• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.131-150
• /
• 2007

This study explores the development process of an farmers' group in Asan City that now plays an important role in the development of organic farming of the region. While increase in income in general may be one of main purposes making farmers join or form a group, the farmers group in Asan, instead, has tried to form a cooperative of local organic farmers. In doing so, they experienced a lot of difficulties and leant by trial and error. As a result, the farmers' group has recently developed in terms of business and organisational growth. The growth is not merely due to the growth of organic food markets but also due to the strong internal ties and trust that made possible to expand into food processing as well as to do social and cultural activities fur the rural residents. It implies that trust and cooperative identity between farmers should be the most important thing to be locally embedded farmers groups in a specific region.

• 한국지역지리학회지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2001

본 연구는 우리나라 농업을 둘러싼 최악의 사회경제적 환경 속에서도 생산유통상의 기술혁신으로 나름대로 경쟁력을 강화/유지하고 있는 국지적 영농지역에 주목하여 사례지역의 생산유통체계 특성 및 기술혁신과 그 과정에서 내생적 영농조직의 역할을 분석하였으며, 이를 토대로 앞으로 지식기반사회에 있어서 지역농업정책에 대한 하나의 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 사례지역인 눌미리 복숭아 재배 커뮤니티가 타 지역과의 차별화를 통한 경쟁력을 가질 수 있었던 것은 영농조직을 기반으로 한 생산유통체계상의 기술혁신에서 찾을 수 있다. 생산 그 자체는 철저하게 농가단위로 이루어진다는 점에서 개별 농가는 경쟁관계에 있다고 볼 수 있으나, 생산유통과정에서 농가단위로 채택/체화된 명시적/암묵적 지식이 내생적 영농조직 구성원간의 네트워크를 통한 집단학습의 결과, 커뮤니티 단위의 기술혁신 창출-차별화/경쟁력 확보-개별 농가 소득중대-조합원간의 신뢰 강화에 기초한 영농조직의 활성화라는 순순환 고리가 형성됨으로서 경쟁력은 강화/유지될 수 있었다. 앞으로 지식기반사회에 대응하기 위한 지역농업정책은 과거의 개별 농가나 행정구역을 단위로 한 한시적인 금융이나 하드웨어 중심의 지원에서 과감하게 탈피하여, 이노베이터를 적극적으로 발굴하고 이들을 중심으로 우리나라 농촌사회에 뿌리내려진 내생적 조직을 활성화하여 구성원간 네트워크의 강화로 집단학습과 실행을 통하여 기술혁신을 지속적으로 창출할 수 있는 지역혁신시스템의 사회제도적 기반을 조성/강화하는 방향으로 수립되고 실행되어야 할 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권7호
• /
• pp.1017-1035
• /
• 2018

The European Union (EU) is the world's third largest producer of beef. This contributes to the economy, rural development, social life, culture and gastronomy of Europe. The diversity of breeds, animal types (cows, bulls, steers, heifers) and farming systems (intensive, extensive on permanent or temporary pastures, mixed, breeders, feeders, etc) is a strength, and a weakness as the industry is often fragmented and poorly connected. There are also societal concerns regarding animal welfare and environmental issues, despite some positive environmental impacts of farming systems. The EU is amongst the most efficient for beef production as demonstrated by a relative low production of greenhouse gases. Due to regional differences in terms of climate, pasture availability, livestock practices and farms characteristics, productivity and incomes of beef producers vary widely across regions, being among the lowest of the agricultural systems. The beef industry is facing unprecedented challenges related to animal welfare, environmental impact, origin, authenticity, nutritional benefits and eating quality of beef. These may affect the whole industry, especially its farmers. It is therefore essential to bring the beef industry together to spread best practice and better exploit research to maintain and develop an economically viable and sustainable beef industry. Meeting consumers' expectations may be achieved by a better prediction of beef palatability using a modelling approach, such as in Australia. There is a need for accurate information and dissemination on the benefits and issues of beef for human health and for environmental impact. A better objective description of goods and services derived from livestock farming is also required. Putting into practice "agroecology" and organic farming principles are other potential avenues for the future. Different future scenarios can be written depending on the major driving forces, notably meat consumption, climate change, environmental policies and future organization of the supply chain.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.461-467
• /
• 2009

