• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.428-438
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the differences of characteristics of life and psycho-social factors between elderly women participating in a senior's college(SC) and an exercise prescription(EP) service from social services. Data were collected using in-depth interview and questionnaire from 39 in a SC and 76 EP. SC group were associated with higher level of cognitive function and life satisfaction than EP group. These findings suggest that differentiated programs and multidisciplinary convergence services to improve mental and physical health of elderly women.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.500-509
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• 2011

This study was to identify factors influencing drug compliance based on the subjects' interview regarding community pharmacy utilization for 2 weeks, in 2005 KNHANES. Good compliance was regarded as important factors in improving the effectiveness and minimizing adverse drug reaction, resulting in reducing the medical costs. 83% of total 11,208 pharmacy visits in 7,066 subjects showed good compliance. Good satisfaction for pharmacist's medication counseling (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.92-2.58), higher out-of-pocket money (OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.14-1.54), and users of prescription drugs than non-prescription (OR=2.21, 95% CI 1.91-2.57) drugs were significant factors for better compliance. Disease of nervous system and mental and behavioral disorders showed lower drug compliance.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.93-110
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• 2003

Fiscal crisis in the medical insurance has put the pressure upon hospitals by increasing the rate of curtailment, since the implementation of the separation between prescription and dispensing of Drug. The purpose of this study is to analyze the curtailment for antibiotics, injected drug and other drugs expenditure before and after the system of separation between prescribing and dispensing. Data were gathered from 13 general hospitals and used for analysis of trends on antibiotics and injected drug expenditure, and curtailment in 2000-2001 at three months intervals. The results were as follows; The curtailment rate of antibiotics expenditure has been increased in outpatient and inpatient since 2000. The curtailed antibiotics cost and injected drug cost in outpatient under the prescription within the hospital and in inpatient increased. The ratios of curtailment versus expenditure had increased in antibiotics, injected drugs, anticancer drugs, antiulcer drugs, albumine, antiinflammatory drugs. These results suggest that claim review system in social health insurance were over-focused mainly to control the cost and it might to impede the validity of claim review function in health insurance system. Therefore, it's needed to develope the scientific and reasonable parameter & criteria for claim review of drug expenditure.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.116-125
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• 2020

Objectives : Self-poisoning is the leading cause of visits to the emergency departments after a suicide attempts. This study is aimed to compare the patient characteristics according to the category of drugs ingested by the patients who attempted suicide. Methods : All medical charts were retrospectively reviewed from patients who visited the emergency center, at Seoul Medical Center, due to intentional self-poisoning from April of 2011 to July of 2019. We investigated the information regarding the subtype and quantity of the intoxication drug, how it was obtained, suicidal history, and psychiatric history, as well as, sociodemographic information. Variables were compared between prescription drug (PD) and non-prescription drug (NPD) poisoning groups. Results : The mean age of the NPD poisoning group was significantly lower than that of the PD poisoning group. The patient ratio of those enrolled in national health insurance and living with spouses were significantly higher in the NPD poisoning group. Compared to the NPD poisoning group, the PD poisoning group had a higher incidence of mental illnesses, underlying diseases and ratio of involuntary visit to the emergency department. Among the prescription drugs, the benzodiazepine poisoning group had a higher rate of self-prescription than the non-poisoning group, while the zolpidem poisoning group had a higher rate of the using someone else's prescription than other drugs. Each single drug poisoning group (benzodiazepine, zolpidem, and antidepressant single-agent) had a higher rate of no mental illness than each of the mixed-poisoning group. Conclusions : Guidelines for regulating non-prescription drugs are needed as a matter of suicide prevention. Also, this study suggests that clinicians need to be careful when issuing prescriptions and should suicidal risk according to patients' characteristics, duration of follow-up and type of drug packaging.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.171-172
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• 2002

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.129-155
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• 2008

