• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2018

본 연구는 55명의 노인 대상자를 무작위로 급속안구운동(saccadic eye movement, SEM)군과 원활추종눈운동(smooth pursuit eye movement, SPEM) 두 군으로 구분하여 4주 동안 안구운동을 실시한 후 사건관련 전위(event-related potentials)중 P300의 전위값과 잠복기 그리고 MMSE-DS를 사용하여 안구운동이 인지능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 그 결과 SEM과 SPEM 군의 P300 전위값은 유의하게 상승하였으며, P300의 잠복기는 유의하게 짧아졌다. MMSE-DS 결과 두 군 모두 유의한 상승을 나타냈으며, 군간 비교 시 SEM군은 지남력, SPEM군은 주의력에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 SEM과 SPEM은 노인의 인지능력을 향상 및 유지를 시킬 수 있으며 치매예방과 경도 치매에 대한 치료 도구로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.71-83
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• 2017

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 만성 편측무시 환자에게 휴대용 디바이스를 이용한 완곡추적 안구운동을 30분간 적용하였을 때 편측무시에 미치는 효과를 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 : 만성적으로 편측무시를 보이는 한 명의 환자를 대상으로 8.4인치 화면의 휴대용 디바이스를 이용하여 완곡추적 안구운동을 실시하였다. 실험기간은 총 4주로 1주간의 기초선 측정과 2주간의 완곡추적 안구운동 중재, 1주간의 기초선 측정으로 이루어졌으며, 중재는 2주 동안 1일 1회, 주 5회, 회기당 30분씩 적용하였다. 편측무시는 선이분검사와 별지우기검사를 통해 매 회기 측정하였다. 완곡추적 안구운동은 시각적으로 영향을 줄 수 있는 주변의 환경을 줄이고 바른 자세로 앉아 정면에 있는 8.4인치 태블릿pc의 영상을 바라보는 것이다. 영상은 완곡추적 안구운동을 유발하기 위한 영상으로 24개의 노란색 직사각형이 끊임없이 화면 오른쪽에서 왼쪽으로 움직이는 영상이며, 영상을 보는 동안 고개의 움직임 없이 도형을 따라 안구운동을 하도록 하였다. 결과 : 2주 동안의 시운동자극 적용 결과 기초선A와 비교하여 편측무시가 감소되는 경향을 보였지만, 중재기 이후 기초선A'에서 편측무시 양상이 다시 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 휴대용 디바이스를 이용한 30분간의 완곡 추적 안구운동이 만성편측무시를 감소시키는데 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.119-124
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• 1999

This study was done to examine whether cigarette smoking improved smooth pursuit eye movement(SPEM) abnormalities in chronic schizophrenic inpatients. Fifteen schizophrenic and twelve alcoholic subjects abstained from their usual cigarette smoking for a minimum of nine hours and their baseline performances during the constant velocity smooth pursuit tasks were assessed. Then, the subjects smoked as much as they desired in a 10 minutes period and were retested immediately after smoking and 15 minutes after smoking. Electrooculographic recordings during the eye movements were converted and saved as digitized files. Power spectral density curves and natural logarithm value of signal/noise(Ln S/N) ratios were computed from them. In the schizophrenic patients, Ln S/N ratios increased significantly immediately after smoking compared to baseline. But, Ln S/N ratios showed no statistically significant changes after 15 minutes compared to baseline. In alcoholic subjects, Ln S/N ratios showed no statistically significant changes immediately after smoking and after 15 minutes compared to baseline. In conclusion, SPEM was improved in schizophrenic patients immediately after smoking and we hypothesized that nicotinic receptor dysfunction maybe a candidate mechanism for smooth pursuit eye movement abnormalities in schizophrenia.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2018

