it did play a considerable part in deciding what architectural expressions are preferred. For this discourse this paper limits Bruno Taut's years from 1913 to 1932 prior to his exile from Germany; 1913 to 1923 being the years that constitute theoretical activities and 1923 to 1932 being the golden years for social housing when he participated on many public housing projects. It was during this period that his architecture put importance of practicality, and utilitarian; however the transition was not an abrupt departure from his expressionistic architecture but an inclusive act on his part.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• no.4
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• pp.285-305
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• 1998

In order to scrutinize what realism really means, this paper is to analyze and compare the major realistic plays of Yun Jo-byeong of Korea with the earlier realistic ones of Bernard Shaw of England. As all the scholars concerned admit, Shaw offered reality in all of his plays: social, political, economic, religious. He was a didact, a preacher who readily acknowledged that the stage was his pulpit. Though he preached socialism, creative evolution. the abolition of prisons, real equality for women, and railed against the insincerity of motives for war, he did so as a jester in some of the finest comedy ever written. Shaw brought serious themes back to the trivialized English stage, creating a body of drama that left him second to none among twentieth century dramatists. Today, evolution and creationism and Shaw's ideas on creative evolution and the Life Force remain timely issues. As for Yun Jo-byeong who has written many realistic plays lately, he is known as a major realist in Korea. But his realistic plays are more symbolic, poetic, and private than Shaw's. As a result, Korean realism has not been so flourished in Korea as in England. Therefore, we Korean playwrights who want to write really realistic plays should try to study Shaw's realism more closely than ever.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2019

Korean-Chinese is one of the 56 minority groups in the People's Republic of China. Korean-Chinese is the same origin as the Korean Peninsula. In the mid of 19th century, they, who lived in a part of Joseon, suffered with nature disasters and poverty, therefore they offended against the law, immigrated, and started farming in Ching Dynasty, which is northeast China in the present. Later, Korean's individual and mass migrations were happened around coastland of Tumen River and Yalu River with the connivance of the law. This thesis is a consideration of how the Korean-Chinese has adapted before and after the liberation from Japanese colonial era to the Chinese socialism and What their Residential Plan Composition and Plan Types in the village. Based on the field research and literature research, introduces the village history, Plan Composition and sample Plan types. Then, Based on this research, it will be the foundation of the future study of the Korean-Chinese's villages and planning study to conserve the villages.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2019

China, more than any other countries in the world shared similar ideological system with Korea historically. That is confucian patriarchy, which later combined with socialism and capitalism respectively. Therefore, the hardship that modern chinese women had to go through in the course of great social changes would provide meaningful cross cultural insights in various women issues in Korea. Thus this study attempts to focus on Ding Ling, who is considered to be one of the first women that brought the feminism up in China. One of her early works, and from Yan'an days were analyzed to mirror current feminist movement.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to analysis on periodical changes of rural houses of Korean-Chinese people residing in Yanbian area, China focused on periodical changes of floor plans according to Chinese government's policies and regulations influencing on rural houses. Changes of floor plans are classified into four periods; immigrating settled period, 1960-1970s, 1980-1990s, and after 2000. Total number of 67 cases were analyzed that data was collected 48 cases of literature studies and 19 cases of field study in Yanbian, China. The results are as followings. In immigrating settled period, floor plans of the rural houses have tended to be continued the pattern of the Korean traditional rural houses. Nevertheless China was changed socialism system, rarely floor plans were influenced by the system during this period. From 1960s to 1970s, the livestock and rural mechanization are influenced by the "People's Commune" policy. The "Barn" and "Mill" were converted into "warehouse". The residential part consists of one Jeongji (space mixed dinning and kitchen) and one to three of Ondolbang (room). From 1980s to 1990s influenced by the policies of "Cultural Revolution", "Birth Control" and "Chinese Economic Reform", the Korean traditional customs like "elders first" and "distinction between the male and female have been gradually vanished. Meanwhile, spaces of the rural houses have consisted of Jeongji, big Utppang (room), and warehouse. Each space is opened and mutual. Since 2000, influenced by the policy of a "new Socialist Countryside Construction", the bathroom and kitchen are added in interior spaces, the life style in rural houses has been changed as for both the sedentary style and western style.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.475-483
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• 2018

