• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2006

Objectives: To analyze the characteristics of smoking prevention programs for the adolescent, and to synthesize the common effect sizes on smoking prevention programs for the adolescent. Methods: Seventeen studies for meta-analysis were selected from dissertations, these, and papers that had been published from 1996 to 2005 and had a randomized or nonequivalent control group in a pre test-post test design. The analysis of the data was computed by using the meta-analysis software package developed by Song(2003). Results: Smoking prevention programs for the adolescent have resulted in a significant effect size on smoking-knowledge( .62), smoking-attitude( .55) of smoking prevention programs for the adolescent showed more than 'medium effect' size. In smoking-knowledge and amount of smoking, the effect size was smoking-attitudes, the effect size was large in the studies which consists of more than 10 sessions of intervention. Conclusion: From the above results, we notice that the smoking prevention programs for the adolescent were effective in increasing the smoking-knowledge, smoking-attitudes, and the intention of smoking-cessation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1004-1013
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to describe the characteristics of smoking prevention programs in Korea, to estimate overall effect size of Korean smoking prevention programs, and to investigate effect size variations by program modality and instruction method. Method: Meta-analysis was performed on2l programs in 20 studies. Result: The estimation of overall effect size for knowledge and attitude was not possible because effect sizes were not homogeneous in this meta-analysis. However, effect sizes of studies that were socially influential programs or active/interactive methods were larger than information-oriented programs or passive/non-interactive methods in the pictures. The effects for behavioral outcomes were generally not as positive and not statistically significant. Q statistics showed that variations among effect sizes within program modality and instruction method classifications were heterogeneous. Conclusion: The results from this meta-analysis support the continued use of socially influential programs and active/interactive methods for smoking prevention programs. Because behavioral effect might be the fundamental objective of smoking prevention programs, the present results indicate that smoking prevention programs should consider adopting more effective programs.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2013

Objectives: In this study, a multilevel analysis model has been designed to investigate the effect of personal characteristics associated with smoking cessation on anti-smoking determinants with a goal of finding out the factors which have influence on smoking cessation among the entrants of smoking cessation clinic in a public health center. Methods: A total of 253,136 male smokers who received smoking cessation services for more than six(6) months in a smoking cessation clinic of public health center from July 16, 2007 to July 15, 2008 were examined. For technical analysis, SPSS Version 2.0 has been used. For multilevel analysis on smoking cessation determinants, in addition, HLM 7.0 has been adopted. Results: According to the unconditional model of multilevel analysis, the success rates of smoking cessation among the entrants of a smoking cessation clinic were 47.3%. In an unconditional slope model test to which regional variables were added, a negative effect was observed in average smoking amount, total smoking period, nicotine dependence and services while a positive effect was found in age, stress and type of social security in terms of the log of the odds of smoking cessation. In a conditional model test, a positive effect was observed in Non-Smoking Campaigns (NSC) and Frequency of Counseling (FC) in terms of the log of the odds of smoking cessation in regional variables. Conclusions: It is important to approach smokers individually and, at the same time, build healthy environment for a local community to increase smoking cessation rates among the entrants of smoking cessation clinic in a public health center.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.135-147
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• 2018

Objectives : This study was to investigate the effect of socioeconomic factors of smokers on their smoking cessation plans, using Korean Welfare Panel data. Methods : Of the 16,664 subjects who responded to the 10th Korean Welfare Panel Survey, 2,246 respondents who answered that they were currently smoking were included in this study. Results : The variables that affected smoking cessation plans were female, low education level, low level of smoking per day, and more than 24 hours of smoking cessation experience. Conclusions : Expanding the smoking cessation program for women, preventing smoking in schools and providing smoking cessation education will likely have a positive effect on smoking cessation plans. In addition, it would be helpful to increase the amount of smoking cessation support aimed at reducing the amount of cigarettes smoked per day and continuing smoking cessation for more than 24 hours.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.204-216
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• 2008

Purpose: Meta-analysis of this study was to analyze the character of adolescent smoking cessation programs, to calculate the effect size according to variables and to compare the weighted mean effect sizes on adolescent smoking cessation programs in Korea. Methods: Twenty two studies for meta-analysis were selected from dissertations, theses, articles and research papers that had been published from 1995 to 2003. The selected studies had a randomized or nonequivalent control group in a pretest-post test design and had reported statistical value to calculate the effect size. Results: The mean number of sessions was 6.5. The education time per each session varied from 40 to 150 min and the most applied theories were Bandura's social-cognitive theory and the cognitive-behavioral theory. Smoking-knowledge, smoking-attitudes and smoking-amount showed high effects on the first post test after mediating adolescent smoking cessation programs according to the criteria of Cohen. The effect size of urine-cotinine found no homogeneity on the first post test, but it was significantly effective on the second post test. Conclusion: Adolescent smoking cessation programs analyzed in this study were relatively effective in smoking abstinence.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.16-26
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• 2002

Objective : This study was designed to evaluate the decreasing or stop-smoking effect of smoking patients who were given to the auricular acupuncture treatment. Methods : We investigated the smoking patients who serviced Korea Power Engineering Company from March 2002 to April 2002. And one month later we investigated result. Results : In the success rate of low nicotine dependence group, stop-smoking was 28.2%, Above good effect was 57.7%. In the success rate of high nicotine dependence group, stop-smoking was 12.5%, Above good effect was 23.1%. Conclusion : We found that the auricular acupuncture treatment has the decreasing or stop-smoking effect of smoking patients specially to low nicotine dependence group.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2000

