• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.599-606
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• 2015

Damage of landslide due to earthquake covers a considerable part of total damage due to earthquake. Landslide due to earthquake affects direct damage of human lives and structures, and social system can be paralyzed by losing functions of roads, basic industries, and so on. Therefore, systematic and specialized research examining the factors affecting the slope stability by earthquakes should be needed. However, method of evaluation of slope stability problems due to earthquake contains somewhat uncertainty since many soil properties are predicted or assumed. In this study, influences of change of soil properties such as degree of saturation and cohesion value are analyzed in factor of safety and displacement using seismic landslide hazard maps based on GIS. As the degree of saturation increases or cohesion decreases, it is found that seismic landslide hazard area marked with factors of safety or displacements tends to increase. Therefore, to draw more exact landslide hazard map during earthquake, it is necessary to obtain accurate soil property information preferentially from site investigation data in the field.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.44
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• pp.346-374
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between suicidal ideation among Korean adolescents and factors such as family conflict, cohesion, organization of family activities, expressiveness, independence, achievement orientation, depression, stress, and support of friends and teachers, according to the individual student's parental type. The study sample consisted of 1908 high school students in the 11th grade from the city of Inchon. The results showed that in both males and females, suicidal ideation was greater in students from single-parent families than two natural-parent families and greater in step-parent families than in single-parent families. As an exploratory study, the analysis of factors influencing suicidal ideation according to parental type showed that the study model accounted for 33.6% for students from two natural-parent families, 42.8% for students from single-parent families and 84.5% for students from step-parent families, of the variance in suicidal ideation. This indicates that the study model is more appropriate for application to students from single-parent and step-parent families. In addition, the study shows that the factors of influence and the way these factors make an influence tended to differ according to parental type. This indicates that in terms of predicting suicidal ideation, it is more effective to study students according to parental type than as a whole. It also indicates that it is ineffective to take the same approach in dealing with suicidal ideation for students with different parental types.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.47-68
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• 2020

Since the early 2000s, Korea has continued to increase the proportion of the elderly population due to low fertility and increased life expectancy. As a result, Korea has now entered the aging society. Because of this demographic change, proportion of active elderly have increased, and many academics, such as sociology, economics, and psychology, have conducted various studies on the active elderly. This study focused on active elderly based on the activity theory of old age and the positive effect of small community participation activity on the elderly. The purpose of this study is to examine whether active elderly' participation in everyday activities, small community participation of the elderly affect citizen participation actively in society as a citizen, and in the process, mediates the effect of small community cohesion and the moderating effect of small community selfishness. This study performed a stepwise regression analysis and a hierarchical regression analysis of 700 elderly people who are participated actively in various small communities. As a result, the partial mediating effect of small community cohesion was shown in the relationship between participation in everyday activities and citizen participation, and the moderating effect of small community selfishness was also shown. These findings suggest that government and interested parties need to develop and implement policies for the small community participation of elderly citizens in consideration of their small community activities, small community cohesion and small community egoism.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.53-74
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• 2012

