• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.276-283
• /
• 2017

Background: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) has rapidly increased. Even though e-cigarettes are actually not smoking cessation alternative supplies, some people perceive them as smoking cessation alternative supplies. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between e-cigarette experiences and smoking cessation behaviors among Korean adults. Methods: Cross-sectional data was collected from 7,550 participants of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2014. A total of 867 participants who were current smokers were enrolled in this study. Multi-variable logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the relationship between the smoking cessation behavior and the e-cigarette experience. Results: The e-cigarette experience rate of current smokers was 22.1%. The e-cigarette experience rate was higher in groups with the higher income, the higher education level, and the white collar jobs. Smokers with experience of smoking cessation (odds ratio [OR], 3.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.67 to 5.76) and with intention to smoking cessation in the future (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.43) were more likely to experience the e-cigarette. Especially, smokers who used smoking cessation alternative supplies were more likely to experience the e-cigarette than smokers who did not use it (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.59 to 5.18). Conclusion: We confirmed that e-cigarette experiences were associated with smoking cessation experience, smoking cessation plan, and use of smoking cessation aid among smokers in Korea. Additional studies should be continued to confirm whether e-cigarette are continuously influencing the smoking cessation of current smokers in South Korea as one of the smoking cessation alternative supplies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.805-810
• /
• 2013

Increasing the rate of smoking cessation will reduce the burden of diseases related to smoking, including cancer. Understanding the process of smoking cessation is a pre-requisite to planning and developing effective programs to enhance the rate of smoking cessation.The aims of the study were to determine the demographic distribution of smokers across the initial stages of smoking cessation (the pre-contemplation and contemplation stages) and to identify the predictors of smoking cessation among Malaysian adult smokers. Data were extracted from a population-based, cross-sectional survey carried out from April 2006 to July 2006. The distribution of 2,716,743 current smokers across the pre-contemplation stage (no intention to quit smoking in the next six months) or contemplation stage (intended to quit smoking in the next six months) was described. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between socio-demographic variables and the stages of smoking cessation. Of the 2,716,743 current smokers, approximately 30% and 70% were in the pre-contemplative and contemplative stages of smoking cessation respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that male gender, low education level, older age group, married and those from higher income group and number of cigarettes smoked were associated with higher likelihood of pre-contemplation to cease smoking in the next six months. The majority of current smokers in Malaysia were in the contemplative stage of smoking cessation. Specific interventions should be implemented to ensure the pre-contemplative smokers proceed to the contemplative stage and eventually to the preparation stage.

• 융합정보논문지
• /
• 제10권9호
• /
• pp.191-199
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 치과 의료기관의 성별에 따른 치과위생사를 대상으로 직무만족, 감정노동, 이직의도의 상관성를 자기기입식 설문조사를 실시하였다. 남성의 경우 직무만족은 금연에서 높고, 감정노동은 높은 연령이 낮았다. 이직의도는 35세 이상에서는 낮고 직원수가 11-20명, 흡연에서는 높았다. 여성인 경우 직무만족은 10년 이상 경력, 대학졸, 직원 수 20명 초과가 높았으며 감정노동은 높은 연령이 낮고 음주에서 높았다. 이직의도는 전문대졸, 미혼, 음주가 높았다. 남성이 여성에 비해 감정노동이-0.22배 적었으나 이직 의도는 3.9배로 높았다. 직원 수는 10명 이상이 2.7배로 높았다. 따라서 성별에 따른 차이점을 고려하여 직무만족을 높이고 감정노동과 이직의도를 줄이는 노력이 체계적으로 이루어져야 것이다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 2013

