• Korean small business review
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.77-93
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• 2011

Since 2000, the employment rate of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has dwindled while the creation of new jobs and the emergence of healthy SMEs have been stagnant. The fundamental reason for these symptoms is that the economic structure is disadvantageous to SMEs. In particular, the greater gap between SMEs and large enterprises has resulted in polarization, and the resulting imbalance has become the largest obstacle to improving SMEs' competitiveness. For example, the total productivity has continued to drop, and the average productivity of SMEs is now merely 30% of that of large enterprises, and the average wage of SMEs' employees is only 53% of that of large enterprises. Along with polarization, rapid industrialization has also caused anti-enterprise consensus, the collapse of the middle class, hostility towards establishments, and other aftereffects. The general consensus is that unless these problems are solved, South Korea will not become an advanced country. Especially, South Korea is now facing issues that need urgent measures, such as the decline of its economic growth, the worsening distribution of profits, and the increased external volatility. Recognizing such negative trends, the MB administration proposed a win-win growth policy and recently introduced a new national value called "ecosystemic development." As the terms in such policy agenda are similar, however, the conceptual differences among such terms must first be fully understood. Therefore, in this study, the concepts of win-win growth policy and ecosystemic development, and the need for them, were surveyed, and their differences from and similarities with other policy concepts like win-win cooperation and symbiotic development were examined. Based on the results of the survey and examination, the study introduced a South Korean model of win-win growth, targeting the promotion of a sound balance between large enterprises and SMEs and an innovative ecosystem, and finally, proposing future policy tasks. Win-win growth is not an academic term but a policy term. Thus, it is less advisable to give a theoretical definition of it than to understand its concept based on its objective and method as a policy. The core of the MB administration's win-win growth policy is the creation of a partnership between key economic subjects such as large enterprises and SMEs based on each subject's differentiated capacity, and such economic subjects' joint promotion of growth opportunities. Its objective is to contribute to the establishment of an advanced capitalistic system by securing the sustainability of the South Korean economy. Such win-win growth policy includes three core concepts. The first concept, ecosystem, is that win-win growth should be understood from the viewpoint of an industrial ecosystem and should be pursued by overcoming the issues of specific enterprises. An enterprise is not an independent entity but a social entity, meaning it exists in relationship with the society (Drucker, 2011). The second concept, balance, points to the fact that an effort should be made to establish a systemic and social infrastructure for a healthy balance in the industry. The social system and infrastructure should be established in such a way as to create a balance between short- term needs and long-term sustainability, between freedom and responsibility, and between profitability and social obligations. Finally, the third concept is the behavioral change of economic entities. The win-win growth policy is not merely about simple transactional relationships or determining reasonable prices but more about the need for a behavior change on the part of economic entities, without which the objectives of the policy cannot be achieved. Various advanced countries have developed different win-win growth models based on their respective cultures and economic-development stages. Japan, whose culture is characterized by a relatively high level of group-centered trust, has developed a productivity improvement model based on such culture, whereas the U.S., which has a highly developed system of market capitalism, has developed a system that instigates or promotes market-oriented technological innovation. Unlike Japan or the U.S., Europe, a late starter, has not fully developed a trust-based culture or market capitalism and thus often uses a policy-led model based on which the government leads the improvement of productivity and promotes technological innovation. By modeling successful cases from these advanced countries, South Korea can establish its unique win-win growth system. For this, it needs to determine the method and tasks that suit its circumstances by examining the prerequisites for its success as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each advanced country. This paper proposes a South Korean model of win-win growth, whose objective is to upgrade the country's low-trust-level-based industrial structure, in which large enterprises and SMEs depend only on independent survival strategies, to a high-trust-level-based social ecosystem, in which large enterprises and SMEs develop a cooperative relationship as partners. Based on this objective, the model proposes the establishment of a sound balance of systems and infrastructure between large enterprises and SMEs, and to form a crenovative social ecosystem. The South Korean model of win-win growth consists of three axes: utilization of the South Koreans' potential, which creates community-oriented energy; fusion-style improvement of various control and self-regulated systems for establishing a high-trust-level-oriented social infrastructure; and behavioral change on the part of enterprises in terms of putting an end to their unfair business activities and promoting future-oriented cooperative relationships. This system will establish a dynamic industrial ecosystem that will generate creative energy and will thus contribute to the realization of a sustainable economy in the 21st century. The South Korean model of win-win growth should pursue community-based self-regulation, which promotes the power of efficiency and competition that is fundamentally being pursued by capitalism while at the same time seeking the value of society and community. Already existing in Korea's traditional roots, such objectives have become the bases of the Shinbaram culture, characterized by the South Koreans' spontaneity, creativity, and optimism. In the process of a community's gradual improvement of its rules and procedures, the trust among the community members increases, and the "social capital" that guarantees the successful control of shared resources can be established (Ostrom, 2010). This basic ideal can help reduce the gap between large enterprises and SMEs, alleviating the South Koreans' victim mentality in the face of competition and the open-door policy, and creating crenovative corporate competitiveness. The win-win growth policy emerged for the purpose of addressing the polarization and imbalance structure resulting from the evolution of 21st-century capitalism. It simultaneously pursues efficiency and fairness on one hand and economic and community values on the other, and aims to foster efficient interaction between the market and the government. This policy, however, is also evolving. The win-win growth policy can be considered an extension of the win-win cooperation that the past 'Participatory Government' promoted at the enterprise management level to the level of systems and culture. Also, the ecosystemic development agendum that has recently emerged is a further extension that has been presented as a national ideal of "a new development model that promotes the co-advancement of environmental conservation, growth, economic development, social integration, and national and individual development."