A challenge in fostering virtual communities is the continuous supply of knowledge, namely members' willingness to contribute knowledge to their communities. Previous research argues that giving away knowledge eventually causes the possessors of that knowledge to lose their unique value to others, benefiting all except the contributor. Furthermore, communication within virtual communities involves a large number of participants with different social backgrounds and perspectives. The establishment of mutual understanding to comprehend conversations and foster knowledge contribution in virtual communities is inevitably more difficult than face-to-face communication in a small group. In spite of these arguments, evidence suggests that individuals in virtual communities do engage in social behaviors such as knowledge contribution. It is important to understand why individuals provide their valuable knowledge to other community members without a guarantee of returns. In virtual communities, knowledge is inherently rooted in individual members' experiences and expertise. This personal nature of knowledge requires social interactions between virtual community members for knowledge transfer. This study employs the social capital theory in order to account for interpersonal relationship factors and identity theory for individual and group factors that may affect knowledge contribution. First, social capital is the relationship capital which is embedded within the relationships among the participants in a network and available for use when it is needed. Social capital is a productive resource, facilitating individuals' actions for attainment. Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1997) identify three dimensions of social capital and explain theoretically how these dimensions affect the exchange of knowledge. Thus, social capital would be relevant to knowledge contribution in virtual communities. Second, existing research has addressed the importance of identity in facilitating knowledge contribution in a virtual context. Identity in virtual communities has been described as playing a vital role in the establishment of personal reputations and in the recognition of others. For instance, reputation systems that rate participants in terms of the quality of their contributions provide a readily available inventory of experts to knowledge seekers. Despite the growing interest in identities, however, there is little empirical research about how identities in the communities influence knowledge contribution. Therefore, the goal of this study is to better understand knowledge contribution by examining the roles of social capital and identity in virtual communities. Based on a theoretical framework of social capital and identity theory, we develop and test a theoretical model and evaluate our hypotheses. Specifically, we propose three variables such as cohesiveness, reciprocity, and commitment, referring to the social capital theory, as antecedents of knowledge contribution in virtual communities. We further posit that members with a strong identity (self-presentation and group identification) contribute more knowledge to virtual communities. We conducted a field study in order to validate our research model. We collected data from 192 members of virtual communities and used the PLS method to analyse the data. The tests of the measurement model confirm that our data set has appropriate discriminant and convergent validity. The results of testing the structural model show that cohesion, reciprocity, and self-presentation significantly influence knowledge contribution, while commitment and group identification do not significantly influence knowledge contribution. Our findings on cohesion and reciprocity are consistent with the previous literature. Contrary to our expectations, commitment did not significantly affect knowledge contribution in virtual communities. This result may be due to the fact that knowledge contribution was voluntary in the virtual communities in our sample. Another plausible explanation for this result may be the self-selection bias for the survey respondents, who are more likely to contribute their knowledge to virtual communities. The relationship between self-presentation and knowledge contribution was found to be significant in virtual communities, supporting the results of prior literature. Group identification did not significantly affect knowledge contribution in this study, inconsistent with the wealth of research that identifies group identification as an important factor for knowledge sharing. This conflicting result calls for future research that examines the role of group identification in knowledge contribution in virtual communities. This study makes a contribution to theory development in the area of knowledge management in general and virtual communities in particular. For practice, the results of this study identify the circumstances under which individual factors would be effective for motivating knowledge contribution to virtual communities.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.3-16
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• 2020

Most of the Korean apartment complexes are considered as gated communities having characteristics such as self-sufficiency in service provision, self-governance and exclusiveness. Today the exclusionary features of apartment complexes are reinforced by a new practice of erecting gates against pedestrians in addition to the existing walls without considering implication of the practice over neighborhoods. Three groups of residents, those who live in low-rise residential areas without walls, apartment complexes with walls and apartment complexes with walls and gates were surveyed to measure the impact of the new exclusionary practice of gated communities on social sustainability of neighborhoods. Gates turn out to improve social sustainability indicators related to life quality but lower social cohesion of neighborhoods by lowering inclusiveness indicator considerably. The new apartment complexes with increased exclusiveness shake the established order of co-existence between low-rise residential areas and apartment complexes and strengthen spatial and social segregation within neighborhoods.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.71-84
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• 2013

Purpose: The South African government is determined in alleviating poverty while encouraging job creation and protecting the disposable incomes of poor households. This article looks at the challenges that are facing the South African Social Security system and argues that the provision of income security is amongst the most practical expressions of a nation's cohesion and values. Research Design, Data and Methodology: There are seven proposals in the Social Security and Retirement Reform and these proposals are based on the following two principal objectives of the government, that is, to ensure a basic standard of living and to prevent destitution in old age or in circumstances of unemployment or incapacity partly or wholly through redistributive measures, and to encourage savings to provide for the replacement of income on retirement, disablement or death through long-term insurance arrangements. Results: This article evaluates these seven proposals, state old age pension, wage subsidy, mandatory participation in a national social security system for all, mandatory participation in private occupational or individual retirement funds, Voluntary additional contributions to occupational or individual retirement funds, reform of the governance and regulation of the retirement funding industry and reform of the tax system. Conclusion: This article concludes that the population size of South Africa has increased significantly to 51, 8 million in 2011 and therefore the time is right for bold new steps in improving income security of the poor and strengthening the fabric of social solidarity that binds all South Africans together.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.418-428
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• 1999

