• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.428-434
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• 2001

This study surveys the fiber behavior in yam formation and the Physical properties of Solo-spun yarn. The specimens were made by six types of Solo-spun rollers with fixed twist multiplier In the previous part, the physical properties such as yarn count, evenness, strength, and breaking elongation of these yams were compared with the properties of ring shun yarns and analysed with the mechanism of Solo-spun yarn formation. In the second part of this report, the abrasion resistance and hairiness were discussed wish respect to the micro yarn structures. The narrower the groove width of Solo-spun roller is, the more active the bulk fibers migration is. The Solo-spun film structure has two groups. One is shorter than the others one in longitudinal direction of yarn and has the same structure as ring-spun yarn, which is derided from the smooth zone on the surface of Solo-spun roller. The other one is longer than the former and there are the wrapping fibers. This part is derived from the conflicted grooves on the surface of Solo-spun troller.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.70-70
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• 2001

This study surveys the fiber behavior in yarn formation and the Physical properties of Solo-spun yarn. The specimens were made by six types of Solo-spun rollers with fixed twist multiplier In the previous part, the physical properties such as yarn count, evenness, strength, and breaking elongation of these yarns were compared with the properties of ring spun yarns and analysed with the mechanism of Solo-spun yarn formation. In the second part of this report, the abrasion resistance and hairiness were discussed with respect to the micro yarn structures. The narrower the groove width of Solo-spun roller is, the more active the bulk fiber migration is. The Solo-spun yarn structure has two groups. One is shorter than the other one in longitudinal direction of yarn and has the same structure as ring-spun yarn, which is derived from the smooth zone on the surface of Solo-spun roller. The other one is longer than the former and there are the wrapping fibers. This part is derived from the conflicted grooves on the surface of Solo-spun roller.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.60-62
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• 2016

A colonial ascidian, Synoicum clavatum has previously been reported from Japan. Here, we provide detailed descriptions and illustrations of S. clavatum as the first record in Korea. Synoicum clavatum is characterized by club-shaped colonies with oval head and elongate stalk, circular cloacal systems, a branchial sac with 14-16 stigmata rows of 10-17 stigmata per row and a stomach with smooth surface. The specimens of S. clavatum were collected in the subtidal zone (15-25 m depth) at Beomseom and Mumseom in Jeju-do while SCUBA diving from 2000 to 2014.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2008

Laser micromachining is a promising technique to fabricate the micro-scale devices. However, there remains important challenges to reducethe redeposition of ablated materials around the laser irradiated zone and to get a smooth surface, especially for metal and semiconductor materials. To achieve the high-quality micromachined devices, various methods have been developed. Liquid-assisted micromachining can be a good solution to overcome the previously mentioned problems. During the laser ablation process, the liquid around the solid sample dramatically changes the ablation characteristics, such as ablation rate, surface profile, formation of debris, and so on. In this investigation, we conducted the laser micromachining of Si in various liquid environmental conditions, such as liquid types, liquid thickness. In addition, using nanoscale time-resolved shadowgraphy technique, we observed the ablation process in liquid environments to understand the mechanism of liquid-assisted laser micromachining.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.151-161
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• 1994

FCAW has wide application in ship fabrication, maintenance and field erection. It has many advantages over SMAW.SAW and GMAW process. In many applications, the FCAW provides highquality weld metal. This method can reduce weld defects especially porosity and spatter. But the fatigue characteristics of those deposited metal have been rarely investigated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cyclic stress-strain behavior and fatigue tests by the constant strain control were carried out on the rounded smooth specimen with deposited metal using the metal type flux cored wire. As the results of this study for the deposited metal welded by the metal type flux cored wire, the hardening or softening characteristics under cyclic load were investigated and cyclic stress-strain curve, strain-fatigue life curve, stress-strain function and fatigue life relation which are useful to estimate the fatigue life under the stress concentration condition were obtained.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.106-116
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• 1997

In this paper, using MATLAB SIMULINK, a generalized design methodology was suggested for multi pass transmission(MPT) by classifying the vehicle power train as prime mover, MPT and vehicle dynamics. This approach enables a designer to investigate the influence of each transmission component by simple combination of system components without changes of overall program. Using the design methodology, a MPT consisting of CVT, 2, clutches and reduction gears was designed for a braking energy regenerative flywheel hybrid vehicle. The CVT is essential in order to connect the engine and flywheel speed with the vehicle speed. For the purpose of smooth clutch operation, control algorithm was suggested by introducing dead zone for the clutch engagement. Using the SIMULINK model, performance of the flywheel hybrid vehicle with MPT was investigated. It was observed from the simulation results that the MPT vehicle showed better fuel economy, 47% than that of AT vehicle, 27% than that of CVT vehicle for ECE-15 driving cycle. Especially destinct fuel efficiency improvement was obtained for city driving cycle requiring more frequent stop and start.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.159-162
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• 2002

We tried to obtain an initial velocity model for prestack depth migration via waveform inversion. For application of any field data we chose a smooth background layered velocity model (v=v0 + k x z) as an initial velocity model. Newton type waveform inversion needs to invert huge Hessian matrix. In order to compute full Hessian matrix arising from full aperture data and full illumination zone, we meet insurmountable difficulties of paying astronomical computing cost. For the layered media, approximate Hessian emerging from single shot aperture data can be used repeatedly for split spread source configuration. In our work of using this Hessian characteristic of layered media we attempted to obtain the approximate velocity model as close as possible to the true velocity model in first iteration.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 1993

A numerical investigation has been carried out for the two-dimensional flow and pressure characteristics in a clean room equipped with two kinds of filters and four access panels. The distributed pressure resistance concept was applied to describe the momentum loss in filters and access panels. As a result, the velocity profile in the clean room became rather smooth by the presence of access panels. Furthermore, the average pressure drop of each access panel reached the same value so that the ratio of the flow rate should be the same at any zone. The closing of an access panel with maintaining the other access panels being opened had influenced on the velocity distribution in lower two thirds of left half space of the clean room.

• IE interfaces
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.359-367
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• 2009

The vehicle travel time between the demand points in downtown area is greatly influenced by complex road condition and traffic situation that change real time to various external environments. Most of research in the vehicle routing problems compose vehicle routes only considering travel distance and average vehicle speed between the demand points, however did not consider dynamic external environments such as traffic situation by service time zones. A realistic vehicle routing problem which considers traffic situation of smooth, delaying, and stagnating by three service time zones such as going to work, afternoon, and going home was suggested in this study. A mathematical programming model was suggested and it gives an optimal solution when using ILOG CPLEX. A hybrid genetic algorithm was also suggested to chooses a vehicle route considering traffic situation to minimize the total travel time. By comparing the result considering the traffic situation, the suggested algorithm gives better solution than existing algorithms.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2010

This paper presents an improved parallel particle swarm optimization approach (IPPSO) based decomposed network for economic power dispatch with discontinuous fuel cost functions. The range of partial power demand corresponding to the partial output powers near the global optimal solution is determined by a flexible decomposed network strategy and then the final optimal solution is obtained by parallel Particle Swarm Optimization. The proposed approach tested on 6 generating units with smooth cost function, and to 26-bus (6 generating units) with consideration of prohibited zone effect, the simulation results compared with recent global optimization methods (Bee-OPF, GA, MTS, SA, PSO). From the different case studies, it is observed that the proposed approach provides qualitative solution with less computational time compared to various methods available in the literature survey.