• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1332-1340
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• 2001

This study was designed (1) to examine the results of previous qualitative research on clothing-wearing motives by quantitative approach, (2) to explore the concept of clothing utility, utility-reduction and discard, and (3) to investigate the impact of clothing-wearing motives on consumer attitudes and consuming-behaviors. Date were collected by questionnaire from 443 collegiate students between August and September of 2000, and 396 questionnaires were analyzed. 3 groups were identified on the basis of clothing-wearing motives and named by extroversion group, introversion group, and least clothing-congnizing group respectively. This supported the qualitative results in part, especially in the direction of motives. Clothing utility-reduction factors were identified as appearance demage, social-psychological damage, and abandonment-causing damage. The 3 groups were responded on utility-reduction differently, thus clothing-wearing motive variable was determined as useful in fashion marketing.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2015

Objective : The current study investigated the personality characteristics in the victims of sexual violence, by using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) test which are commonly used in clinical medicine. Methods : A total of 40 victims of sexual violence (only female) completed the Korean version of the MMPI. 31 (77.5%), and theywere patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. These victims of sexual violence had been admitted to the Dankook University Hospital in Cheonan. Results : The MMPI scores of the sexual victims were significantly higher on Hs, D, Hy, Pd, Pa, Pt, Sc, and Si, than the comparison group by ANCOVA. Conclusion : The victims of sexual violence may have developed the following characteristics: hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, psychopathic deviate, paranoia, psychasthenia, schizoid and social introversion. The finding suggests psychotic psychopathology rather than neurotic psychopathology. These results suggested that the psychopatholgy in the victims of sexual violence may be different, compared to the control group.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.442-450
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relation between personality traits and awareness of gender equality. Method: A descriptive survey design was used and 688 students in fifth and sixth grades in 3 elementary schools were selected as participants. Result: 1. Level of gender equality awareness among the students was 2.82. This is higher than average and was most influenced by awareness of family life, followed by awareness in education, work environment and social-cultural life. 2. Students with higher levels of extraversion-introversion had higher levels of awareness of gender equality in family life, work environment, and education. Students with higher levels of tough-mindedness showed lower levels of gender equality awareness in family life and work environment, while those with higher levels of lying showed lower levels of gender equality awareness in social-cultural life. Conclusion: Personality traits and awareness of gender equality were correlated to some degree. However, in order to understand the characteristics of childhood personality traits and the behaviors of our children though the mediation of the gender equality awareness as society changes, and to let them grow with understanding of gender equality, it is essential to implement various kinds of education in families, schools, and the society.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2001

Objectives: In order to investigate personality of oriental medical students by MMPI elementarily. Methods: This study was done by comparing the score of MMPI and Sasang questionnaire. The scores of MMPI and Sasang were verified by examination of T-test and Tukey's HSD Procedure. Results: 1. According to comparison between male and female, there is no meaning. But between unmarried group and married group, there is a difference of MMPI T-scores for L, K-scale significantly. 2. In the distinction of sex and marriage between A group and B group, the MMPI T-scores of male and unmarried group have more significance on the various scale. 3. According to comparative anaylsis of MMPI and Sasang questionnaire, Um group(Tae-um, So-um group) showed significant results in D(Depression), PT(Psychasthenia), SI(Social Introversion) scales of the MMPI. 4. In comparison between the temperament of Sasang and analysis of MMPI profile, Tae-um and So-um groups showed many similarities. Conclusion: According to the above results, it is considered that MMPI can be applied to classification of constitution.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.550-560
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the psychological factors that affect marital satisfaction or divorce likelihood in clinical couples. Methods: Clinical couples (n=57) who visited "M" couple clinic participated in the study. Data was collected from September 2005 to June 2006 using a Marital Satisfaction Scale, a Marital Status Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Results: The couples showed high scores on depression, obsessive-compulsion, personality factors and divorce probability and a low score on marital satisfaction. The wife's obsessive-compulsion was a predictor of her marital satisfaction, and the wife's social introversion and depression, and husband's obsessive-compulsion were predictors of the wife's prospect of divorce. The husband's hypomania and depression were predictors of his marital satisfaction, and there were no predictors of the husband's prospect of divorce. Conclusion: Obsessive-compulsion is a significant factor in a couple's relationship, although previous studies have not been interested in obsessive-compulsion. Divorce likelihood should be evaluated for clinical couples as well as marital satisfaction, because it is more important for divorce prevention. Each spouse who has a psycho logical problem such as depression, obsessive-compulsion, and deviated personality needs individual therapy as well as couple therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.149-162
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• 2006

Objectives : This study examined psychopathology, abuse history and the relation of them in sheltered runaway adolescents. The purpose is to investigate characteristics of adolescents who are in shelters according to abuse type and then to offer basic data which are needed in establishing comprehensive protection policy for runaway adolescents. Methods : One hundred twenty eighty adolescents who stay in the runaway shelters were asked to complete self-report questionnaires including basic sociodemographic data, Korean Youth Self Report (K-YSR), Minnestota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and then examined the correlation of psychopathology and abuse in runaway adolescents. Results : In abused runaway adolescents, social performance scale of K-YSR was higher than school performance sealer and among scales of behavioral problem syndrome delinquent scale was highest. Scales of behavioral problem syndrome showed relatively significant correlation with abuse history. In MMPI scale of psychopathic deviate scale was highest, social introversion showed significant correlation with emotional abuse, and psychopathic deviate and hypomania showed significant correlation with physical abuse, neglect and sexual abuse. In SCL-90-R somatization scale was highest. Scales of somatization, hostility, and paranoid ideation scale were significantly high in adolescents with emotional abuse and neglect history, and scores of anxiety and depression scale were significantly high in sexually abused adolescents. Conclusion : Runaway adolescents who had abuse experience showed significantly higher level of psychopathology than general adolescents and there were various interrelations between them according to the presence and the type of abuse. More precise psychiatric evaluation and detailed treatment intervention for runaway adolescents are needed.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.265-286
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• 2020