Objectives According to previous studies, the Chromogranin B (CHGB) gene could be an important candidate gene for schizophrenia which is located on chromosome 20p12.3. Some studies have linked the polymorphism in CHGB gene with the risk of schizophrenia. Meanwhile, smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) abnormality has been regarded as one of the most consistent endophenotype of schizophrenia. In this study, we investigated the association between the polymorphisms in CHGB gene and SPEM abnormality in Korean patients with schizophrenia. Methods We measured SPEM function in 24 Korean patients with schizophrenia (16 male, 8 female) and they were divided according to SPEM function into two groups, good and poor SPEM function groups. We also investigated genotypes of polymorphisms in CHGB gene in each group. A logistic regression analysis was performed to find the association between SPEM abnormality and the number of polymorphism. Results The natural logarithm value of signal/noise ratio (Ln S/N ratio) of good SPEM function group was $4.19{\pm}0.19$ and that of poor SPEM function group was $3.17{\pm}0.65$. In total, 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms of CHGB were identified and the genotypes were divided into C/C, C/R, and R/R. Statistical analysis revealed that two genetic variants (rs16991480, rs76791154) were associated with SPEM abnormality in schizophrenia (p = 0.004). Conclusions Despite the limitations including a small number of samples and lack of functional study, our results suggest that genetic variants of CHGB may be associated with SPEM abnormality and provide useful preliminary information for further study.nwhile, smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) abnormality has been regarded as one of the most consistent endophenotype of schizophrenia. In this study, we investigated the association between the polymorphisms in CHGB gene and SPEM abnormality in Korean patients with schizophrenia. MethodsZZWe measured SPEM function in 24 Korean patients with schizophrenia (16 male, 8 female) and they were divided according to SPEM function into two groups, good and poor SPEM function groups. We also investigated genotypes of polymorphisms in CHGB gene in each group. A logistic regression analysis was performed to find the association between SPEM abnormality and the number of polymorphism. ResultsZZThe natural logarithm value of signal/noise ratio (Ln S/N ratio) of good SPEM function group was $4.19{\pm}0.19$ and that of poor SPEM function group was $3.17{\pm}0.65$. In total, 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms of CHGB were identified and the genotypes were divided into C/C, C/R, and R/R. Statistical analysis revealed that two genetic variants (rs16991480, rs76791154) were associated with SPEM abnormality in schizophrenia (p = 0.004). ConclusionsZZDespite the limitations including a small number of samples and lack of functional study, our results suggest that genetic variants of CHGB may be associated with SPEM abnormality and provide useful preliminary information for further study.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.288-296
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• 2008

Objectives : We investigated the association of Val108/158Met polymorphism on catechol-O-methyl transferase(COMT) gene with smooth pursuit eye movement(SPEM) abnormality in Korean schizophrenia patients. Methods : We measured SPEM in 217 Korean schizophrenia patients(male 116, female 101) and divided them into two groups, one was a good SPEM function group and the other was a poor SPEM function group. Then we analyzed Val108/158Met polymorphism on COMT gene. We compared the differences of genotype and allele distributions of the polymorphism on COMT gene between the two groups. Results : The natural logarithm value of signal/noise ratio(Ln S/N ratio) of the good SPEM function group was $4.39{\pm}0.33$(mean${\pm}$s.d.) and that of poor SPEM function group was $3.17{\pm}0.71$. There were no statistically significant differences of age and male/female ratio between the two groups. There were no significant differences of genotype or allele distributions of the Val108/158Met polymorphism on COMT gene between the two schizophrenic groups. Conclusions : The results suggest that Val108/158Met polymorphism on COMT gene is not related to SPEM function abnormality in schizophrenia.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.148-156
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• 2016

