• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 1992

This study has been carried out to investigate the effects of Banhaonpaetang extract and its constituent herbs on the contractile force of Isolated Guinea pig trachea smooth muscle and to elucidate its mechanism. The results were as follows; 1. Banhaonpaetang significanly inhibitd the contractile force of isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle pretreated by histamine. 2. Banhaonpaetang significantly inhibited the contractile force of isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle pretreated by acetylcholine. 3. Radix Asari(細辛), Flos Inulae(旋覆花), Pericarpium Citri Nobilis(陳皮) and Radix Ginseng(人蔘) extract significantly inhibited the contractile force of isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle pretreated by histamine. 4. Radix Asari(細辛), Cortex Cinnamomi(桂心), Flos Inulae(旋覆花), Pericarpium Citri Nobilis(陳皮) and Radix Ginseng(人蔘) extract significantly inhibited the contractile force of isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle pretreated by acetylcholine. 5. The effects of Banhaonpaetang extract on the changes of plasma ACTH in rats were shown to be insignificant. 6. The effects of Banhaonpaetang extract on the changes of serum electrolytes were shown to be significant in $K^+$ and $Ca^{2+}$.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 1995

The extract of Ginkgo bibloba (EGb) is a complex mixture of natural products from the Ginkgo leaves and clinically used for the treatment of cerebral and peripheral circulatory disturbances due to its combined activity of several vasoactive principles. In this study we investigated the action of EGb and its mechanism in isolated rabbit corporal smooth muscle to evaluate the possibility of using this material as a pharmacoerecting agent. Strips of rabbit corpus cavernosum were mounted in organ chambers to measure isometric tension. EGb began to exert an relaxing effect at 1 mg/ml in the submaximally precontracted muscle strips with phenylephrine $(PHE,\;5{\times}10^{-6}\;M)$; causing concentration-dependent relaxation with maximal effect at $3{\sim}5\;mg/ml$. That relaxation was partially inhibited by removal of the smooth muscle endothelium or by pretreatment with a NO scavenger, pyrogallol $(10^{-4}\;M)$ or the guanylate cyclase inhibitor, methylene blue $(10^{-4}\;M)$. Pretreatment with EGb (3 mg/ml) inhibited PHE- $(5{\times}10^{-6}\;M)$ or KCI- (20 and 40 mM) induced contraction of muscle strip. In calcium-free high potassium solution EGb depressed the basal tone of the depolarized muscle strip and inhibited calcium-induced contraction when $CaCl_2$ $(10^{-4}\;M)$ was added. These results suggest that EGb relaxes rabbit corpus cavernosal smooth muscle through multiple action mechanisms that include increasing the release of nitric oxide from the corporal sinusoidal endothelium, sequestration of intracytosolic calcium, and maybe a hyperpolarizing action.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.80-87
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• 1987

To get a better insight into the exxistence and the role of a Na-Ca exchange mechanism in smooth muscle, the effect of Na substitution with sucrose on tension development, cellular Ca uptake and $^{45}Ca$ efflux was investigated using isolated cat ileal longitudinal muscle strips. Experimental results were summarized as follows;1) Exposure of the cat ileal longitudinal muscle to Na-free solution induced a contraction, and the magnitude of the contraction increased after incubation of the muscle strips with ouabain ($2{\times10^{-}5}$M) for 1hr. 2) Cellular Ca uptake in Na-free solution increased with an increase in Na content of the Na-loading media, and a linear relationship existed between tissue Na content and cellular Ca uptake for 10 min 3) After tissues were equilibrated in PSS containing $^{45}Ca$ for 2hr, cellular Ca uptake decreased with rising the external Na concentration. 4)Removal of medium Na or inhibition of the Na-K pump decreased the rate of $^{45}Ca$ efflux. These results strongly suggested that Na substitution increases cellular Ca uptake and decreases the rate of $^{45}Ca$ efflux via a Na-Ca exchange mechanism.