Purpose Among various psychosocial factors, negative social comparison, attention blocking to stimuli, and cognitive interference via information overload are considered most critical in hindering the effective performance improvement of computer-based idea generation. Given that the effect of negative social comparison along with a plausible solution based on the notion of performance feedback and goal setting has been successfully addressed, this study focused on the remaining issues of "attention blocking to stimuli and cognitive interference via information overload" and attempted to find a way to alleviate the effect of such process losses on performance. Design/methodology/approach A 2 × 4 between-subjects design was used, crossing cognitive ability (high and low) and personality (extroversion and introversion). Five subjects per each treatment were randomly selected to make the sample size equal. The group simulator was used to measure individual-level performance. The dependent variables were the quantity of and quality score of ideas. The manner by which these performance measures were operationalized was consistent with prior studies. An additional analysis using the number of diverse ideas was also conducted. Findings Three arguments were made in this study: (1) high cognitive individuals would perform better than low cognitive individuals, (2) extraverted individuals would perform better than introverted individuals, and (3) cognitive ability and personality would interact such that individuals in Q1 would have the highest performance. Cognitive ability had an effect on quality not quantity. Personality had an effect on both quantity and quality. An interaction between cognitive ability and personality was not found due to small sample size despite the use of the group simulator.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• no.1
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• pp.129-157
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• 1995

I made a careful study of affective variables in foreign language learning Affective variables have not been adequately investigated in the study of second language acquisition. Egoism and inhibition are two egocentric factors which play important roles in foreign language learning. Three sociocultural variables. cultural factors, introversion / extroversion, and aggression may be keys to understanding the social nature of second language learning. And the emerging of cognition and affect in "cognitive styles", which vary within and among individuals, might account for varying degree of success in learning a second language. In the process of learning English. the students new to foreign language come to face the language barrier. though they express the deep interest and feel excited at the beginning stage. Of course, the several reasons can explain this fact. but more specially they can be explained in terms of such personal affective factors as age, aptitude, personality, and first of all, motivation. Also the socicultural factors between language and culture can be considered to the learner's aptitude toward the language. Affective factors of students are involved in personality. and personality and affective factors affect English learning. Affective variables of students affect the will to take part in English learning, and the rate of participation in English learning affect the fluency. If students feel inconvenience in English class, it is rarely that they run a risk. Students who do not run a risk in English class are short of spontaneous participation Consequently, it may have negative influence on the accuracy and the fluency of English. Therefore, teachers must be more influential in motivating students and specially attentive so that the students may not make the negative and inhibitive language learning attitude.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess influences of psychological factors on sleep disturbances in young adults through the revised version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2). Methods: Two hundred and ninety nine college students in Gyeonggi-do completed the MMPI-2 and a questionnaire related to sleep disturbances and collected data were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: The odds of tooth grinding increased significantly with the increase of T-score of hysteria (Hy) scale. The increase of T-score of hypomania (Ma) and social introversion (Si) scale significantly contributed to the risk of insomnia. The occurrence of insomnia increased significantly as T-score of somatic complaints (RC1) and psychoticism (PSYC) scale increased. The odds of tooth grinding increased significantly as T-score of anxiety (ANX) and family problems (FAM) scale increased. The occurrence of insomnia decreased significantly with the increase of T-score of type A behavior (TPA) scale. The increase of T-score of dominance (Do) scale significantly contributed to the risk of tooth clenching. The odds of tooth grinding decreased significantly as T-score of MacAndrew alcoholism-revised (MAC-R) scale increased, whereas it increased significantly as T-score of addiction potential scale (APS) increased. No scale of MMPI-2 significantly affected the occurrence of snoring. Conclusions: T-scores of Hy, ANX, FAM, Do, MAC-R, and APS scales on MMPI-2 affected the risk of bruxism. T-scores of Ma, Si, RC1, PSYC, and TPA scales on MMPI-2 influenced the occurrence of insomnia. The psychometric instrument such as MMPI-2 is helpful in understanding and managing bruxism and insomnia.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2009

Objective : This study examined psychiatric characteristics of wounded persons of Daegu subway fire accident occurring in February 2003 after six years. Methods : 103 wounded persons completed psychometric measures at 2 months and 6 years after the accident. Changes of psychiatric symptoms were compared and factors affecting post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) seriousness were examined. Results : In Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the scores of Psychopathic Deviate (Pd), Masculinity/ Femininity (Mf), Social Introversion (Si) scales were significantly changed over time. The scores of Symptoms Checklist-90-Revision subscales were mostly decreased over time, however, paranoid ideation (PAR) subsclae scores were not significantly changed over time. In all of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)-State, Beck Depression Inventory, Impact of Event Scale, and PTSD Checklist-Civilian, mean scores at 6 years after the accident were significantly lower than those at 2 months after the accident. However, STAI-Trait score was not significantly changed over time. Total seriousness of PTSD was found to be affected by quality of sleep. Conclusions : Psychiatric symptoms of subjects were largely improved over time, but distrust and doubt of others were continued. In addition, the wounded persons suffered from sleep problems. Therefore, early and continuous interventions of public institutions and public health specialists are needed for the wounded persons with chronic psychiatric disorders.