This study investigated the effect of a health-related lifestyle on knowledge, attitude, control belief and behavior intention toward breast-feeding of male and female university students in order to develop a breast-feeding education program for students of childbearing age. The subjects were 445 university students (125 male and 325 female) residing in eight provinces in Korea. The overall percentage of subjects intending to breast-feed their baby was 80.7% (73.6% of males and 84.2% of females). Overall, 84.2% of the subjects had high concerns about their health status. Scores reflecting a positive attitude, knowledge, and control beliefs toward breast-feeding were significantly higher (p<0.05~p<0.001) in female students, students majoring in medicine, and higher grades. The students who scored high at attitude, knowledge, and control beliefs also had a significantly higher (p<0.001) intention to breast-feed. When we investigated the sub factors of attitudes toward breast-feeding, significantly more students taking nutrient supplements scored high for physiological factors (p<0.05) and health-related factors (p<0.01). Significantly more non-smoking and non-drinking students scored high for health-related factors (p<0.001) and physiological factors (p<0.001), respectively. The intention to breast-feed was found to be significantly higher (p<0.01) in students who did not smoke, but not with other health-related lifestyles. In summary, these results indicate that the majority of university students intend to breast-feed, with students having a positive attitude, higher knowledge, and stronger control beliefs having a higher intention to breast-feed. Although a student's health-related lifestyle affects their attitudes on the physiological and health-related aspects of breast-feeding, only smoking status had an observable connection on the intention to breast-feed. Thus, when developing breast-feeding education programs for students, we recommend efforts to enhance a favorable attitude, knowledge, and control beliefs toward breast-feeding.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual state of and the factors in relation to drinking and smoking of elementary school. The subject for this study consisted of 604 students of six elementary schools located in Pusan. The data were collected by using a anonymous questionnaire during the period from Nov. 1, 1998 to Nov. 15, 1998. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. The rate of drinking of the whole respondents was 20.7% (male 25.4%, female 15.6%), the rate of smoking was 8.1%(male 11.7%, female 4.2%). The user of drink and cigarets together showed 5.6%. 2. The school year of the first drinking and smoking was most at the 5th grade in elementary school(drinking 24.8%, smoking 20.4%). The motivation of beginning drinking and smoking was curiosity for the most part(32.0%, 61.2%). As to a way to get drink and cigarets, using a thing in the house' was most(82.2%). As to a used place, their own home or their friends' home showed 32.2% for the most part. Companion was mostly alone(84.0%). 3. Those who had experience of drinking and smoking took more positive attitude toward drinker and smoker, were more hospitable to exhortation to drinking and smoking, and were more positive about the late intention of drinking and smoking, but his desire for health education was lower than not. And he showed overlooking or keeping step with his friend's drinking and smoking. 4. In the results so far investigated difference of drinking and smoking according to a general tendency of respondents. The experience of drinking was related to sex distinction (P=0.003) and the marital status of parents (P=0.001). And the experience of smoking had relation to sex distinction(P=0.001), the marital status of parents(P=0.001), the parent's attitude of bring up(P=0.020) and making use of leisure (P=0.029)(P<.05).

