• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2016

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to identify team commitment affecting employees' innovative activities and factors affecting team commitment including empowerment by leaders and job enrichment factors. In other words, so as to explain outcome variables of innovative activities, this study aims to emphasize employees' attachment roles towards their groups within nomological network, and identify the motives encouraging employees' innovative activities. The research purpose is significant due to the realistic situation of hotel industry. The reason why innovative activities are important can be found in recent changes of business environment. Also, unlike other various studies on precedence factors encouraging employees' innovative activities, this study classified those precedence factors into job and leader characteristics, and it emphasized the importance of team commitment as the process that job and leader characteristics are connected to innovative activities. Research design, data and methodology - The survey for this study was conducted during October 6^th ~ November 10^th in 2014 to the employees who are working in 5-star hotels in Korea. As for the selection of hotels and sampling method, convenience sampling method was used to the employees in 5-star hotels. Self-report method was used in the survey, judging that the employees' characteristics would be relatively homogeneous. 311 questionnaires were distributed in total, and 275 reponses were collected. After excluding the missing and unreliable responses, 245 questionnaires were used in the research. SPSS and AMOS programs were used for the analysis. Results - First, empowering leadership had positive effects on hotel employees' team commitment. It indicates that hotel employees are more committed to their team when their leaders set examples, provide information, and involve employees in decision-making process. Second, as a result of the relationship analysis in task diversity, task significance, task identity and team commitment, task diversity and task significance had significant effect on team commitment, while task identity had no significant effect on team commitment. It indicates that team commitment is enhanced when the employees can conduct diverse types of jobs and get more opportunities to talk with the guests. Also, the repetition for the same jobs in hotel rooms and the space for preparing food and beverage do not lead to team commitment, even though the employees fulfill their duties to the end. Third, hotel employees' team commitment has positive effect on their innovative activities. It indicates that employees voluntarily conduct innovative activities when they are attached to their team and identifies themselves with the team. Conclusions - There are theoretical and practical implications in this study. First, in terms of the theoretical perspective, this study proposes structural framework in team commitment, and it identifies the psychological mechanism in team commitment from the aspect of social exchange, which resulted in identification of precedence factors related to team commitment. In addition, this study presents new possibilities for relevant studies about team commitment by examining the effect on team commitment when the importance of innovative activities is emphasized in recent business environment.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.539-558
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is examining the differences of mobile SNS's service quality, which consists data quality and system quality, among the groups that are classified by commitment and customer loyalty. For the experimental analysis, the frequency analysis was performed for general characteristics of sample. The variables were selected by factor analysis that also prove the validity of variables. The value of Cronbach's alpha was calculated to check the reliability of variables. In addition, the group was determined by the both hierarchical and hierarchical cluster analysis, then ANOVA was performed to test the hypotheses that there are differences of mobile SNS's service quality, among the groups that are classified by commitment and customer loyalty. The results of this study support that there are differences among the groups toward mobile SNS's service quality and also shows the more commitment and loyalty group is the higher recognition of mobile SNS's service quality. Thus, the companies have to realize that mobile SNS is very important key factor to success in rapidly changing business environment. In conclusion, the companies implement different customized strategy for the different group and develop the contents and the applications to maximize the commitment and loyalty of for the mobile SNS users.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.119-140
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• 2007

Recommender systems enable a user to decide which information is interesting and valuable in our world of information overload. As the recent studies of distributed computing environment have been progressing actively, recommender systems, most of which were centralized, have changed toward a peer-to-peer approach. Collaborative Filtering (CF), one of the most successful technologies in recommender systems, presents several limitations, namely sparsity, scalability, cold start, and the shilling problem, in spite of its popularity. The move from centralized systems to distributed approaches can partially improve the issues; distrust of recommendation and abuses of personal information. However, distributed systems can be vulnerable to attackers, who may inject biased profiles to force systems to adapt their objectives. In this paper, we consider both effective CF in P2P environment in order to improve overall performance of system and efficient solution of the problems related to abuses of personal data and attacks of malicious users. To deal with these issues, we propose a multi-agent framework for a distributed CF focusing on the trust relationships between individuals, i.e. web of trust. We employ an agent-based approach to improve the efficiency of distributed computing and propagate trust information among users with effect. The experimental evaluation shows that the proposed method brings significant improvement in terms of the distributed computing of similarity model building and the robustness of system against malicious attacks. Finally, we are planning to study trust propagation mechanisms by taking trust decay problem into consideration.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.48-57
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• 2013