This paper provides two case studies of environmental impacts with socio-economic values. The first case is on flood protection levees conducted from 2003 to 2004 in Phu Tan district, An Giang province. The impacts were found by comparing full flood protection levees area (FFPL) to non-full flood protection levees area (NFFPL). Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools per each group of rich, middle, and poor people were used to list the impacts. Then, major impacts were selected by ranking and interviewing 60 households per site, and assessed by Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) in rice production from 1996 to 2002 between two areas. The tested research indicated moving system of NFFPL to that of FFPL lost about 11 million VND/ha/year. The second case is on impacts of Penaeid shrimp farming conducted in Duyen Hai District, Tra Vinh Province in 2004-2005. Ninety households and 12 local officials were interviewed. Four PRAs were conducted and 36 water samples were taken inside and outside shrimp pond to measure values of DO, COD, Fe total, TSS, N-$NO_3{^-}$, N-$NH_4{^+}$, P-$PO{_4}^{3-}$, and Chlorophyll-a. Research results showed only 36.7% of the households got profit from shrimp farming. Highest financial efficiency was 0.72 for the semi-intensive system. Tested water indicators showed surface water quality did not match Vietnamese standard for surface water in coastal area (TCVN 5943-1995) and in rain. The water was very muddy and contaminated by organic aluminum. Summarily, the impacts were clarified more obviously via adding socio-economic values to assessment. Importantly, the values were transformed to household's income which is an indicator for policy-makers to consider the impacts obviously. Besides, data of different group of people impacted are cases contributing to consideration of the impacts in an appropriate social level.

• 한국측량학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.351-358
• /
• 2006

농어촌도로는 농어촌지역의 생활환경개선과 주민의 소득증대를 위한 도로의 정비계획은 물론 농수산물의 원활한 유통을 위한 군도이상의 도로와의 연결을 위한 중요한 지역 기반이다. 이에 대한 기본계획은 농어촌 도로를 기간으로 관할구역안의 도로에 대한 장기개발방향의 지침이 된다. 그러나 기존의 농어촌도로 기본계획은 노선이 위치한 지역상황의 다양한 지표에 대한 종합적이며 합리적인 분석과 평가가 되지 못한 상황에서 진행되어졌다. 그래서 이 연구에서는 농어촌도로의 개발 우선순위 결정을 위해 도로의 노선별 자료를 GIS DB로 구축하였으며, 자료의 종합적 평가를 위해 AHP와 통계분석기법을 활용하여 인자의 가중치를 결정하였으며, 이 과정에서 노선의 개발 우선순위 계산식을 도출 및 적용하여 연구지역 내의 개발 우선순위를 선정하여 제시하였다.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2011

The aim of this study was to study the functions and roles of Green Community Rediscovery Center (GCRC) in terms of community integration, to design GCRC with various types of green roofs, and to investigate the possibility of applying a renewable energy system (e.g., PV) to the building greenery systems. The four major functional modules for GCRC were suggested: implementation of ecopark and community gardens with environmental education programs, implementation of green housing model with education programs, Discover Science Center, and implementation of green business model with education programs. Three major functions of the center are also presented in terms of design: 1) functions of community gardens; 2) establishment of a green business model, community composting system and an urban farming system; and 3) roles of community gardens in social interactions within GCRC. GCRC provides residents with the opportunities of community gardens, urban farming based on a successful recycling system, as well as a green business model and environmental education programs near their homes. The air temperature of the green roof (utilizing Sedum sarmentosum as a cover plant) was approximately $3^{\circ}C$ lower than that of the non-green roof, indicating a potential efficiency increase in PV systems for GCRC. It was concluded that the GCRC suggested would enhance the neighborhood satisfaction, improve the quality of life and contribute to social integration and community regeneration.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.33-45
• /
• 2013

This paper proposes strategy development to improve the management of Multicultural Family Support Centers by analyzing four Multicultural Family Support Centers (MFSCs) in Chungcheongnam-do. The research was conducted from September 2012 to January 2013. Future directions for the four MFSCs are established based on a SWOT analysis on both the internal and external environments of the centers. Various strategic directions for the four MFSCs were identified based on these analyses. For center A (urban type, college contract type), the strategic directions included the specialization strategy, systemization strategy, empowerment strategy, standardization strategy, and achievement maximization strategy. The strategic directions for center B (urban-rural combined type, social welfare center contract type) included the improvement of multiculture awareness, specialization strategy, human resource development strategy, and networking strategy. For center C (farming and fishing community type, direct management type by local authority), the strategic directions included the specialization strategy, activation strategy, qualification strategy, and networking strategy. For center D (farming and fishing community type, social welfare center contract type), the strategic directions included the specialization strategy, business standardization strategy, human resource development strategy, and network expansion strategy. The suggested management strategy development for the four MFSCs can provide implications for the management of MFSCs in other areas in Korea.

