• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.106-113
• /
• 2000

Effects of surface roughness on bearing performances are investigated numerically in this study, especially for the parallel thrust bearing. Although mating surfaces are parallel and separated by thin fluid film, the pressure distribution is formed due to asperities. Model surface is generated numerically with given autocorrelation function and some surface profile parameters. Then the average Reynolds equation is applied to predict the effects of surface roughness between hydrodynamic and mixed lubrication regimes. In this equation, flow factors are defined as correction terms to smooth out high frequency surface roughness. The correlation length is proposed to get the minimum load for the parallel thrust bearing for various sliding conditions.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.89-98
• /
• 2002

In this study general pharmacological profiles of KI-60606 on the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system and the other organs were investigated. The dosages given were 0,5, 10 and 25 mg/kg and drugs were administered intravenously. The animals used for this study were mice, rats, cats and guinea pigs. KI-60606 showed no effects on general behavior, motor coordination, spontaneous locomotor activity, hexobarbital-induced hypnosis time, body temperature, analgesic activity, anticonvulsant activity and contraction of nictitating membrane in cats. Furthermore KI-60606 showed no effects on blood pressure, heart rate, LVP (left ventricular peak systolic pressure), LVEDP (left ventricular end diastolic pressure), LVDP (left ventricular developing pressure), DP(double product), CFR(coronary flow rate), smooth muscle contraction using guinea pig ileum and gastric secretion at all dosage tested except the increase of gastrointestinal transport and urinary $K^+$ excretion.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.349-356
• /
• 2003

A damper floating ring seal with round hole pattern surfaces is suggested for better leakage control. The flat plate test of the round hole pattern surfaces has been performed to yield an empirical friction factor model. The exact predictions of the lock­up position of the damper floating ring, the leakage performance, and the rotordynamic coefficients of the seal are necessary to evaluate the rotordynamic performance of the turbo pump unit. The governing equations including the empirical friction factor model for round hole pattern surfaces are solved by the Fast Fourier Transform method. The lock­up position, leakage flow rate, and rotordynamic coefficients are evaluated according to the geometric parameters of the damper floating ring seal. Theoretical results show that the damper floating ring seals yield less leakage and better rotordynamic stability than the floating ring seal with a smooth surface.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.292-297
• /
• 2003

The fundamental fluid mechanics associated with the rotation of a smooth plane disk enclosed within a cylindrical chamber have been studied experimentally. In order to acquire systematic information pertinent to this problem torque and friction loss data were obtained over a wide range of disk Reynolds numbers for axial clearance-disk radius ratio H/R from 0.025 to 0.2 and radial tip gap-disk radius ratio s/R from 0.021 to 0.105. Loss analysis of hard disk drive (HDD) is presented to describe the contribution of windage loss of a rotating disk. The minimum loss form factor of HDD can be obtained from this analysis at each operation conditions.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제52권3호
• /
• pp.530-537
• /
• 2020

This study investigates the effect of an included angle and heat flux on heat transfer of V-shape tube array having a horizontal upper tube. The test uses two stainless steel tubes with a smooth surface submerged under the water at atmospheric pressure. The angle varies from 2° to 24°. The heat transfer coefficient gets decreasing in consequence as the angle increases. The enhancement due to the lower tube is distinct as the heat flux is lower than 60 kW/㎡, where the effect of the convective flow is dominant. The present study and the published results show a similar tendency. Although the heat transfer coefficient for the present study is smaller than the symmetry case, enhanced heat transfer is observed compared to the tube array having a lower horizontal tube as the included angle is less than 10°.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2003

For measuring friction factor of artificially-roughened surfaces which are usually applied to damper seals, flat plate test apparatus is designed and fabricated. The measurements of leakage flow and pressure distribution through round-hole patterned specimen with different hole areas are described, and a method is discussed for determining the friction factor experimentally. Results show that the friction factor of the round-hole patterned surface is bigger than that of smooth surface, and increases as increasing the hole area. A empirical friction factor model for the round-hole patterned surface can be descrived by the Moody's friction factor formula.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.35-41
• /
• 2004

유체 시뮬레이션은 Navier-Stoke 방정식의 해를 구하는 과정으로 볼 수 있는데, 이 방정식은 초기 조건 및 주변 환경에 따라 매우 민감하게 반응하기 때문에 사용자가 원하는 형태로 제어하는 것이 매우 어려운 일이다. 본 논문에서는 유체의 움직임을 실제 공간에 임베드된 smooth manifold 위로 제한하고, 유체의 움직임을 manifold의 모양에 의해 직관적으로 제어하는 방법을 제안한다. 제어 manifold 안의 유체의 흐름을 자연스럽게 유지하기 위하여 경계에 가상의 중력장을 설정하여 유체가 경계면에서 자연스럽게 내부로 유도되도록 하였다. 본 논문의 유체 제어 방법은 제어 manifold의 모양을 키프레임 보간함으로써 간접적으로 유체 애니메이션의 키프레임 애니메이션으로 만드는 것도 가능하다. 이 과정에서 제어 manifold의 변형에 의한 유체정보를 재구성이 필요한데, 본 연구에서는 그리드의 재샘플링을 통해 해결하는 방법을 제시하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
• /
• pp.439-442
• /
• 2002

In this study, a turbulence simulation is carried out in a suction type wind tunnel using grids, where turbulent flows with various turbulence intensity are successfully produced by the change of grid size, arrangement of grids and settling position, respectively. Response tests of rectangular cylinder models with aspect ratio of 2 and 4 are carried out in smooth flow and generated turbulent flows. Additionally, two types of fairing are considered such as right triangle and regular triangle. The effects of wind velocity fluctuations and fairing are discussed on vortex-induced oscillation.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.30-35
• /
• 2001

A comparison of fully developed heat transfer and friction factor characteristics has been made in rectangular ducts with one wall roughened by five different shapes. The effects of rib shape geometries and Reynolds number are examined. The rib height-to-duct hydraulic diameter, pitch-to-height ratio, and aspect ratio of channel width to height are fixed at $e/D_e=0.0476$, P/e=8, and W/H=2.33, respectively. To understand the mechanisms of the heat transfer enhancements, the measurements of the friction factors are also conducted in the smooth and rough channels. The data indicate that the triangular type rib has a substantially higher efficiency index than any other ones in the range we studied.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회논문초록집
• /
• pp.379.1-379
• /
• 2002

In this paper the leakage prediction and rotordynamic analysis of an annular seal with a smooth rotor and spiral-grooved stator are performed. For developing a theoretical model, the three-control-volume analysis of the circumferentially-grooved seal is expanded by considering pressure reduction due to the pumping effect of spiral groove and pressure flow through the spiral groove. Validation to the present analysis is achieved by comparisons with available experimental data. (omitted)