Objectives : This study is to evaluate the awareness, attitude, practice and the countermeasures against passive smoking in Korean adults. Methods : By self-administered questionnaires, we assessed the knowledge, attitude, behavior for passive smoking and the countermeasure for reduction of it's harmful effects in 289 men and 238 women. Results : The subjects that have heard about passive smoking were 96.8% in total and well known were 26.4% of current smoker, 56.6% of ex-smoker, and 14.8% of non-smoker(p=0.001). The irritative symptom from passive smoking was the most frequent in non-smokers and the most common place where exposed to passive smoking was public place. For attitude against passive smoking in 'no smoking allowed area', ex-smokers were the most active to recommend to stop smoking. And for opinion about establishment of 'no smoking allowed area', the restriction by law was the best acceptable method in smokers, exsmokers, and nonsmokers. In marking of 'no smoking allowed area', 69.9% of smokers answered no smoking, but in non-marking area only 6.3% stop smoking. When smokers were recommended to stop smoking, the more subjects stop smoking with good feeling in marking area, but the less in non-marking area. The factor associated the high awareness of passive smoking were aged(OR=1.07, 1.03-1.12), men(OR=4.34, 2.32-8.46). The persons who have known well about passive smoking had good attitude and behavior to prevent of harmful effect of passive smoking. Conclusions : This study suggested that education program would be necessary to reduce the passive smoking.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on physical fitness (dominant hand grip power, dominant isokinetic leg muscle strength, abdominal muscle endurance, flexibility, cardiopulmonary endurance) and depression in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: This study was a cross sectional study and subjects consisted of 60 young males with chronic low back pain. The subjects were allocated to two groups following a self-report survey: cigarette smoking group (n=25) or non-smoking group (n=35). Physical fitness (dominant hand grip power, dominant isokinetic leg muscle strength, abdominal muscle endurance, flexibility, cardiopulmonary endurance) were measured using objective methods and depression in patients with chronic low back pain was measured using the Korean version of center for epidemiologic studies depression (CES-D) scale. Results: The results of this study were as follows: In physical fitness, the cigarette smoking group showed a significant decrease in abdominal muscle endurance, flexibility, and cardiopulmonary endurance compared with the non-smoking group. Depression index (CES-D scale score) was significantly higher in the cigarette smoking group than in the non-smoking group. Conclusion: These results suggest that cigarette smoking had a negative effect on abdominal muscle endurance, flexibility, and cardiopulmonary endurance in patients with chronic low back pain. In addition, depression of patients with chronic low back pain was affected by cigarette smoking. Thus, we suggested that cigarette smoking may play a significant role in the deterioration of physical fitness and depression of chronic low back pain patients.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.153-170
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• 2004

Objectives： This study was performed to develop a smoking prevention program for Korean high school students, and to evaluate the effects of the program. Methods： A smoking prevention program, composed of five-session curriculum, was developed by modifying several smoking prevention and cessation programs based on the Social Influence Model. The program was applied to the freshmen of a technical high school. We surveyed with a questionnaire one week before education, one week after education, and two months after education. The number of participants for data analysis were 282(181 males, 101 females). Among those, 162(97 males, 65 females) students were allocated to the education group, and the other 120(84 males, 36 females) students were allocated to the control group. The effect of education was analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted by potential confounders. Results： Among smokers, those who had education were more likely to quit smoking (OR＝2.99, 95% confidence interval(CI) 0.84-10.64), and to decrease smoking frequency(OR＝2.29, 95% CI 0.95-5.53) in borderline significance one week after education. However, the effect of education disappeared two months after education. The effect of education was significant(OR＝9.11, 95% CI 3.22-25.76) for the increase of smoking cessation intention one week after education, and it persisted until two months after education(OR＝2.94, 95% CI 1.18-7.35). Education was also a significant predictor(OR＝1.97, 95% CI 0.89-4.37) for the increase of smoking cessation stage one week after education and it persisted(OR＝6.39, 95% CI 2.42-16.86) after two months. Among non-smokers, those who had education were more likely to decrease smoking intention one week after education(OR＝4.71, 95% CI 1.63-13.58). However, the statistical significance of education disappeared two months after education. Conclusions： The results showed that the smoking prevention program developed in this study changed smoking behaviors immdeiately after education even though the effect did not persist. However, this program was successful in increasing smoking cessation intention and stage of smoking cessation among smokers.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.273-282
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the effects of smoking prevention education on primary school students. Method: This study used a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 189 6th graders of two primary schools, of them, 97 were assigned to the experimental group and 92 were assigned to the control group. Smoking prevention education was applied in 7 sessions for 40 minutes every week. Survey was conducted before and one week after the smoking prevention education to examine student's knowledge of smoking, attitude, and smoking cessation intention. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and $x^2-test$, t-test using the SPSS Win 10.0 program. Results: After the completion of the smoking prevention education, there were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in smoking knowledge (t=2.651, p=.009), but smoking attitude (t=-.492, p=.623) and smoking cessation intention (t=-.425, p=.671) were not statistically significant between the two groups. Conclusion: The smoking prevention education for primary school students increased their knowledge on smoking but didn't have any significant impact on changing their smoking attitude and smoking cessation intention. Further study on longitudinal effect is recommended and the smoking prevention education should be provided continuously at school.