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.287-301
• /
• 2004

본 연구는 전남 곡성군 주민을 대상으로 지역사회 주민의 흡연율을 감소시키고, 금연 희망자의 금연 의지를 강화시키기 위해 2002년도에 개발된 곡성군 금연 클리닉의 '금연 개인관리 프로그램'을 중심으로 흡연 욕구 및 금연 장애요인에 대처하고, 금연 실천을 독려할 수 있는 금연 강화 프로그램을 개발하였으며, 프로그램의 지속적인 관리를 위해 지역 보건소가 수행의 주체가 되는 금연정보 지원시스템을 구축하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 본 연구의 중심이 된 '금연 개인관리 프로그램'은 지역 주민들에게 금연관련 정보 및 금연 기술을 제공하고, 금연에 관한 자기 통제력을 강화시키기 위해 개발된 인터넷 금연 프로그램이다. 그러나 '금연 개인관리 프로그램'은 참여자의 자발적인 행위를 원칙으로 하기 때문에 금연행위 유도 및 지속적인 금연 유지에 취약성을 지니고 있다. 따라서 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위해 성공적인 금연이 이루어질 수 있도록 개인별 금연실천을 돕기 위한 금연 강화 프로그램인 인터넷 금연 푸쉬 서비스를 개발하였고, 이에 관한 효과평가를 수행함으로써 프로그램의 문제점을 보완하기 위한 단계별 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 금연 푸쉬 서비스를 활용한 금연 강화시스템은 개인별 금연실천을 돕기 위해 회원 가입이 이루어진 당일부터 금연 푸쉬 서비스가 제공되도록 설계하였으며, 모든 금연 푸쉬 서비스는 금연도전 프로그램의 단계에 맞추어 전자메일을 활용하여 제공되도록 고안하였다. 또한 각 단계별로 일정 형식에 따라 하루 1회씩 프로그램 참여 일정에 맞추어 제공하도록 설계하였다. 둘째, 금연 의지를 강화시키기 위해 금연 압력 메시지 및 경고 메시지, 성공 메시지를 개발하였으며, 금연 압력 메시지는 '금연 개인관리 프로그램' 에서 작성된 각 단계별 개인 정보를 활용하였고, 이전 단계에서 수립된 금연전략의 재확인 및 활용수준을 점검할 수 있도록 구성하였다. 셋째, 금연 푸쉬 서비스를 활용한 금연 강화 프로그램 및 운영 시스템을 평가하기 위해 군청 공무원 및 보건의료원의 보건직 공무원 중 흡연자로서 금연 강화 프로그램에 참여를 희망하는 10명으로 평가단을 구성하였으며, 1개월 간 시범 운영을 수행하였다. 넷째, 금연 강화 프로그램에 관한 내용 및 접근형식을 평가한 결과, 참여자의 기록 분량, 내용의 난이도. 시각적 효과의 불충분이 문제점으로 지적되었으며, 이를 개선하기 위해 참여자 중심의 기록방식을 클릭중심의 기록방식으로 전환, 참여자의 이해수준의 고려한 내용수정, 그래픽 요인의 추가 및 시각적 효과의 보완, 추구관리를 모듈 개발 등을 대안으로 제시하였다. 다섯째, 금연 강화 프로그램의 운영 시스템에 관하여 평가한 결과, 금연 압력 메시지를 제공하는 금연 푸쉬 서비스와 홈페이지와의 연계성 및 금연 개인관리 프로그램과의 연계성이 문제점으로 지적되었으며, 이를 보완하기 위해 홈페이지와의 링크 작업 개선 및 금연 개인관리 프로그램과의 링크 작업 새선, 휴대폰의 문자서비스(SMS) 기능 활용 등을 대안으로 제시하였다. 여섯째, 금연 강화 프로그램의 향후 단계별 개선방안을 프로그램의 일부 코드의 수정으로 가능한 즉시 개선방안과 프로그램 흐름의 일부 수정, 가감해야 하는 단기 개선방안, 프로그램 흐름의 대폭 수정 및 추가 모듈 개발이 필요한 중장기 개선방안으로 구분하여 제시하였다. 따라서 향후 금연 강화 프로그램을 지원하기 위한 금연자 추후관리 시스템이 구축되어야 하고, 지역 주민의 금연 실천을 독려하기 위한 다양한 컨텐츠가 개발이 선행되어야 하겠다. 또한 이를 지원하기 위해 지역 보건소 실무 담당자의 지속적인 교육 훈련 및 금연 사업을 위한 예산확보, 표준화된 금연사업 관리 지침서가 개발되어야 하겠다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.107-122
• /
• 2005

Objectives: To prevent smoking among adolescents, we should facilitate school-based smoking prevention programs and provide supports for teachers to participate actively in these programs. This study investigated Korean middle teachers' intentions, perceptions, and attitudes toward participating in smoking prevention programs. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional. Our conceptual framework utilized the Theory of Planned Behavior by Fishbein and Ajzen. We conducted open-ended elicitation interviews with teachers. We developed the survey questionnaire contents with data from these interviews, and distributed the questionnaires in 2002 to 194 school teachers from four schools in Seoul and Kyounggi-Do. Teachers' beliefs(behavioral, normative & control) and intentions about participating in smoking prevention programs were measured by 7-point scales. Results: The majority of teachers surveyed reported participating in adolescents' smoking prevention programs, while only less than 10% teachers reported having educational training for such programs. Teachers' attitudes toward participating in smoking prevention programs were positive, but they did not feel strong subjective norms about participating in the programs. They reported several barriers as well as facilitating conditions in participating in those programs. In correlation analysis, teachers' subjective norms and attitudes toward participating in smoking prevention were significantly correlated with their intentions to participating in those programs. Teachers with positive perceptions about smoking prevention programs were more likely to have strong intentions to participation in them, while teachers who received educational training and instructions on how to teach in smoking prevention programs were more likely to have positive perceptions than those who did not. Conclusion: We concluded that smoking prevention programs for adolescents can be made more effective by increasing societal expectations that teachers participate in these programs, and by providing additional resources dedicated to facilitating teachers' active participation in them.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.625-630
• /
• 2013