Objectives According to previous studies, the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene could be an important candidate gene for schizophrenia. Some studies have linked the (AAT)n trinucleotide repeat polymorphism in CNR1 gene with the risk of schizophrenia. Meanwhile, smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) has been regarded as one of the most consistent endophenotypes of schizophrenia. In this study, we investigated the association between the (AAT)n trinucleotide repeats in CNR1 gene and SPEM abnormality in Korean patients with schizophrenia. Methods We measured SPEM function in 167 Korean patients with schizophrenia (84 male, 83 female) and they were divided according to SPEM function into two groups, good and poor SPEM function groups. We also investigated allele frequencies of (AAT)n repeat polymorphisms on CNR1 gene in each group. A logistic regression analysis was performed to find the association between SPEM abnormality and the number of (AAT)n trinucleotide repeats. Results The natural logarithm value of signal/noise ratio (Ln S/N ratio) of the good SPEM function group was $4.34{\pm}0.29$ and that of the poor SPEM function group was $3.21{\pm}0.70$. In total, 7 types of trinucleotide repeats were identified, each containing 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 repeats, respectively. In the patients with $(AAT)7$ allele, the distributions of the good and poor SPEM function groups were 18 (11.1%) and 19 (11.0%) respectively. In the patients with $(AAT)_{10}$ allele, $(AAT)_{11}$ allele, $(AAT)_{12}$ allele, $(AAT)_{13}$ allele, $(AAT)_{14}$ allele and $(AAT)_{15}$ allele, the distributions of good and poor SPEM function groups were 13 (8.0%) and 12 (7.0%), 4 (2.5%) and 6 (3.5%), 31 (19.8%) and 35 (20.3%), 51 (31.5%) and 51 (29.7%), 36 (22.2%) and 45 (26.2%), 9 (5.6%) and 4 (2.3%) respectively. As the number of (AAT) n repeat increased, there was no aggravation of abnormality of SPEM function. Conclusions There was no significant aggravation of SPEM abnormality along with the increase of number of (AAT)n trinucleotide repeats in the CNR1 gene in Korean patients with schizophrenia.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.279-288
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• 2006

목 적: 정신분열병 환자의 안구추적운동 이상은 유력한 생물학적인 지표이나 유전자적인 원인에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되지 못하였다. 최근 여러 연구들에서 dystrobrevin binding protein 1(DTNBP1, dysbindin)이 정신분열병의 원인 유전자의 후보 유전자로서 시사되었으나 정신분열병 환자의 안구운동 이상의 원인으로 작용할 것인지에 대한 연구는 거의 없었다. 본 연구의 목적은 DTNBP1 유전자상에 존재한 비교적 인접한 두개의 단염기 다형성들인 SNP A와 P1763이 정신분열병 환자의 안구추적운동 이상의 유전자적인 원인으로 작용할 것인지를 알아보고자 시행되었다. 방 법: 대상군은 217명의 입원한 만성 정신분열병 환자들이며 안구운동(SPEM)을 측정하였고, 신호/잡음의 자연대수 값(Ln S/N ratio)을 구하여 안구운동이 우수한 군과 열등한 군으로 구분하였다. 이후 대상군의 혈액에서 추출한 DNA로부터 DTNBP1 유전자상의 단 염기 다형성들인 SNP A와 P1763를 분석하여 유전자형과 대립인자형을 알아낸 후, 안구운동 이상 유무에 따른 두 군사이의 분포의 차이를 조사하였다. 결 과: 정신분열병 환자들 중 안구운동이 우수한 군의 신호/잡음의 자연대수 값(Ln S/N ratio)의 평균과 표준편차는 $4.39{\pm}0.33$이었고, 안구운동이 열등한 군의 신호/잡음의 자연 대수 값(Ln S/N ratio)의 평균과 표준편차는 $3.17{\pm}0.71$이었다. 두 군 사이에 나이나 성별비율의 차이는 통계적으로 의미가 없었다. SNP A와 P1763의 유전자형과 대립인자형의 분포의 차이는 안구운동 이상 유무에 따라 구분한 두군 사이에 나타나지 않았다. 결 론: DTNBP1 유전자상에 존재한 SNP A와 P1763은 정신분열병 환자의 안구추적운동 이상의 유전자적인 원인으로 작용한다는 증거를 얻지 못하였다.