• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.46
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• pp.145-177
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• 2001

This paper seeks to analyze how the welfare state has developed both in the Kim Young Sam government and in the Kim Dae Jung government. Among other things, the two governments share some similarities: compared to the previous authoritarian governments, both of them enjoyed a high level of democratic legitimacy; the two were under pressure to win the elections to acquire and remain in power; and finally, the two tried to strengthen welfare system. But there exist more critical differences. The Kim Dae Jung government was a minority government, while the Kim Young Sam government was a majority one. Compared to the latter one, the former came to power in an extremely bad economic condition. Fortunately, however, the Kim Dae Jung government was able to enjoy a relatively high level of state autonomy resulting from an exceptional situation of foreign currency crisis. In addition, it was more reformist in policy orientation and had a more open cooperative network with civil society. All these differences added up to produce remarkable differences with regard to the improvement in welfare development. Especially, it is noted that the Kim Dae Jung government was very successful in several respects: provision of national minimum, integration of national medical insurance, development of productive welfare system, and final1y increase in welfare spending. Recently, criticisms from the opposition party, the press, and middle and upper class people mount against the Kim Dae Jung government which has made significant mistakes in instituting the separation of medical and pharmaceutical businesses. However, the important improvements in welfare institutions and programs by the Kim Dae Jung government need to be maintained to deal with all the negative effects of a naked market economy. They must also be sustained to keep alive democracy that Korean people have fought for nearly half a century.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3533-3540
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• 2016

Background: Cigarette smoking is one of the leading global causes of premature and preventable death. In Brunei Darussalam, smoking-related diseases have been a primary cause of mortality for the past three decades. Despite the increasing efforts that have been made in recent years to reduce the consumption of tobacco products in Brunei, the prevalence of adolescent smoking cigarette, however has risen alarmingly, from 8.9% in 2013 to 11.4% in 2014, with a higher prevalence found in males (17.8%) than in females (4.8%). In response to the need for more effective smoking prevention programmes in Brunei, this study sought to explore factors that influence Bruneian male adolescents to start and continue smoking. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study using focus group discussions (FGDs) as the data collection method was conducted from October to November 2015. A total of 43 studentss, comprising 31 smokers and 12 non-smokers, aged 13-17 years, from two government secondary schools in Bandar Seri Begawan, participated in six FGDs. Discussions were recorded and translated. Transcripts were entered into NVivo10, before thematic analysis was conducted. Results: We identified three themes under the core construct of 'factors influencing smoking initiation' ('family as teachers', 'overt pressure from peers' and 'perceived smoking has many advantages') and three themes under the core construct of 'factors influencing smoking continuation' ('craving and addiction', 'smoking as a 'social activity' and 'easy accessibility of cigarettes'). Conclusions: Based on the findings, it is recommended that future prevention activities should be embedded in a comprehensive approach, involving all stakeholders within a community, and should be focused towards bringing a change in smoking and parenting behavior of parents, social norms within the culture towards all population levels, and at strengthening the existing non-smoking policies in schools and other public places where young people congregate.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.347-354
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• 2010

Rapidly increasing aged population provides an ample market opportunity for the Korean travel industry, and from national policy perspective, it poses an fortified demands for welfare tourism. In the fierce competition, this emerging market can serve as a lucrative target market for tourism & travel industry in Korea. In addition, using tourism for the aged as a social welfare policy can be a potentially viable means to mitigate the increase social pressure due to rapid population aging. This rationale is based on the assumption that tourism contributes to higher level of perceived life satisfaction compared to other leisure activities among the aged. In this study, using empirical data collected from 185 respondents aged 55 and above in Cheong Ju area, the effect of demographic factors and trip-related behaviors on life satisfaction was tested. The results indicate that economic and health conditions affect life satisfaction positively, while trip-related behaviors did not exert any significant effect on life satisfaction. In light of the results, practical implications for marketing and policy-making were presented in detail.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.598-601
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• 2008

The people, who can't deal with urine and feces by themselves because they can't recognize it, deal with urine and feces with help of protector (Or nurse). For the case of urine and feces, disease of ulcerated flesh of hip like unpleasant feeling, pressure sore, humid tetter due to wetness of diaper can be prevented by changing diaper instantly. However, those people can't be possible to express their opinion, so they can't express their opinion on urine and feces or endure sense of shame. So there is a problem which can't check presence of urine and feces instantly. Accordingly, in order to solve this problem, qualitative improvement of nursing service can be generated by developing u-Care product which instantly let know urine and feces to protector (Or nurse) by perceiving automatically, and benefit of welfare on social dependent class like low income old people and solitude old people can be increased by reducing social welfare expense with increment of nursing expense.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.6066-6075
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to analyze the productivity changes in government-funded research institutes for Economics & Humanities and Social Sciences. From Malmquist total factor productivity index analysis, the average productivity decreased 6.5% between 2006 and 2010. Further analysis showed that technical efficiency increased 4.7% annually while the technology change rate decreased 10.8% on average. Under pressure for innovation from the outside, research institutes responded to managerial efficiency improvement, which lead to increases in technical efficiency. On the other hand, for productivity improvement of government funded research institutes, they must pursue technological advances by securing an outstanding research workforce, expanding the R&D budget, and changing the R&D method. Each institute must perceive the cause of an individual institute's productivity change, and establish strategies for increasing productivity.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.365-380
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• 2011