The purpose of this study to understand the vocational education of China and to analyze the developing process of vocational education in China. Recently, the major countries of the world of modern society has its government leaders is how much to foster creativity and the rise and fall depending on whether they really value is determined claims. There are 1327 Tertiary Vocational Colleges, with 10 million students in 2015. Together with 14million secondary vocational education students, China owns the largest scale of vocational education in the world. China has not fully established a modern market. Under the economy, the enterprise was the administrative adjunct of the state, and the enterprise was the social and political production function, and the political ethics prevailed that ethics. Literature review and historial approach were utilized as the methodology for this study. The system of vocational education in China is composed of elementary, secondary, and higher stage. The vocational education in China has been developed flexibly along with the social change while keeping the main philosophy of Chinese socialism. The main factors to bring about the change of vocational education in China is, political and philosophical, economical change.

• 한국학연구
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• no.51
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• pp.317-338
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• 2018

이 글에서는 식민지 시기 발표된 사회주의 계열의 문학 작품-특히 한설야의 작품-에 '바다'로 대표되는 매끈한 공간에 대한 지향과 더불어 사회구성체의 일원으로서 그간 일궈 왔던 '고향'-홈 패인 공간에 대한 향수(鄕愁)가 동시에 드러나고 있다는 점에 주목했다. 심훈의 『동방의 애인』을 비롯한 1930년대 전후 사회주의 문학작품에서는 "민족에 대한 전통적 애착심마저 버리고" 프롤레타리아 국제 연대의 '바다'로 나아갈 것을 결의했으나, '고향'에 대한 향수에 붙들려 기존 홈 패인 공간의 질서 속으로 회귀하고야 마는 사회주의자들의 면모가 드러나며, 이러한 사회주의자들의 면모는 식민지 말기에 이르러 다시금 대두된다. 식민지 말기는 총력전 체제의 강화 및 동아봉쇄주의로 인해 사회주의 투사들 대부분이 "구금되었거나 운동을 정지하고 어쩔 줄 모르는" 상황에 놓였으며, 이로 인해 해외 혁명 거점들로부터 단절되어 "절해고도(絶海孤島)"와 같은 위치에 놓인 사회주의자들에게 제국이 보낸 '전향'의 메시지가 도착한 시점이었다. 그렇다면 '고향'에 대한 향수에 붙들리는 한편, 식민지 말기 "절해고도"와 같은 경성의 '닫힌 공간'에 직면하여 제국의 전향 요구를 수취해야만 했던 조선의 사회주의자들은 위와 같은 민족·제국의 호명/향수를 뿌리치고, 다시금 '너른 바다'를 추구할 수 있었던 것일까? 이 글에서는 「과도기」·「씨름」·『마음의 향촌』·「피」 등 식민지 시기 한설야 소설에 나타난 바다/고향 표상을 분석함으로써, "너른 바다"로 표상되는 매끈한 공간성을 성취하고자 했던 당대 사회주의자들의 투쟁이 제국에 의해 포획되어 홈 패인 공간으로 조직된 식민지 조선의 지형에 어떠한 변화를 초래하는지, 나아가 식민지 말기 사회주의자들이 담지했던 사상적 전망이란 대동아공영권이라는 제국의 두터운 '홈'에 직면하여 어느 정도의 문화적 융해를 가능케 했는지 그 경합의 과정들을 가늠해 보고자 한다. 한설야 등 기존 식민지 말기 사회주의자들의 텍스트에 접근하기 위한 키워드가 "전향"이었다면, 이 글에서는 그럼에도 불구하고 이들이 좌절의 위기에 직면한 사상적 전망을 "살려 나가기" 위해 "바다"라는 매끈한 공간의 표상을 동원했으며, 이를 통해 여전히 "투쟁"의 흐름 속에 스스로를 위치시키고자 했음을 제시할 것이다. "바다"라는 공간적 표상에 입각한 이러한 문학적 상상은 비록 실현 불가능한 층위에 머무른다 할지라도, 그 자체로 당대 정치지리적 경계 너머로 나아가기 위한 문화적 도전이라는 측면에서 주목할 만한 시대적 의의를 지닌다.