Smartphones provide users with environment for communication and sharing information and at the same time play an important role of mobile technology and mobile art development. Smartphone technology-related researches are being accelerated especially with the advent of mobile Augmented Reality(AR) age, but the studies on user participation that is essential for AR content industry were insufficient. In that regard, the assistance from mobile art area that has already developed these characteristics is essential. Thus, this article is to classify mobile art that has not been studied a lot domestically into feature phone usage and smartphone usage and to analyze each example case with the three most used methods. The usage of feature phones which use the sound and images of mobile devices can be divided into three: installation and performing methods, single channel video art method and five senses communication method. On the other hand, the usage of smartphones that use sensors, cameras, GPS and AR can be divided into location-based AR, marker-based AR and markerless AR. Also, as a result of examining mobile AR content utilization technology by industries, combined methods are utilized; tourism and game-related industries use location-based AR, education and medicine-related industries use marker-based AR, and shopping-related industries use markerless AR. The development of AR content industry is expected to be accelerated with mobile art that makes use of combined technology method and constant communication method through active participation of users. The future development direction of mobile AR industry is predicted to have minimized HMD, integration of hologram technology and artificial intelligence and make the most of big data and social network so that we could overcome the technological limitation of AR.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.239-251
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• 2017

This study attempted to identify the health behaviors and related factors of lifestyle related diseases among some public officials. The study subjects were 729 administrative officers of the general public office of the government in D metropolitan city. The data collection was conducted by self-administered questionnaire from February 1 to March 31, 2016. As a result, the health behavior score for lifestyle related diseases showed a significant positive correlation with vulnerability, the effectiveness of health behavior and information obtained from the media about lifestyle-related diseases, while it showed a significant negative correlation with the barriers to health behaviors concerning lifestyle related diseases. As a result of the covariance structure analysis, vulnerability and seriousness about lifestyle related diseases were the most important factors affecting health behavior for lifestyle related diseases. The next most important factors were a family history of lifestyle related diseases, information obtained from the media, effectiveness of and barriers to health behavior, instrumental support, and emotional support. These results suggest that each factor constituting the Health Belief Model (HBM) (perceived vulnerability and seriousness about lifestyle related diseases, perceived effectiveness and barriers to health behaviors, family history of lifestyle related diseases, information obtained from the mass media about lifestyle related diseases, social support network for lifestyle related diseases) is an important factor to consider in practicing health behaviors for lifestyle related diseases. Therefore, it is important to accurately understand the factors related to the practice of the health behaviors of the subjects and to manage them continuously.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.286-294
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• 2010

This study was performed to identify the cerebral network associated with sensation through the tickling stimulation, which is distinctive from the rest of other networks processing normal stimulation and to investigate the difference of laughing mechanism which is closely related to tickling using functional MRI(fMRI). A 16 healthy volunteers (mean age: 28.9) on a 3.0T MR scanner during two sensation conditions. Counterbalanced stimulus were presented across the participants, and the stimulation was used block design. Acquired data was analyzed by the statistical parametric mapping (SPM 99). Subject and group analysis was performed. Individual analysis showed the activation of somatic sensation area in both tasks and the tickling sensation test showed more activated area in the Wernicke's area(BA40) compared to the normal sensation. The group analysis result shows that under normal stimulations, both sides of somatosensory cortices(BA 1,2 and 3) were activated and under tickling stimulation, not only the cortices but also those huge activation on thalamus, cingulate gyrus and insular lobe were detected. When the tickling was stopped, significant activations were shown in right cingulate gyrus, left MFG area and left insular lobe. A cerebral area responsible for recognizing tickling sensation was examined and the primitive stimulation such as tickling is much closely related to laugh, which is an important factor for various social activities.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2003

Recently, there has been an increasing need for long-term care and comprehensive health care services in community settings. The Ministry of Health and Welfare introduced the Hospital-Based Home Nursing Care Program in 2000. Before this initiative, there was a Home Nursing Demonstration Center, affiliated with the Seoul Nurse Association, had offered home nursing services with the financial support from the local government. since 1993, the Center's nursing staff has been engaged in a general hospital in an effort to provide home nursing care services within Korea's health care system. The purpose of this study was to analyze and identify characteristics of community-based home nursing care supplied by a community-based home nursing team engaged in a general hospital. Also. visit nursing care services provided by public health centers were evaluated in terms of accessibility and supply versus demand, to enhance the accessibility of low-income patients living in Seoul to home nursing care services. Data were collected from home nursing insurance reimbursement claims submitted by the community-based home nursing care team from March 1 to October 30 in 2001 and a questionnaire survey on home-visit nursing services of 25 public health centers in Seoul. The subjects consisted of 197 patients and 12 public health centers. The result were as follows. First, medical institution's community-based home nursing care program was better in technical quality than health-center-based home-visit nursing care. In addition. the pattern of the subject patients was similar to that of hospital-based home nursing care program. Second, there was a high demand for community-based home nursing care while only a small number of home-visiting nurses served at public health centers in Seoul. As a result, many patients could not receive adequate care. Finally, we suggest that community-based home nursing care program should be introduced in the national health system to meet the at-home care needs of severely ill low-income patients. Furthermore, to better utilize home nursing and visit-nursing care resources and offer continued care for patients in community settings, an efficient referral network should be built among related institutions. This would require improvement of reimbursement system and amendment of the law related to health insurance system and community-based home nursing care services.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.107-118
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• 2016