The main purpose of this study was to identify the effects of group social support and individual social support on the reduction of burden and improvement in family functioning of families with asthmatic children. The design of this study was a randomized pre-posttest quasi-experimental design to compare the two experimental groups. The theoretical framework for this study was derived from the study of burden in family caregivers by Suh and Oh (1993) based on the main effect model of social support theories. The data were collected from February 12, 1998 to May 29, 1998 at the pediatric out patient department of a university hospital located in Suwon city. The sample consisted of 39 family members who were identified as families with asthmatic children, Eighteen subjects were randomly assigned to the group social support group and 21 were assigned to the individual social support group. Group and individual social support members were seen for 60 to 90 minutes, four times over one to three weeks. The instruments used in this study were the Burden Scale developed by Suh & Oh(1993), the Visual Analogue Scale, and the Family Adaptability Cohesion Evaluation Scale(FACES-III) developed by Olson, Portner, and Lavee(1985). The collected data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test, x$^2$-test, Wilcoxon sign rank test, t-test, ANOVA (Scheff), Pearson correlation coefficient. multiple regression, and social support process and content analysis. The results are as follow : 1. There was no significant difference before the experimental treatment among the subjects in the group social support group and individual social support group for general characteristics, burden, or family functioning. 2. Hypothesis 1 : “There will be a greater reduction on the burden score of the group social support group compared to the individual social support group” was not statistically significant(U＝174.5, p＝.683). The burden scores showed a significant decrease after participation in social support as compared to before participation for both groups. However there was a tendency for more reduction in the burden scores for the group social support than for individual social support. 3. Hypothesis 2 : “There will be a greater improvement in the family functioning scores for the group social support group compared to the individual social support group” was not statistically significant(U＝153.0. p＝.309). There was a tendency toward improvement in the family functioning scores of the group social support as compared to that of the individual social support. 4. According to the length of the treatment period, families with asthmatic children displayed affirmative responses, and the families set up a self-help group of mothers with asthmatic children in order to share their experiences, to get information and to solve their problems. In conclusion, it was found that group social support was the more effective nursing intervention for reducing burden and for improving family functioning of families with asthmatic children.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze the usage pattern between each academic database through social network analysis, and to support the academic database for users's needs. For this purpose, we have extracted log data to construct the academic database networks in the proxy server of K university library and have analyzed the usage pattern among each research area and among each social position. Our results indicate that the specialized academic database for the research area has more cohesion than the generalized academic database in the full-time professors' network and the doctoral students' network, and the density, degree centrality and degree centralization of the full-time professors' network and the doctoral students' network are higher than those of the other social position networks.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1123-1134
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to decide the optimal location site of the agricultural wholesale market in Gyeonggi-do. In this paper, methods of social network analysis are adopted to calculate the betweenness centrality, degree centrality, prestige centrality. Methods of social network analysis can be a good alternative to discover characteristics of a complicated method by visualizing relationships among nodes(cities). The results of this study are as below : First, the result of social network and present locations are not so different. Second, optimal locations of the agricultural wholesale market in Gyeonggi-do are Pyeongtaek-si, Suwon-si, Ansan-si, Seongnam-si, Hwaseong-si, Yongin-si, Icheon-si, Anyang-si etc.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.667-676
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• 2016

The purpose of study was to determine the differences in organizational culture between social enterprises and commercial enterprises and assess the impact on organizational performance in Korea. Main results are as follows. First, Social enterprises employ a lot of low-imcome women and the elderly worker. Second, rational culture is high in profit businesses, but cultural group is high in social enterprises. In commercial enterprise, productivity and efficiency, planning and goal setting, assessing goals and looking for the evaluation of the performance are important. and in social enterprise, affinity and participation, employees individual development and group morale and cohesion, emphasis on mutual cooperation and trust are important. In addition, both social performance and economic performance, social enterprises are higher than in commercial enterprises. Social enterprises are operating transparently based on workers participation and understanding is expected that economic performance is also highly recognized. Third, social performance is higher development and group culture are higher in commercial enterprises, and development, group and hierarchy culture are higher in social enterprises. Economic performance is higher reasonal culture is lower in commercial enterprises, and group culture is higher in social enterprises. Therefore, the social enterprise workers are recognizing social and economic performance are higher than commercial enterprise workers. In short, social enterprises is making discriminatory organizational culture, and this is contributing to achieving organizational performance.