• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to discover about the parenting anxiety of working mother and full-time mother with elementary school children, and to find ways to support them. All the study participants were 20 mothers with elementary school children. Data was collected from June 23, 2017 to July 8, 2017. Data was collected using in-depth group interviews. Parenting anxiety felt by working mothers is 'sorry about the child', 'burden on the role of parents', and 'difficulty in caring', 'Reemployment and career disconnection'. The conclusion is as follows. First, it is necessary to reduce the burden of raising children on elementary school children of both working and full-time mothers. Second, practical support plans are needed for working mothers and full-time mothers of elementary school children. Third, practical support plans are needed for working mothers and full-time mothers with elementary school children.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.9.1-9
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• 2001

Concerning the development of suitable healthcare equipment for a aged people at their homes in order to reduce the labor and increase the efficiency in the homehelpers' work, we conducted a study on the actual conditions of healthcare in Kyoto city (healthcare in taking a meal and excretion, moving and taking a bath by using a hand-powered lift, moving by a wheelchair, shower carrier healthcare, assistance in body care and housework) by digital video filming, interviews and layout investigations. On the base of those investigations by using methods for analysis of video pictures, we divided the healthcate work into scenes and e exctracted the main problems in terms of health care equipment, information, environment, healthcare skills, mental burden, social s system, family burden, ete. Furthermore the questionnaire survey of home helpers (18 persons - 50% answers) clarified that more than half of them have lumbago pains and the biggest load in the everyday healthcare c comes from moving the patients or getting them into or out of t the equipment for moving. Finally we considered concrete proposals appropriate for each h healthcare scene image, based on evaluation toward efficiency (design guidelines) for suitable healthcare equipment for aged people at their homes: 1) Design toward a proper posture 2) Design toward self-help possibility 3) Design toward patient active participation 4) Design toward rationality of the whole process 5) Design toward place-appropriate healthcare equipment 6) Design toward healing of mind 7) Good level of healthcare skills 8) Economic, systematic rationality

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.73-86
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors affecting Korean Baby Boomers' life satisfaction. Using data from Demographic Profiles and Welfare Needs of Middle Aged Persons(2010), this study focuses on whether there is a gender difference in predictors of life satisfaction. Analysis results show that there is a significant variability in predictors of life satisfaction by gender. Couple satisfaction, self-rated health status, and expectations for the standard of living after 10 years were significant for both male and female models. It was noticeable to report that internet use level and monthly household income were unique predictors for male model; spouse parent care burden and parent-child satisfaction were unique predictors for female model. These findings suggest that it is vital for policy planners to take gender differences into account when designing and formulating public policies for Korean Baby Boomer.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.385-396
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the status of care-giving for the demented elderly and to find out the need of community in-house care services-day care services, short-term care services, home help services, and home care services. Method: It analyzed the data of 186 old people having dementia, and caregivers. Data were collected for five days, in September 2002. Results: The caregivers were mostly women and the burden for the care giving was high (87.5%). They used community care services, that is, day care services (26.5%), home care services (21.6%), home help services 00.8%), short-term care services (6.2%). Caregivers' age and education level were significant factors in the demand for day care services. Caregivers' education level was a statistically significant factor in the demand for short-term care services and home help services. Caregivers' age and education level were significant factors in the demand for home care services. Conclusions: It is necessary to expand the financial aid for the active implementation of daytime protection for dementia-patients under medical treatment at home and to promote patients' recovery. It is necessary to enhance home help services and home care services, and to establish many day care centers and short term care centers. Through this, it will prevent caregivers from becoming burnt out due to the burden of care giving.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.119-130
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to estimate the rate of credit card payment for private education. The results of study can be used to improve credit card handling problems of private educational institutes, leading toward improvements in income transparency, increase in tax burden equity and long-term economic welfare improvement for individual households. 424 households out of 586 household that were surveyed in September of 2002 had 1,700 cases private extracurricular education. 67 of the 1,700 cases that did not have expenditure records were removed from the analysis. Only 3.67％ out of 1,633 cases were paid by a credit cards and the amount of credit card payment were only 5.65％ of the total amount spent for private education. The average fee of private educational institutes that allow credit card payment was higher than the fees of private institutes which don't allow a credit card payment or those of private institutes where consumers don't know whether a credit card payment was allowed. The average fee of private education paid by credit cards was 34,465.46 won higher than that paid by cash. Credit card payments to private educational institutions is an important social issue with respect to fair tax collection and tax burden equity since most private educational services operate in fairly small sizes and are offered by the self-employed, and the expense of private education is a fairly large proportion of the household income. It is also important for consumers if credit card acceptance expands alternatives that consumers can choose in private education. Therefore, credit card payment should be encouraged in private extracurricular education. To do this, private education providers should be forced to join a credit card payment service by the National Tax Service. A regulation that prohibits the refusal of credit card payments should be required, and credit card service charges of private education providers should be incrementally decreased. Also, consumer education and public promotions for credit card use instead of cash in paying for private education fees are recommended.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.172-183
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• 2019