Purpose - In today's markets, new technologies such as social network systems and user generated contents have provided consumers with access to unlimited amounts of information and an ability to communicate with other consumers in the world. Specially, the massive of the internet and the development of online communities and interactive platforms offer the potential to cocreate with a large number of consumers. Significant changes in marketplace suggest that simply being consumer oriented is not enough, so firms must learn from and collaborate with consumers to create values that meet their individual and dynamic needs. In these sense, emergent perspectives in marketing highlight new opportunities for co-opting consumers as a means to define and cocreate value through their engagement. Although the importance of consumer co-creation with firms, the current literature lacks the respond to two questions: (1) who are the most competent consumers for creating the values with firm? and (2) what are the stimulaters to help the consumers engage for co-creation? To this answer the question, this research investigate how to structure consumer motivations to encourage consumers to be more engaged for co-creation and what drives a consumer to get involved to respond to a call for co-creation. Research design, data, and methodology - To empirically test the hypotheses, a survey was conducted among consumers who had experienced the co-creation including upstream, downstream, autonomous, and sponsored co-creation with the firms. We collected a total of 343 responses. After we excluded 37 questionnaire because of incomplete responses, a total of 306 questionnaire remained. Working with a sample of 306 responses in Seoul and Kwangju, hierarchical moderated regression is employed to test research hypotheses. Results - The results indicated that consumer creativity and emergent nature are positively related to engagement in co-creation including upstream, downstream, autonomous, and sponsored co-creation. Also, the relationships between consumer creativity/emergent nature and engagement in co-creation were moderated by intrinsic motivation in case of upstream and downstream co-creation. Finally, interaction effects between consumer creativity/emergent nature and extrinsic motivation were not significant. Conclusions - These results suggest that marketing managers have to consider the consumer personality such as creativity and emergent nature and stimulate the intrinsic motivation of consumer to achieve the co-creation project successfully.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.525-535
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• 2009

In this paper a heuristic method for identifying individual pipes in water pipe networks to determine specific sections of the pipes that need to be replaced due to deterioration. An appropriate minimum pipe length is determined by selecting the pipe length that has the greatest variance of the average cumulative break number slopes among the various pipe lengths used. As a result, the minimum pipe length for the case study water network is determined as 4 m and a total of 39 individual pipe IDs are obtained. The economically optimal replacement times of the individual pipe IDs are estimated by using the threshold break rate of an individual pipe ID and the pipe break trends models for which the General Pipe Break Prediction Model(Park and Loganathan, 2002) that can incorporate the linear, exponential, and in-between of the linear and exponetial failure trends and the ROCOFs based on the modified time scale(Park et al., 2007) are used. The maximum log-likelihoods of the log-linear ROCOF and Weibull ROCOF estimated for the break data of a pipe are compared and the ROCOF that has a greater likelihood is selected for the pipe of interest. The effects of the social costs of a pipe break on the optimal replacement time are also discussed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.123-133
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• 2015

Purpose - The Korean government has devised intermodal transportation policies and granted subsidies to shippers and logistics companies that made a conversion of transportation means through the policies. This provides support by expanding the complex uniform railroad transportation and overhauling the deteriorated railroad facilities. As for 2013, however, the freight transportation percentage of railroad was 4.5% in tons and 8.5% in ton kilometers. Meanwhile, since the 1990s, developed countries such as the U.S. and Europe have been trying to expand intermodal freight transport with a legal and institutional support to build a logistics system corresponding with social and economic environmental changes. In this study, I set out to examine the effects of the intermodal freight transport policies in the EU and the U.S., and to explore the direction of setting up a rail intermodal transport system in South Korea. Research design, data, and methodology - The paper used a qualitative research methodology through the literature review. First, was an overview of Intermodal transportation in the EU, U.S. and UN. Second, it describes the development of transport in Europe and the U.S. with particular emphasis on intermodal freight transport. Third, it explores the direction of setting up a intermodal freight transport in South Korea. The last section contains concluding remarks. Results - As for the EU, it has been promoting integration between transport and intermodal logistics network designs while utilizing ITS or ICT and supports for rail freight intermodal by giving reduction to a facilities fee or subsidizing for rail freight in order to minimize the cost of external due to freight transport. On the other hand, as for the U.S., it has been made up of an industrial-led operating project and has been promoting it to improve accessibility between intermodal hubs and cargo terminals through intermodal corridor program, and an intermodal cargo hub access corridor projects, etc. Moreover, it has tried to construct intermodal transport system using ITS or ICT and to remove Barrier. As a result, in these countries, the proportion of intermodal freight transport is going to be the second significant transport compared with rail and maritime transport. An Effective rail intermodal transport system is needed in South Korea, as seen in the case of these countries. In order to achieve this object, the following points are required to establish radical infrastructure policy; diversify investment financing measures taken under public-private partnerships, legal responsibilities, improvement of utilization of existing facilities to connect the railway terminal and truck terminal, and enhancement service competitiveness through providing cargo tracking and security information that combines the ITS and ICT. Conclusions - This study will be used as a basis for policy and support for intermodal freight transport in South Korea. In the future, it is also necessary to examine from the perspective of the shipper companies using the rail intermodal transport, ie, recognition of shipper, needed institutional supports, and transportation demand forecasting and cost-effective analysis of the railway infrastructure systems improvement.