• 인간식물환경학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2019

This study was designed to examine agro-healing services and programs provided and operated by farms in Korea. The results of the analysis of the agro-healing programs and operation of farms were as follows. The purpose of the operation of farms was to raise productivity by managing farms in a cooperative way through agricultural production, education and healing, and to raise income by processing and selling agricultural products. It was difficult to access farms by public transport and thus visitors had to use their own cars. The size of farms varied. The main resources utilized in the surveyed programs were plants, rural environments and landscapes, and agricultural products. The programs were conducted using resources that were commonly found in rural areas. Facilities on each farm were equipped with facilities (indoor and outdoor learning place, gardens, vegetable gardens, orchards, etc.) and convenience facilities (parking lots, drinking fountains, kiosks, etc.) to support program operation. However, facilities for the handicapped and accommodation facilities were insufficient. The programs operated on each farm utilized agricultural resources, farm produce, and rural resources and were classified into activities such as making, feeling, and growing. The average number of people who operated the family-centered program was 2-3, having qualifications such as welfare horticultural therapists, forest interpreters, experience instructors, and social workers. In addition, they had expertise in medicinal food, dietary life, and social welfare, and they also had essential expertise required to operate programs.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.35-46
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify factors influencing fish production of shallow-sea aquaculture in South Korea. This study employed the two-way fixed effect and random effect models based on the panel models and also the difference between GMM and system GMM models based on the dynamic panel models using the amount of fish farming production, the number of stocked fry, the number of cultured fish, the amount of inputted feed, the farming area, the number of workers, and the sales price data from 2010 to 2017. First, the two-way fixed effect model of the panel models was selected by panel characteristics, time characteristics and Hausman tests and also the model was statistically significant. As a result of the two-way fixed effect model, the number of stocked fry, the amount of inputted feed, and the number of workers were identified as factors that increase the fish production of shallow-sea aquaculture. However, the number of cultured fish and the sales price were analyzed as factors that reduce the fish production of shallow-sea aquaculture. Second, the system GMM model of the dynamic panel models was selected by Hansen test and Arellano-Bond test in order to identify whether or not the over-discrimination condition is appropriate. Based on the system GMM model, the number of stocked fry, the amount of inputted feed, the number of workers in this year and 1 year ago, the number of cultured fish 2 years ago, and the sale price 3 years ago were analyzed as factors that increase the fish production of shallow-sea aquaculture. However, the amount of fish farming production 1, 2, 3 years ago, the farming area in this year, and the number of cultured fish in this year and 1 year ago were identified as factors that reduce the fish production of shallow-sea aquaculture. In conclusion, this study suggests that it is desirable to control the amount of stocked fry rather than to expand the farming area for fish farming in shallow-sea aquaculture, so as to keep the sale price at a certain level by maintaining the appropriate amount of fish production.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2011

As quality of life improves recently, people began to pay more attention to outdoor environment and outdoor activities. In case of the U.S.A., community garden is utilized as space for plant cultivation and horticulture activities and the space is also used for complex activities such as education, play, leisure and rest. At the same time, such diverse activities are linked with creating social and economic wealth, thus creating sustainable values in the community. This study targets to identify the social and economic effects of community garden. For this purpose, the study analyzes the detailed cases of community gardens in the U.S. and analyzed the contents of the study based on the theory of social capital. In case of Korea, community gardens are operated in the form of urbane farming and parks in most cases but it is desirable in terms of contribution to the community and sustainability to manage the community gardens with space characteristics and programs that set up communities by gathering many residents in the community. It is necessary to approach the matter of community garden comprehensively and to set up comprehensive and complex plans to form community gardens. This study is expected to function as an important base for such purpose.