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.164-178
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• 2020

This study was intended to study how social responsibility of small businesses affected tax avoidance. Specifically, it was intended to verify how social responsibility is influenced by tax psychological factors and how it is related to tax avoidance by making it an economic liability factor, an ethical liability factors. For him, the empirical data were reviewed, the questionnaire was prepared, and the collected data was analyzed using SPSS ver. 22.0 and PROCESS MACRO ver. 3.4. The verification showed that corporate economic and ethical responsibilities affected tax avoidance and that legal responsibility did not affect tax evasion, and that tax psychological factors mediated some of the effects of social responsibility on tax avoidance. Judging from the above results, it is doubtful that the prevention of tax evasion would require tax incentives to offset the costs incurred by an enterprise's economic responsibilities, and to establish a strict tax code to prevent one or two tax evasions from spreading throughout the group. In this study, however, there are limitations that arise from differences between variables omitted from the research model and methods of measuring tax hedges. Therefore, further studies using a wider variety of variables are required in subsequent studies.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.117-127
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• 2012

Due to the recent expansion of the Web 2.0 -based services, along with the widespread of smartphones, online social network services are being popularized among users. Online social network services are the online community services which enable users to communicate each other, share information and expand human relationships. In the social network services, each relation between users is represented by a graph consisting of nodes and links. As the users of online social network services are increasing rapidly, the SNS are actively utilized in enterprise marketing, analysis of social phenomenon and so on. Social Network Analysis (SNA) is the systematic way to analyze social relationships among the members of the social network using the network theory. In general social network theory consists of nodes and arcs, and it is often depicted in a social network diagram. In a social network diagram, nodes represent individual actors within the network and arcs represent relationships between the nodes. With SNA, we can measure relationships among the people such as degree of intimacy, intensity of connection and classification of the groups. Ever since Social Networking Services (SNS) have drawn increasing attention from millions of users, numerous researches have made to analyze their user relationships and messages. There are typical representative SNA methods: degree centrality, betweenness centrality and closeness centrality. In the degree of centrality analysis, the shortest path between nodes is not considered. However, it is used as a crucial factor in betweenness centrality, closeness centrality and other SNA methods. In previous researches in SNA, the computation time was not too expensive since the size of social network was small. Unfortunately, most SNA methods require significant time to process relevant data, and it makes difficult to apply the ever increasing SNS data in social network studies. For instance, if the number of nodes in online social network is n, the maximum number of link in social network is n(n-1)/2. It means that it is too expensive to analyze the social network, for example, if the number of nodes is 10,000 the number of links is 49,995,000. Therefore, we propose a heuristic-based method for finding the shortest path among users in the SNS user graph. Through the shortest path finding method, we will show how efficient our proposed approach may be by conducting betweenness centrality analysis and closeness centrality analysis, both of which are widely used in social network studies. Moreover, we devised an enhanced method with addition of best-first-search method and preprocessing step for the reduction of computation time and rapid search of the shortest paths in a huge size of online social network. Best-first-search method finds the shortest path heuristically, which generalizes human experiences. As large number of links is shared by only a few nodes in online