Background: Hardcore smoking is represented by a subset of daily smokers with high nicotine dependence, inability to quit and unwillingness to quit. Estimating the related burden could help us in identifying a high risk population prone to tobacco induced diseases and improve cessation planning for them. This study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of hardcore smoking in three South-East Asian countries and discussed its implication for smoking cessation intervention in this region. Materials and Methods: Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data of India, Bangladesh and Thailand were analyzed to quantify the hardcore smoking prevalence in the region. On the basis of review, an operational definition of hardcore smoking was adopted that includes (1) current daily smoker, (2) no quit attempt in the past 12 months of survey or last quit attempt of less than 24 hours duration, (3) no intention to quit in next 12 months or not interested in quitting, (4) time to first smoke within 30 minutes of waking up, and (5) knowledge of smoking hazards. Logistic regression analysis was carried out using hardcore smoking status as response variable and gender, type of residence, occupation, education, wealth index and age-group as possible predictors. Results: There were 31.3 million hardcore smokers in the three Asian countries. The adult prevalence of hardcore smoking in these countries ranges between 3.1% in India to 6% in Thailand. These hardcore smokers constitute 18.3-29.7% of daily smokers. The logistic regression model indicated that age, gender, occupation and wealth index are the major predictors of hardcore smoking with varied influence across countries. Conclusions: Presence of a higher number of hardcore smoking populations in Asia is a major public health challenge for tobacco control and cancer prevention. There is need of intensive cessation interventions with due consideration of contextual predictors.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.124-134
• /
• 2005

Objectives : This study was peformed to evaluate the actual state and the effects of Smoking Prevention or Stop-Smoking Programs (Sp/SSP) for middle school students and to confirm students' needs for Oriental Medical Treatments (OMT) in SP/SSP. Methods : Thirty-nine middle school students who took part in the SP/SSP of the Public Health Center (PHC) in July 2004 answered the questionnaire. There were twenty students in $PHC{\alpha}$, and 19 students in $PHC{\beta}$. Resillts : 1. At the elementary school, SP/SSP is not enough, compared with middle school (p=.000). 2. Subjects preferred tile documents from PCH to those from school $(PCH{\alpha}: p-value=.002,\;PCH{\beta}: p-value=.004)$ 3. There was no mention of OMT in school SP/SSP. 4. The degree of thinking about need of teaming OMT in SSP has a positive correlationship (p-value=.000) with intention to be treated with auricular acupuncture therapy. Results : The SP/SSP for middle-school students must be improved to be more active, more experimental and more individual. Also, a more various, positive approach in OMT is required toward the Stop-Smoking Program.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 1992

This study was surveyed among 1136 respondent of high school girls in seoul from Feb. 6, till Feb. 22, 1992 for the purpose of analysing the smoking of high school girls and its factor. The data was analied by X²-test and Multiple Regression and shows the following. 1. Out of 1,136 respondent, the current smokers were found to be 176, 15.5% and the former smokers were 204, 18.0%. This implies that 23.5% of high school girls seoul have experience smoking. 2. For the first smoking time in both smoking group and former smokers, it shows that the third grade of middle school lead the lists. 36.9% (65) of the smokers and 37.3(75)of former smokers experienced the first smoking at that time. 70.5%(124) of the smoking group have the intention to stop smoking and the first reason of it is health problem, 65.6%(75). 3. For the type of the school the smoking rate rages from 2.7%(7) of literary part in day time to 25.3%(97) of vocational part in evening time and the rate of smoking experience shows from 9.9%(26) literary part in day time to 25.3%(97) of vocational part in evening time. This data show that literary part in day time has the lowst rate while vocational part in eveing time the highest rate. 4. Compared with non smoker group, smoking group and former smoking group spent more money (P<0.001) and felt dissatisfied with school life and didn't have good school records. 5. Smoking group and former smokers have more boy friends than non smoking group and in most cases their boy friend have smoking habits (P<0.001) and it is the same with their gril friend (P<0.001). 6. Compared with non smoker group, smoking group and former smokers lack of their parents' interest (P<0.001). But whether it is strict or free there is little difference among the three group. 7. For smoking group and former smoking group, in most cases their parent, brother and sister tend to smoke and especially their sisters' smoking has much influence on their smoking in comparison with non-smokers. 8. Compared with non-smoker group, smoking group and former smoking group tend to think less of the harm of smoking. In regard with health problem, more smoking group and former smokers think that smoking can relieve the stress (P<0.001), and more non-smokers know that when a pregnant woman smokes, it can cause the lack of supply of Oxygen{P<0.01). 9. Smoking group and former smoking group have more positive attitude towards smoking than non-smokers and tend to agree to their boy and girl friends' smoking(P<0.001).