• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.481-492
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to understand and analyze the subjective structure of attitude The method was based on a Q-Methodological approach. The results of this study, there were four categories of smoking middle school students' attitude about smoking. The first type named Self Belief type that this type didn't sensible of their surrounding persons when they were smoking and they also were responsible for strong opinion at their behavior. The second type named Other's Awareness type that they were seen the behaviors they always have to see other person when they were smoked, but if they didn't smoke or have tobaccos they feel heavy and are restless. The third type named Solving of Anxiety type. They first used to smoke when they wanted to solve their anxiety, stress, awkwardness and angry. The fourth type named A Sense of Belonging Group type. This type followed if their friends were smoking they also did it with them. As to grasping of their motivation to smoking of middle school of students with smoking, they felt some intimacy and same quality each other. In consideration of various types of attitude about smoking, it was very necessary important to grasp the meaning because we were known about attitude, belief etc. And then Through getting hold of the meaning, we could understand with their thought and value of Students in middle school. Besides, as a substitute for the students were depending on smoking purposelessly will fix right self-confidence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to investigate the socio-economics status and the dietary behaviors of college students in Pusan. This survey was carried out through questionnaries and the subjects were 244 men and 229 women students of 7 universities in Pusan. The results of this study can be summarized as follow: 1. 54.1% of men and 43.5% of women were having breakfast regularly, while 43.9% of men and 30.1% of women were having dinner regularly. 2. Mean score of the eating behavior was 3.29 in men and 3.21 in women, and of the concern on food and nutrition was 8.46 in men and 9.98 in women. 3. Eating behavior had significantly high relationship with concern on food and nutrition but had a little relation with valuation on food and nutrition. 4. Variation in valuation and concern on food and nutrition or in eating behavior were negatively related with smoking and drinking. A considerable correlationship between smoking and drinking was found.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.216-220
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• 2008

The purposes of this paper are to describe the burnout, drinking and smoking behaviors among police officers in Korea and to identify the correlation among these three variables. And ultimate aim of this study is to provide basic information for the health improvement of Korean police officers.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.463-475
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• 2001

The purpose of the study was to examine if individual characteristics and experiences related to smoking behavior identified from the literature were significantly associated with behavior-specific cognitions and affect in the same way as presented in Pender's Revised Health Promotion Model(Pender, 1996). The subjects selected for this study were 400 college students enrolled in more than 10 colleges located in Seoul and Kyunggi-Inchon province. According to the study results, personal factors (i.e., perceived health status, the past history of disease, and symptoms related to smoking) and related behavior (i.e., the degree of alcohol consumption, and exercise) are significantly associated with behavior-specific cognitions and affect (i.e., perceived barriers to smoking cessation, perceived self-efficacy, and perceived benefits of smoking cessation). The canonical correlation between two groups of variables was .59, and it turned out to be statistically significant. Thirty-four percent of variance of the relationship between two group of variables was explained by two canonical variates which turned out to be significant in the study results. The result could be interpreted from the view of psycho-social area as follows: overall, this study includes important variables which explain the association between two groups of variables.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.384-394
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• 2017

Cessation and re smoking is recursive and addictive behaviors. Understanding differences in awareness of smokers and nonsmokers is fundamental to devise smoking policies. Research is focused on male adult's choices of educators and motivation level by personal attributes and awareness. There was a difference in awareness of smoking policies between smokers and nonsmokers. Community health centers and physicians were preferred for antismoking educator but not different between smokers and nonsmokers. Motivational levels of cessation in pictures of lung cancer, dental therapy, cigarette taxation, smoking area restriction and social marketing were statistically significant. The results indicate that male adult smokers are Motivated to quit smoking by those five contributors[P=.000].