social networks, most nods have relatively few connections. As a result, a node with multiple connections functions as a hub node. When searching for a particular node, looking for users with numerous links instead of searching all users indiscriminately has a better chance of finding the desired node more quickly. In this paper, we employ the degree of user node vn as heuristic evaluation function in a graph G = (N, E), where N is a set of vertices, and E is a set of links between two different nodes. As the heuristic evaluation function is used, the worst case could happen when the target node is situated in the bottom of skewed tree. In order to remove such a target node, the preprocessing step is conducted. Next, we find the shortest path between two nodes in social network efficiently and then analyze the social network. For the verification of the proposed method, we crawled 160,000 people from online and then constructed social network. Then we compared with previous methods, which are best-first-search and breath-first-search, in time for searching and analyzing. The suggested method takes 240 seconds to search nodes where breath-first-search based method takes 1,781 seconds (7.4 times faster). Moreover, for social network analysis, the suggested method is 6.8 times and 1.8 times faster than betweenness centrality analysis and closeness centrality analysis, respectively. The proposed method in this paper shows the possibility to analyze a large size of social network with the better performance in time. As a result, our method would improve the efficiency of social network analysis, making it particularly useful in studying social trends or phenomena.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.511-520
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• 1997

As the spatial analysis paradigm was established in the discipline during the 1960s, the regional geography became regrded as a nonscientific enterprise. However, school geography has remained an old fashioned regional paradigm. Since then, regional framework which characterized geography curricula in education has been attacked and replaced by more scientific and systematic content. But recently, globalization and localization has rapidly transformed the everyday life of ordinary people. This social change requires regional awareness in school. The purpose of this study is to find relevant learning theories for geography in deucation and to suggest principles of constructing content for regional geography. We must transform the logic of regional concepts into educational content with reference to the learning process. We must examine various propositions for the leaming process. According to the Atomic view of knowledge, the learning process is cumulative, but this can't be applied to sophisticated knowledge. In the Organic view, the learning process is regarded as gradual differentiation. But the learning process is reciprocal, and socially constructed. Applied to geography in education, this view regard "meaningful learning" as social interaction between student's private geographies and content based on public (or academic) geographies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.93-100
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• 2017

Recently, demands for high-performance flash-based storage devices (i.e., flash SSD) have rapidly grown in social network services, cloud computing, super-computing, and enterprise storage systems. The industry and academic communities made the NVMe specification for high-performance storage devices, and NVMe-based flash SSDs can be now obtained in the market. In this article, we evaluate performance of NoSQL databases that social network services and cloud computing services heavily adopt by using NVMe-based flash SSDs. To this end, we use NVMe SSD that Samsung Electronics recently developed, and the SSD used in this study has performance up to 3.5GB/s for sequential read/write operations. We use WiredTiger for NoSQL databases, and it is a default storage engine for MongoDB. Our experimental results show that log processing in NoSQL databases is a major overhead when high-performance NVMe-based flash SSDs are used. Furthermore, we optimize components of log processing and optimized WiredTiger show up to 15 times better performance than original WiredTiger.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.277-290
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• 2016