• 대한약리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.57-57
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• 2006

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.57-63
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• 2023

This study aims to elucidate the effect of glycyrrhizic acid on smooth muscle contraction and to determine the detailed mechanism incorporated. We hypothesized that glycyrrhizic acid played a role in the agonist-sensitive management of smooth muscle contraction. Stripped smooth muscles of Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared in organ baths and isometric tensions were converted, stored and analyzed by using isometric transducers, a physiograph and one way ANOVA. Interestingly, glycyrrhizic acid attenuated the thick filament regulating agonist (fluoride or thromboxane mimetic)-sensitive contraction (p=0.113, 0.008, 0.004 (Student's t-test), p=0.113, 0.008, 0.004 (One way ANOVA) at 0.01, 0.03, 0.1 mM fluoride, and p=0.156, 0.004, 0.003 (Student's t-test), p=0.156, 0.004, 0.003 (One way ANOVA) at 0.01, 0.03, 0.1 mM thromboxane mimetic) and did not attenuate the thin filament regulating agonist (phorbol ester)-induced contraction (p=0.392, 0.086, 0.065 (Student's t-test), p=0.392, 0.086, 0.065 (One way ANOVA) at 0.01, 0.03, 0.1 mM phorbol ester). It is suggesting that endothelial EDRF (NO) synthesis and accessory pathways besides endothelial EDRF (NO) synthesis such as ROCK restriction might be incorporated in the glycyrrhizic acid-induced modulation of smooth muscle contraction inhibiting acto-myosin interaction.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Oyootang and Shinchulsan extract on the contractile force of the isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle and elucidate its mechanism The result were obtained as follow: 1. The isolated trachea smooth muscle was suspended in the organ bath with oxygenated kerb's Henseleit bicarbonate buffer solution at $37^{\circ}C$, and the developed tension by the drug was recorded with isometric tranducer(Nacro F-60). The resting tension was approximately 0.5g 2. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig by histamine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by Oyootang and Shinchulsan extract. 3. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig by acetylcholine $10^{-4}M$ was considerably inhibited by Oyootang and Shinchulsan extract. 4. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig by histamine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by Oyootanghabshinchulsan extract. 5. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig by acetylcholine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by Oyootanghabshinchulsan extract. 6. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the iso-lated guinea pig by histamine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by Oyootang, Shinchulsan and its constituent herbs extract. 7. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the iso-lated guinea pig by acetylcholine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by Oyootang, Shinchulsan and its constituent herbs extract.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 1992

The present study was aimed at elucidating the mode of inhibitory action of tricyclic antidepressants on the smooth muscle. Effects of amitriptyline on the isolated detrusor muscle strips of the urinary bladder of the rabbit were examined. The spontaneous rhythmic movement of the muscle preparation was frequently observed, which was decreased or abolished by addition of amitriptyline $(10^{-5}{\sim}10^{-3}\;M)$. The muscle preparation responded with contraction dose dependently to carbachol, of which dose response curve shifted to the right in the presence of either amitriptyline or atropine. However, amitriptyline produced a nonparallel shift, whereas atropine caused a parallel one. In calcium free medium, the contraction response to carbachol was markedly decreased, which was resumed by the addition of $CaCl_2$ (2.5mM), but not in the presence of either amitriptyline or nifedipine. KCI (60 mM) produced a potent contraction, which was abolished in the presence of amitriptyline or nifedipine. These results suggest that amitriptyline, unlike atropine, not only acts as a noncompetitive antagonist at cholinergic muscarine receptors but also inhibits Ca-influx through the muscle cell membrane.