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the level of knowledge on preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and nicotine dependency among smoking male college students, and to examine the predicting factors of nicotine dependency. Methods: This study was conducted as cross-sectional descriptive research using structured questionnaires. Data were collected from 411 smoking male college students ($22.5{\pm}2.59$ yr) at two universities located in two cities in Korea from September 2012 to April 2013. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate age-adjusted odds ratios of nicotine dependency. Results: The mean value of nicotine dependency was $4.2{\pm}1.96$ and the percentage of participants who had strong nicotine dependency (${\geq}7$) was 10.7%. Logistic regression analysis showed that, when adjustment was made for age, nicotine dependency was predicted by the frequency of alcohol drinking (${\geq}3$ times/week), knowledge on CVD prevention, the age starting drinking, and the total length of smoking. Conclusion: Nicotine dependency was strongly related to the frequency of drinking alcohol and lower knowledge on CVD prevention. Therefore, male college students who have a dependent smoking habit and drink alcohol frequently need to take more interest in health through educational counseling to modify their lifestyle behaviors and to have preventive knowledge related to CVD.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.358-370
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between college women's resourcefulness and health promoting behaviors. The subjects were 215 college women students who were non-married and ranged in grade from 1 to 4. Data was collected from Nov. 1 to Nov. 30, 2001 by a structured questionnaires. The instruments, which were modified by researcher and used for this study, were the revised Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) developed by Walker, Sechrist and Pender(1987), the Resourcefulness developed by Rosenbaum(1980) and the general characteristic scale developed by the researcher. The data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows : 1. The mean score of resourcefulness was 109.29(range:$36\sim180$). 2.There were statistically significant difference in the score of resourcefulness according to the grade(F=2.889, P=.037) and drinking(t=-3.264, P=.002). 3.The mean score of health promoting behaviors was 107.21(range: 44~176). 4.There were statistically significant difference in the score of the health promoting behaviors according to the grade(F=.141, P=.039), smoking(t=-3.314, P=.008) and drinking (t=-4.091, P=.000). 5. College women's degree of resourcefulness showed a positive correlation with the degree of health promoting behavior (r=.573, P=.000). 6. By means of multiple regression analysis, the resourcefulness provided explained 32.9% of health promoting behavior. In conclusion, the resourcefulness should be considered when developing nursing strategies for college women, especially when dealing with the health promoting behaviors. The recommendations from this study necessitate of further studies to investigate how smoking and drinking have an effect on the health promoting behaviors.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the extent of the health behaviors of juveniles with experience in drug and the extent of their oral health behaviors. Then the impact of such factors on the oral health was analyzed. Methods: The analysis in this study used the raw data from 'The Fifth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey' after getting approval for use from the Center for Disease Control. The research subjects of this study were juveniles with experience in drug. Analysis was done by using 8 socio-demographic variables, 6 health behaviors related variables, 4 oral-health behaviors related variables and 1 oral health related variable. All survey data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 17.0 program. as frequency analysis and logistic regression. Results: The factors that give impact on the oral health of juveniles with drug experience were found as: gender, academic year, study grade, school type, school class, city scale, economic status, residential type, experience in alcohol, experience in smoking, obesity, frequency of medium-level physical exercise, eating breakfast frequency, hours of sleeping, number of tooth-brushing in one day, brushing teeth after lunch frequency, experience in dental treatment and experience in oral health training. Conclusions: In order to improve the oral health of juveniles with drug experience, health behaviors such as stop-smoking, stop-drinking and regular physical exercise are recommended. In addition, they should stop using drugs that threats their oral health. The development of nursing intervention to maintain the continuous enhancement of their oral health is also required.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.468-479
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• 2022

Objectives: This study investigates dietary supplement intakes by examining the characteristics of dietary and health-related behaviors. Data were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Dietary and health-related behaviors were also examined before and after the occurrence of COVID-19 and household types (multi-members vs. single person). Methods: Data used in this study were collected from the 2019-2020 KNHANES by including adults aged 19 to 64 years. Pregnant, lactating, and subjects consuming calories less than 500 and more than 5,000 were excluded. Differences in dietary and health-related behaviors before and after COVID-19, and between the two types of households were analyzed by Chi-square analyses using Rao-Scott. Logistic regression analyses were applied to determine which dietary and health-related behaviors affected the dietary supplement intakes. In addition, descriptive analysis was run for demographic characteristics. Results: The dietary supplement intake rate differed significantly with respect to the gender, age, education, marital status, and household income. Dietary supplement intakes, frequency of eating out, obesity, and body weight changes were significantly different before and after COVID-19. In addition, meal evaluation, frequency of eating out, drinking, smoking, activity, subjective health evaluation, and body weight changes showed significant differences by household type. Attitude towards nutrition, activity, meal evaluation, obesity, and smoking were factors that affected the intake of dietary supplements. Conclusions: While increased intake of dietary supplements is a prevalent phenomenon, this intake needs to be monitored and studied closely, considering the sociodemographic characteristics and dietary and health-related behaviors. Furthermore, the dietary supplement intake trend after COVID-19 needs to be studied along with food intake.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.553-562
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine actual conditions of smoking and alcohol drinking behaviors among high school students, so that it could recognize possible harmful effects of smoking on oral health and could give positive motivations for students to quit smoking and drinking. Methods : This research was based on self-filling survey which 1,385 high school students in metropolitan area in Korea from September 5 to October 28, 2011. Surveyed data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test and logistic analysis using SPSS WIN 12.0 program and its signification level was 0.05. Results : 1. As for smoking rate and drinking rate, boy students accounted for 11.6% and 25.4%, thereby having been higher than girl students(p<.001). It was the highest in over 180 cm(16.0%, 35.0%, p<.001) for height, in 60-under 70 kg for weight(13.4%, 23.5%, p<.001), and in a case of profession for mother's job(13.8%, 28.4%, p<.005). 2. The perceived oral symptoms had relationship with the less than 10 cigarettes of smoke (OR=2.41; 95% CI:1.31-4.41), more than 11 cigarettes of smoke (OR=3.16; 95% CI:1.42-7.00) and more than 1 bottle of alcohol (OR=1.75; 95% CI:1.00-3.06). Conclusions : This result implies that adolescents' smoking and drinking have correlation with oral health status, which makes uncomfortable sense felt given chewing along with the pain in teeth and gum. Based on the above findings, a school or community needs to reinforce education for preventing smoking and drinking and to offer environment available for practicing anti-smoking and anti-drinking plan, in order to reduce adolescents' smoking and drinking.