This research is about brief accomplishment analysis of Low-Income Class Business Incubator Project, based on applicants' perspective who has been supported by this project, which is funded by the enterprise. As a result of 'quality focused evaluation method', it shows that Low-Income Class Business Incubator Project's applicants experience both economic and non-economic accomplishments such as "work with responsibility," "better future in reality," "Self and change of relationships around self". It concludes that "experience of difference" or "providing hope for Low-income class" brought positive effects on applicants who participated in this projects. The study revealed the virtue of this Low-Income Class Business Incubator Project and reassured its message: the importance of major corporate' responsibility in solving social issues, especially in poverty and its independence.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2014

Recently, blogs have attracted much attention as personal media. The power of blogs as a way to provide valuable resources on Internet is so tremendous because of the high speed of information dissemination and the huge influence of the circulated information on Internet users even when the information itself is not true. Especially, contents on blogs that attract a lot of public attention are sometimes reproduced or magnified in an inappropriate way. In this paper, a method to measure the trust level of contents posted on personal blogs is proposed to reduce the damage of wrong information circulated along with blog networks. Trust variables such as relationship data in SNS are used to measure the comparative trust level of blog contents. The structure of the prototype system is also designed to apply this framework to blogsphere.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.195-201
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• 2018

The government and the police are trying to expand the safety of the people by spreading "four major social evil erasures" intensively crackdown and prevention activities of sexual assault, school violence, domestic violence, and bad foods for the main purpose of security activities I made an effort. However, in spite of such efforts, the public's feelings of social unrest and the concern about security have not been significantly improved. Therefore, in this paper, using R which is the tool for analyzing big data which is most widely used in each field such as enterprise, consulting, public field, etc., R Using variables measured at each level, we analyzed by analyzing multiple regression analyzes, and confirmed what kind of correlation there is in relation to the direction affecting policy improvement I will try to present it.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2005

Recently, the mobile game industry is explosively extending and advancing. Nevertheless, although research on IT acceptance has been actively performed, the effective studies have not been accomplished in the acceptance of mobile game. This study, therefore, explores the factors affecting customer's intention to use mobile game. Five external factors(service quality, social influence, instant connectivity, self-innovativeness, and self-efficacy) are proposed to test the several hypotheses. The factors are classified to three dimensions - system, individual, and society. The research model is based on various studies on TAM(Technology Acceptance Model) and mobile service. A survey of mobile game users collected 270 cases, and we used 261 cases for statistical analyses. The analyses show that service quality, instant connectivity, self-innovativeness, and self-efficacy have an indirect effect on the intention to use through perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. We provide the important factors that should be focused on when an enterprise develops and promotes new mobile game products.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.353-368
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• 2013

All Koreans had suffered heavily from municipal and industrial air pollution problems since 1960's to 1980's. However the levels of $SO_2$, CO, and Pb have been dramatically decreased since 1990's due to various air pollutants' reduction policies under the provisions of the 1978 Environmental Preservation Act and the 1990 Air Quality Preservation Act such as increasing the supply of low-sulfur fuel, the use of cleaner fuel, no use of solid fuel, and so on. Even though the national ambient air quality standard has been strengthened to protect public health and welfare, the levels of $NO_2$, $O_3$, and $PM_{10}$ frequently exceed the corresponding standards; for example, only 4 stations (1.7%) out of 239 nationwide monitoring stations satisfied the 24-hr based PM10 standard in 2011. Moreover, upto the present time, since there are serious underlying policies of economism and growth-first which can not be solely solved by the environmental laws, it is difficult to root out undesirable social evils such as public indifference, passive academic activities, complacent government bureaucracy, insufficient social responsibility of enterprise, and radical activities of environmental groups. The paper initially reviewed air pollution history of Korea with surveying various environmental factors affecting in/out-door air pollution in the past Korea. Further this study extensively investigated legal and political changes on air pollution control and management for the last 50 years, and then intensively discussed the present environment-related laws and policies unreasonably enforced in Korea. It is necessary to practically revise many outdated legal policies based on health-oriented thinking and on our current economic levels as well.