Modern society has a tendency to raise fewer children. As a result, parents became more interested in their children's creative ways of thinking and began to look for new ways of teaching. The child care support center expects a positive effect by lending various toys and books to improve the physical, emotional and social characteristics of children and to help reduce household burden on parents. In this paper, we design and implement a rental return system to effectively utilize a toy library operated by the child care support center. The proposed system makes it easy for any user to search for items in any branch operated by the Child Care Support Center and to manage loan return records. The administrator can manage data such as loans, returns, and past due from the rental return processing system, and effectively operate the child care support center through statistics of data generated. Children are expected to be given a variety of entertainment cultures and cultural benefits to their families to ease the burden of parenting.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.537-554
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• 2018

The era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution calls for creativity - convergence talent. In addition to having mathematical knowledge, they can create new technologies by linking them to other fields. This social trend is also reflected in the 2015 revised curriculum, and plans to further expand the STEAM education emphasized since 2011. Many teachers who had previous experience with STEAM training were satisfied with the STEAM teaching effectiveness. However, the reality is that the lack of expertise in other subjects is causing a burden on the ongoing implementation of convergence education. One way to alleviate these teachers' burden is to find the STEAM elements and then apply. Since the convergence education is required continuously, it is necessary to analyze the textbook according to the 2015 curriculum. In this study, we examined how the elements of the STEAM were apply in 7th grade textbooks. Based on the classification framework proposed by Yakman (2008), a new classification framework was devised and applied to the analysis.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.291-302
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• 2023

Objectives: Disability weights require regular updates, as they are influenced by both diseases and societal perceptions. Consequently, it is necessary to develop an up-to-date list of the causes of diseases and establish a survey panel for estimating disability weights. Accordingly, this study was conducted to calculate, assess, modify, and validate disability weights suitable for Korea, accounting for its cultural and social characteristics. Methods: The 380 causes of disease used in the survey were derived from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network and from 2019 and 2020 Korean studies on disability weights for causes of disease. Disability weights were reanalyzed by integrating the findings of an earlier survey on disability weights in Korea with those of the additional survey conducted in this study. The responses were transformed into paired comparisons and analyzed using probit regression analysis. Coefficients for the causes of disease were converted into predicted probabilities, and disability weights in 2 models (model 1 and 2) were rescaled using a normal distribution and the natural logarithm, respectively. Results: The mean values for the 380 causes of disease in models 1 and 2 were 0.488 and 0.369, respectively. Both models exhibited the same order of disability weights. The disability weights for the 300 causes of disease present in both the current and 2019 studies demonstrated a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.994 (p=0.001 for both models). This study presents a detailed add-on approach for calculating disability weights. Conclusions: This method can be employed in other countries to obtain timely disability weight estimations.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.115-141
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• 2003

The aim of this paper is to describe a long-term trend toward earlier retirement and its reversal since 1985 in the United States, together with changes in socioeconomic conditions and social-policy programs which have contributed to this new development. The American people's recent propensity to retire at relatively younger ages was mainly a result of secular increase in individual wealth that had made it possible for them to enjoy higher standard of living without their participation in labor market activities at older ages. In addition to the introduction of compulsory retirement system, both social security retirement pension program and corporate pension system have also contributed significantly to the declining retirement age and its reversal around the mid-1980s. This paper pays full attention to the set of social policy programs which are currently being used to sustain the recent reversal in ages at retirement. The basic question to be raised here, however, is about whether or not the U. S. government will ave to continue to implement the social policies and programs used to discourage the elderly from retiring at relatively younger ages in the future. In this paper, it is argued that labor productivity growth and improvement in work attitude prior to retirement will help the elderly find little difficulties in having higher standard of living, despite their further lengthening of life expectancy at birth and post-retirement survival chances, the latter being often called the "third life". Most American people hope that the social-policy programs that have promoted early retirement will remain unchanged in the first part of the 21st century while they will put significant financial burden on their future descendants who have to work in the paid labor market. Taking this observation in consideration, this paper concludes that the U. S. government has to focus more on developing the programs that improve work propensity and labor productivity among the currently working-age population rather than continuing to implement the programs that sustain the recent reversal in retirement ages.ment ages.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.3-35
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• 2018

This article critically reviews the arguments that deny the financial feasbility and effectiveness of universal basic income as an alternative to existing social security systems and makes some suggestions to design effective and efficient basic income schemes. Regarding the financial feasibility of universal basic income, I argue that replacement of the existing regressive tax expenditures with universal basic income without raising tax rates can effectively reduce tax burden or provide income support to a majority of people except the rich. Addition of basic income to the tax base and reduction of the number of beneficiaries of public assistance and the amount of cash payment for them can further help save money. Regarding the redistributive effect, I note that the targeting ability of the existing social security systems is not good and that "the paradox of redistribution" that universal-type programs tend to be more redistributive than selective programs applies to universal basic income as well. I demonstrate significant redistributive effect of a hypothetical revenue-neutral basic income scheme and reviews several empirical studies done in Korea and abroad to show that basic income can be more effective in redistribution than social insurances or public assistance programs. Lastly, I emphasize the need to construct a reliable tax-benefit microsimulation model to help researchers to study redistributive effects of basic income schemes and other taxes and social policies.