This study was conducted to examine whether hasty behaviors were structurally maintained even after the expansion of age zones and to determine the characteristics of hasty behaviors by gender and age. To this end, an analysis was made of the data of 591 respondents after excluding the insincere respondents from the 602 adults who had replied to the survey on hasty behaviors. Its results showed that a hasty behavior consisted of 5 factors regardless of age. Even when age was expanded, a hasty behavior maintained its structural stability. On the other hand, women were higher than men in the average score of hasty behaviors. Lastly, hasty behaviors decreased with the increase in age. The gender differences in hasty behaviors were analyzed on the basis of those in time pressure perception and task processing method. They were presented to show that the speed reduction by age increase is related to psychological mechanism as well as bodily function.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.153-167
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• 2012

This study was focused on five factors of Hasteful behavior and conducted to examine characteristics of the factors with relationship between Hasteful behavior and type A behavior. 207 adults(18-59 aged) answered the Hasteful Behavior Questionnaire and Type A Behavior Questionnaire. 136 items in established type A behavior or type A personality scale were collected. 136 items were reduced to 6 factors and 29 items. The components of Type A Behavior consists of success striving, impatience, failure anxiety, job immersion, activity, quickness. The factor analysis of Hasteful Behavior resulted in five factors. This was consistent in priority research. Each factors of Hasteful Behavior and type A behavior showed positive correlation. Hasteful behavior under time pressure had positive relations with success striving, failure anxiety, job immersion, activity, and quickness. Hasteful behavior under uncomfortable or isolation had a relation with impatience. Hasteful behavior in bordem had positive relations success striving, activity and quickness. Hasteful behavior in expectation of rewards had positive relations with success striving, impatience, failure anxiety, and quickness.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.53-74
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• 2024

The proliferation of health misinformation gained momentum amidst the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). People stuck in their homes, without work pressure, regardless of health concerns towards personal, family, or peer groups, consistently demanded information. People became engaged with misinformation while attempting to find health information content. This study used the content analysis method and analyzed 1,154 misinformation stories from four prominent signatories of the International Fact-Checking Network during the pandemic. The study finds the five main categories of misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic. These are 1) the severity of the virus, 2) cure, prevention, and treatment, 3) myths and rumors about vaccines, 4) health authorities' guidelines, and 5) personal and social impacts. Various sub-categories supported the content characteristics of these categories. The study also analyzed the emotional valence of health misinformation. It was found that misinformation containing negative sentiments got higher engagement during the pandemic. Positive and neutral sentiment misinformation has less reach. Surprise, fear, and anger/aggressive emotions highly affected people during the pandemic; in general, people and social media users warning people to safeguard themselves from COVID-19 and creating a confusing state were found as the primary motivation behind the propagation of misinformation. The present study offers valuable perspectives on the mechanisms underlying the spread of health-related misinformation amidst the COVID-19 outbreak. It highlights the significance of discerning the accuracy of information and the feelings it conveys in minimizing the adverse effects on the well-being of public health.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.439-446
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• 2020

Objectives: This study analyzed the associations of hypertension (HTN) with symptoms and diagnosis of depression by income level among Korean adults. Methods: This study was based on the 2010-2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data; a total of 29 425 adults (aged 20 years or older) were analyzed. HTN was defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or use of hypertensive medications. Depression symptoms were evaluated based on a questionnaire about depression-related symptoms. A depression diagnosis was defined based on questionnaire responses indicating that a participant had been diagnosed with depression. Household income was divided into higher or lower income ranges based on the median income of the participants. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between HTN and depression symptoms/diagnosis in the higher-income and lower-income groups. Results: In the higher-income group, the odds ratio (OR) for the association between HTN and depression symptoms was 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97 to 1.37), and the OR for the association between HTN and depression diagnosis was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.13 to 1.76). In the lower-income group, the OR for the association between HTN and depression symptoms was 1.18 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.34), whereas the OR for the association between HTN and depression diagnosis was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.70 to 0.97). Conclusions: The associations of HTN with symptoms and diagnosis of depression differed by income level.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2015

City-based Lifeline is expected to cause significant social and economic loss accompanied the secondary damage such as paralysis of urban functions and a large fire as well as the collapse caused by earthquake. Earthquake Disaster Response System of Korea is being operated with preparation, calculates the probability of failure of the facility through Seismic Fragility Model and evaluates the degree of earthquake disaster. In this paper, the time history analysis of buried gas pipeline in city-based lifeline was performed with consideration for ground characteristics and also seismic fragility model was developed by maximum likelihood estimation method. Analysis model was selected as the high-pressure pipe and the normal-pressure pipe buried in the city of Seoul, Korea's representative, modeling of soil was used for Winkler foundation model. Also, method to apply developed fragility model at GIS is presented.