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.24-24
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• 2001

The present study was undertaken to determine whether p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase participates in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction by endothelin-I (ET-1) in rat thoracic aorta. ET-1 induced a sustained contraction. In contrast, both the intracellular Ca$\^$2＋/ and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylations were not sustained.(omitted)

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.442-447
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• 2010

This study was conducted to determine whether treatment with the anti-inflammatory eupatilin influences intestinal smooth muscle contraction stimulated by carbachol and, if so, to investigate the related mechanism. Denuded ileal or colonic muscles from Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study and measurements of isometric contractions were obtained using a computerized data acquisition system; this data was also combined with results from molecular experiments. Eupatilin from Artemisia asiatica Nakai significantly decreased carbachol-induced contractions in both ileal and colonic muscles. Interestingly, eupatilin decreased carbachol-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 more significantly than that of MYPT1 at Thr855 in ileal and colonic muscles. However, eupatilin significantly decreased phosphorylation of MYPT1 at Thr855, but only in ileal muscle. Therefore, thin filament regulation, including MEK inactivation and related phospho-ERK1/2 decrease, is mainly involved in the eupatilin-induced decrease of intestinal contraction induced by carbachol. In conclusion, this study provides the evidence and a possible related mechanism concerning the inhibitory effect of the flavonoid as an antispasmodic on the agonist-induced contractions in rat ileum and colonic muscles.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 1997

The relaxation of gastric fundus smooth muscles is the primary physiological event which induces the receptive relaxation of monogastric animals. L-arginine/Nitric oxide(L-arg/NO) system is known to mediate the inhibitory non-adrenergic non-cholinergic(NANC) neurotransmission in various tissues including gastrointestinal smooth muscles. The longitudinal smooth muscles of porcine gastric fundus showed fast relaxation during electrical field stimulation(EFS) and rebound contraction after EFS in NANC condition. So, the purpose of present study was elucidation of the neurotrasmitters related to the NANC relaxation and explanation of the relation between NANC relaxation and L-arg/NO system. The longitdinal smooth muscles of porcine gastric fundus were hung in the organ bath and under the presence of guanethidine($5{\times}10^{-5}M$), precontraction was induced by carbachol($1{\times}10^{-6}M$). The muscle responses to EFS and drugs were isomerically recorded. The rusults were summarized as follows. 1. The longtudinal muscles of porcine gastric fundus showed frequency-dependent relaxation and rebound contraction to electrical field stimulaton(1ms, 8V, 1~16Hz, 20sec, EFS). These responses were blocked by tetrodotoxin($1{\times}10^{-6}M$). 2. The relaxation and rebound contraction of the longitudinal muscles of porcine gastric fundus to EFS were inhibited by L-NAME($2{\times}10^{-5}M$). The inhibitory effect of L-NAME was antagonized by L-arginine($1{\times}10^{-3}M$), but not by D-arginine($1{\times}10^{-3}M$). 3. Exogenous NO($NaNO_2$, $1{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}1{\times}10^{-4}M$, pH=2.0) caused concentration-dependent relaxation as EFS did. 4. Methylene Blue($2{\times}10^{-5}M$), a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, inhibited the relaxation and rebound contraction of the longitudinal muscles of porcine gastric fundus induced by EFS, but N-ethlmaleimide, a adenylate cyclase inhibitor, did not. 5. 8-Br-cGMP($1{\times}10^{-6}{\sim}3{\times}10^{-6}M$), permeable cGMP analogue, induced dose-dependent relaxation. but 8-Br-cAMP($1{\times}10^{-6}{\sim}3{\times}10^{-6}M$), permeable cAMP analogue, did not. Both did not evoked rebound contraction. 6. ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin did not affect the relaxation of the longitudinal muscles of porcine gastric fundus. 7. Reactive blue 2($1{\times}10^{-4}M$, 40min) siginificantly inhibited the rebound contraction induced by EFS and inhibited contraction caused by exogenous ATP($1{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}1{\times}10^{-3}M$). These results suggests that NANC relaxation of the longitudinal muscles of porcine gastric fundus mainly mediated by NO and the rebound contraction is related to NO and other neurotransmitters.