The rate of antibiotics prescription for an acute airway infection significantly varies depending upon the diagnosis type, specialty, and the location of the hospital along with many other related factors. The objective of this study is to empirically investigate the possible relationship between the antibiotics prescription rates for an acute airway infection and the degree of competition in the hospital market regions of mainly the providers of primary medical care services such as clinics, internal medicines, pediatrics and otorhinolaryngology department. Using the data from Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) regarding the hospitals' antibiotics prescription rates for the acute airway infection and controlling for selected variables of demand and supply sectors, this study tries to figure out that the degree of competition in the hospital market, regardless of what type of competition indexes we employed, has a statistically significant effect on the variations of antibiotics prescription rate of the clinics in local areas. This result implies that as an economic consideration itself, the change in the degree of competition in the hospital market can play a crucial role influencing the treatment behaviors of the medical doctors. More specifically, this study reveals that as the degree of competition increases the antibiotics prescription rate goes up. This result means that if the market becomes more competitive in a specific region so that it might cause a reduction in doctor's income, doctors with rational decision-making process, recognize that the benefit created from inducing patients' seemingly unnecessary demand for medical care (income effect) would be higher than the costs associated with sustaining their targeted income (substitution effect). It is because that the doctors are more likely to prescribe antibiotics which create relatively higher margins than other medical care services in order to sustain their targeted income when the hospital market competition becomes tighter. Even though this study empirically confirms that antibiotics prescription can be affected by the economic incentives, it still raises following issues as limitations of the study: first issue is about the representativeness of the hospital regions segregated for this study, which might be weak in explaining whether these regions are mutually exclusive in reality. Patients actually consider the quality of services, transportation cost, time costs, and any other related factors choosing the doctors or hospitals, and in that sense, this study rules out 'border-crossing' in using the medical care services. Second issue arises in capturing the data of antibiotics prescription rate. Since we use the average rate for each medical institution, we cannot figure out the average rate for each patient so that we are not able to control for the variation of patients' medical conditions. It is because of the unavailability of data regarding each patient's medical condition from HIRA. Thirdly, since this study mainly analyzes the medical institutions providing primary care such as clinics, internal medicines, pediatrics, and otorhinolaryngology department, it is skeptical of whether those institutions can represent the hospital market in respective regions and truly reflect the degree of competition. It needs to extend the study areas and disease types as well as any micro data for future studies.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.97-110
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• 2011

Rhinitis, inflammation of the nasal cavity caused by the disease in our country that a recent trend is the rapidly increasing number of patients. It causes multiple complications and interfere with daily life and social life in case of being viewed as a mild cold. The rhinitis treatment for symptomatic therapy in modern medicine is staying because the situation is exposing the limitations. so traditional medicine is trying to find a solution but that is not easy. In modern medicine, rhinitis is defined as a set of histological lesions and clinical symptoms, but traditional medicine has developed in dealing with each symptoms in disease. The treatment that doesn't distinguish any treatment in growing numbers of patients does not seem to validate, because doctors treat without considering the difference of recognition. Looking at the symptoms for each, I found that each symptoms and causes are varied according to doctors and era. In spite of considering all of that in treatment, it was ignored or underestimated in modern medicine. Furthermore, in traditional medicine, they just conjugated certain period theory and only had limited treatment by a lack of integrated awareness about definition and mechanism. In addition, in case of mentioning about the causes of prescription in each medical books, there were not enough explain about pathological states. Therefore, these causes should be made to further the research about the validity, pathogenesis and treatment. We can see that theory could be established and modified by the accumulation of clinical experience, observations through classification by each of the causes, prescription and treatment. In traditional medicine simply does not pay attention only to nasal inflammation, such as the impact of Meridian and organs considered to have focused on the fundamental treatment. This increased immune resistance to the modern rhinitis patients may offer new therapeutic approaches. I hope this paper would be helpful to find the treatment with uncovered theory in modern medicine.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.37-51
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• 2002

It has been 2 years since the implementation of the separation of prescription and drug dispensing policy. This study analyzes the effects of the policy on the job contents and personnel structure of hospital pharmacy. The main purposes of the analysis are to determine if the policy has causes the increase of professional activities of pharmacists in hospital and to investigate whether the hospital pharmacy is equipped with enough manpower to provide high quality pharmaceutical service as intended by the policy. The level of professionality of pharmacists' activities is measured by the number of activities of direct involvement in inpatient care such as participation in patient rounding, medication consultation, the number of hospital committee the pharmacists involved and the number of continuous education pharmacists took. The adequacy of personnel structure to provide high quality pharmaceutical care is measured by the level of compliance to the governmental standard of hospital pharmacy personnel. In order to collect the data, surveys were performed for two periods: year 1999 (before the implementation of the policy) and year 2001 (after the implementation of the policy). The results show that the pharmacists' participation in inpatient rounding decreased and that the inpatient medication history management activities, operation of ward pharmacy, participation in hospital committee increased. In personnel structure, the average number of pharmacist per hospital decreased and the number of prescription processing per pharmacist increased. Based on the results this study concludes that the professional activities of hospital pharmacists has increased a little and there were structural changes in hospital pharmacy service activities to increase the professionalism in providing care. However, the pharmacy departments were understaffed hampering the strive to increase the provision of professional pharmaceutical service in hospitals.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2011

