• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.11-24
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• 2018

This study was based on previous ones that demonstrate how social exclusion leads to a desire for physical warmth. Research was conducted using odor-induced emotions to predict social exclusion, leading to a pursuit of emotional warmth and avoidance of emotional distance. For this purpose, a preliminary study sought to select odors perceived to be emotionally warm and emotionally distant, after which two experiments verified differences in odor preference between the social exclusion group and the control group. Results indicated that individuals who have experienced social exclusion had a stronger preference for warm odors and a weaker preference for cold odors compared to those who have not been socially ostracized. This study has theoretical value in terms of expanding the social exclusion-induced desire for physical warmth into the emotional dimension as well as examining the avoidance of emotional coldness, which had been overlooked in previous research studies. This also leads to practical implications for comfort foods, character emotions, emotional-space design, and emotions for artificial-intelligence chatbots.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2023

Objectives: This study was conducted to observe the progression of symptoms according to the treatment period of patients with social anxiety disorder who received complex Korean medicine treatment. Methods: The medical records of 25 patients who were diagnosed with social anxiety disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and received complex Korean medicine treatment (herbal medicine, acupuncture, and Korean psychotherapy) for 12 weeks were analyzed. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Korean-Social Avoidance and Distress scale (K-SAD), and the Korean-Fear of Negative Evaluation (K-FNE) were measured at the initial hospital visit and during the 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Missing values were replaced with the average evaluation index value at that time. Results: 1) Statistically significant changes in STAI-X1, STAI-X2, BDI-II, BAI, K-SAD, and K-FNE scores were seen according to the time of treatment. 2) When scores were compared between each treatment time point, STAI-X2 and BDI-II showed statistically significant changes between the initial visit and four weeks of treatment, the initial visit and eight weeks of treatment, and the initial visit and 12 weeks of treatment. STAI-X1 and K-FNE showed statistically significant changes between the initial visit and eight weeks of treatment and the initial visit and 12 weeks of treatment. There was a statistically significant change in BAI scores between the initial visit and the 12th week of treatment. Conclusions: Complex Korean medicine treatment alleviated anxiety, depression, fear, and avoidance of social situation symptoms in patients with social anxiety disorder. The longer the treatment period, the more symptoms tended to be alleviated. However, the evidence should be supplemented with prospective, controlled research.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.55-76
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to investigate why the applicants for entrance to the science and engineering college are shrinking. We focus on the social situation of the science and engineering college graduates, more concretely, focus on the job stability, social position and the compensation in comparison with the non-science and engineering college graduate. We find that the science and engineering college graduates have the higher rate of separation from his job, the fewer opportunity of improving the social situation and the lower compensation throughout his life from the first job in comparison with the non-science and engineering college graduates. However, this study can not identify why the science and engineering college graduates receive the socially unkind treatment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.677-687
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of pre-roll ads played before watching online video contents, and to investigate the using motives by dividing them into broadcasting contents clips and web original contents. The results show that broadcast contents clips have higher use of entertainment/habitual use and social interaction, and that the use time of web content is higher when entertainment/convenience and selective use motivation are higher. Second, perceived invasion has the greatest effect on ad avoidance in broadcasting contents clip, and positive attitude toward advertisement is a significant factor in web contents. Content factors such as content preference and engagement did not affect the avoidance of pre-roll ad.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.25-35
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• 2010

This study examined the potential mediating mechanisms underlying the association between peer victimization and school adjustment. 521 children in the fifth and sixth grades were recruited from primary schools in Korea. Peer nomination and self-reports were used to measure peer victimization, cognitive representations, and school avoidance. Academic achievement records were obtained from official school records. The findings indicated that peer victimization contributed to school avoidance and academic achievement by different pathways. The association between peer victimization and school avoidance was indirectly mediated by perceptions of the self and peers. In contrast, peer victimization was directly associated with academic achievement.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.286-297
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• 2020

This study explores how fear of isolation and willingness to speak out are affected by cultural values. The cross-cultural studies on the spiral of silent theory were conducted mostly in Eastern and Western countries and compared the results. It attributed to the results to the "individualist-collective" attitude difference. However, it did not explain the differences in the same individualism societies as well as in the collectivism societies. Thus, this study examined the impact of cultural values on the spiral of silence theory with 'individualism-collectivism' and 'uncertainty-avoidance'. To that end, the current study conducted online surveys in India, South Korea, the United States and Spain where have different levels of individualism, collectivism, and uncertainty-avoidance. As a result, individualism contributed to lower the fear of isolation, and collectivism and uncertainty avoidance have raised the fear of isolation. Besides, individualism and uncertainty avoidance also reinforce the willingness to speak out, while fear of social isolation has been shown to weaken the willingness to speak out. The study also found that fear of isolation has the mediated effect of individualism and collectivism on the willingness to speak out.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.221-238
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of intolerance of uncertainty and experiential avoidance on relationship addiction and to investigate the mediating effect of experiential avoidance in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and relationship addiction among unmarried adults. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted on unmarried adults aged 20 to 29 who are currently engaged in opposite-sex romantic relationships, and a total of 302 data were used for analysis.. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 29.0 and PROCESS MACRO v4.2. The main results of this study are as follows. First, intolerance of uncertainty and experiential avoidance had significant effects on relationship addiction. Second, experiential avoidance had a significant mediating effect between intolerance of uncertainty and relationship addiction tendencies. This study identified individual psychological factors that induce relationship addiction. Based on the research results, this study suggests directions for counseling interventions to reduce relationship addiction tendencies and promote healthier relationship patterns among unmarried adults.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.191-208
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• 2024

This paper proposes the presence and importance of cultural differences to address user engagement in worldwide social media platforms. Based on Hofstede's cultural dimensions, this paper addresses their new meanings in the context of user engagement in social media. Our propositions address two research questions: (1) how do cultural dimensions, displayed on social media platforms, differ across national cultures?; (2) what different preferences the social media platforms have in terms of which cultural dimensions promote or suppress user engagement? User engagement in social media platforms is explained by the cultural differences in terms of the four cultural dimensions: individualism vs. collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and masculinity vs. femininity. Implications are also discussed for research and practice.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 1996

Sixty-three children aged 5 and 6 years and their mothers and teachers participated in this study examining the association between attachment and social competence. The quality of attachment was assessed using Separation Anxiety Test developed by Slough and Greenberg. Mothers and teachers completed questionnaires regarding family background and social competence(Iowa Social Competence Scale:Preschool), Consistent with attachment theory and previous research, there were significant relationships between children's attachment quality and their social competence. Attachment scores were positively associated with Social Competence and Leadership scores and negatively with Apprehension and Hypersensitivity scores. In contrast, Avoidance scores were negatively correlated with Social Competence and Leadership scores and positively with Hypersensitivity scores.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.85-98
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the path model of child's sex, temperament, maternal parenting behavior, and child's emotion regulation on child social behaviors. The subjects were 286 elementary school children. Data were gathered through questionnaires reported by mothers and teachers. Path analysis revealed that (1) mother's overprotective or coercive parenting behaviors effected neither child's emotion regulation nor social behaviors (2) child's sex and activity level effected child's aggression both directly and indirectly through child's emotion regulation (3) child's 'activity level' and 'avoidance' temperament effected child's social withdrawal both directly and indirectly through child' emotion regulation. Findings underscore the role of emotion regulation as a mediator in predicting child aggression and social withdrawal.