This paper aims to find out the unique Oriental Medical characteristics of the prescription Gami-Bojeongsan(加味普正散), which can only be found in "Cheong-gang Euigam(晴崗醫鑑)" and the records of diagnosis by Kim Yeong Hoon. First, clues regarding Gami-Bojeongsan (加味普正散) in "Cheong-gang Euigam(晴崗醫鑑)" and the records of diagnosis by Kim Yeong Hoon have been collected, and then the origin of Gami-Bojeongsan(加味普正散) has been studied. Moreover, changes of prescriptions for common cold in East Asian Medicine have been looked into from historical perspective, and their connection to Gami-Bojeongsan(加味普正散) has also been researched. Lastly, connection of prescriptions for common cold found in royal records of the Chosun Dynasty to Gami-Bojeongsan(加味普正散) has been confirmed. The results are as follow: 1) Gami-Bojeongsan(加味普正散) is a most frequently used prescription in the records of diagnosis by Kim Yeong Hoon, and was used mostly in winter. It includes various modified versions. 2) Prescriptions that adopt Cyperi Rhizoma(香附子) as the sovereign medicinal, such as Gami-Bojeongsan(加味普正散), include Hyangsosan(香蘇散) of "Hejijufang(和劑局方)" and Hyang-gal-tang (香葛湯) of "Dexiaofang(得效方)". Hyang-gal-tang(香葛湯) is thought to have adopted Korean characteristics through "Dong-Eui-Bo-Gam (東醫寶鑑)" and "Je-Jung-Shin-Pyeon(濟衆新編)", and have continued its existence until it reached Gami-Bojeongsan(加味普正散). 3) These characteristics can be found in the royal records of the Chosun Dynasty, and also in Shin-Su-Tae-Eul-San(神授太乙散) of "Euibang-Yuchui (醫方類聚)".

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to analysis the composition of herbal formulations about a series of Wolgug-Hwan(WGH, formed by Gukchur-won and Sagung-san) in Dongeuibogam written by Heo Jun. Methods : The series of WGH in Dongeuibogam were selected by 'Prescription Lineage Graph' (http://164.125.206.43/PrescriptionLineageGraph.aspx) established by prof. Lee at Pusan National University. In the analysis of a series of WGH, we used some formulation books including classics. Results : Gaeuldogi-tang(GDT) is formed by WGH, Yeonggangchulgam-tang(YGT), Yugil-san (YIS) and Gungchul-san. Cheongul-san(CUS) is formed by WGH, Ijin-tang(IJT), YGT and Haegeum -hwan(HGH). Sosikcheongul-san(SCS) is formed by CUS and IJT. Jeungmiijin-tang(JIT) is formed by WGH, IJT, Sambaek-tang and Gyullyeonjichul-hwan. Sihoeokgan-tang(SET) is formed by WGH, Sihosogan-san(SSS) and Jigolpi-eum. Wolgukbohwa-hwan(WBH) is formed by WGH, Bohwa-hwan, Mokyangjichul-hwan and Hwangnyeon-tang(HNT). Chimsa-hwan(CSH) is formed by WGH, Injinho-tang(IHT), Yungmisamneung-hwan, Jeungmisamul-tang and Sinseongugi-tang. Conclusions : SCS, CUS, or JIT has been used frequently in case of phlegm-fire. These are formulated by the combination of WGH and IJT with Samseon-san or HGH or Jichul-hwan according to the special symptoms, respectively. SET which is formulated by WGH and SSS has been used in case of stagnation of liver-qi. GDT, WBH or CSH has been used in damp-heat. These are formulated by the combination of WGH with YIS, HNT, or IHT, respectively.