• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2017

According to 2015 ministry of public safety and security statistics, product of combustion makes the most victims while fire. for that reason, recent studies about combustion products have been researched actively in domestic and foreign papers. In domestic, study is handling the combustion product effects on human body and flame propagation. Foreign study is conduct about combustion product effects to shelter in offshore and toxic effects on human. because combustion product is toxic and disturb escape by block the view, many research conducted about optimize combustion product removal facilities using dispersion experiments and CFD simulations. In this study, this paper analysed research trend about toxic gas production model while combustion and its removal facilities, it will be the standard of combustion products research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2009

Although prion diseases, a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases of human and animals, are presumed to be caused by several mechanisms including abnormal change of prion protein, oxidative stress is still believed to play a central role in development of the diseases. Cigarette smoking has a few beneficial effects on neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease despite of many detrimental effects. In this study, we investigated how chronic cigarette smoking could exert such beneficial effect against oxidative damage. For this study, homogenates of 87V scrapie-infected brain was inoculated on intracerebral system of IM mice through stereotaxic microinjection and biochemical properties concerning with oxidative stress were examined. The scrapie infection decreased the activity of mitochondrial Mn-containing superoxide dismutase by 50% of the control, meanwhile the effects on other antioxidant enzymes including Cu or Zn-containing superoxide dismutase were not significant. Additionally, the infection elevated superoxide level as well as monoamine oxide-B (MAO-B) in the infected brain. Interestingly, many of the detrimental effects were improved in partial or significantly by long-term cigarette smoke exposure (CSE). CSE not only completely prevented the generation of mitochondrial superoxide but also significantly (p<0.05) decreased the elevated mitochondrial MAO-B activity in the infected brain. Concomitantly, CSE prevented subsequent protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation caused by scrapie infection; however, it did not affect the activities of antioxidant enzymes. These results suggest that chronic exposure of cigarette smoke contribute to in part preventing the progress of neurodegeneration caused by scrapie infection.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.229-237
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to be useful in working out plans for improving national health by identifying public workers' knowledge of and attitude to smoking, actual conditions of smoking within nonsmoking areas, and related factors. For the purpose, the questionnaire was carried out with 761 public officials of the division manager-level and lower working in Taegu Metropolitan City Hall in september, 1998. The results are summarized as follows; Smokers of the subject group accounted for 55.1％, and the smoking rate had a significant relation with age and religion. In view of the time when smokers started smoking, smokers who started smoking after graduation from a high school accounted for 70.6％. Smokers who smoke one pack of cigarettes per day and a cigarette to its two-thirds length was the most. In the smoking place of smokers at home, 54.9％ of the smokers responded that they smoke in an outdoor space The rate of smoking in an office was 68.3％ and the rate of smoking within the nonsmoking areas of other public institutions was 43.0％. The results of multiple regression analysis with the actual state of smoking within the nonsmoking area of other public institutions as an independent variable revealed that smokers who check for a nonsmoking area before smoking in the public institutions and who do not smoke in an office do not smoke within the nonsmoking areas of other public institutions. In conclusion, more smoking and health education for public workers is needed to reduce the rate of national smoking and allow people to have a good smoking attitude, and it is required to arrange an institutional system who can strictly control public workers' smoking in their offices or public places and to stress a function of surveillance and monitoring by nonsmokers.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.88-96
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• 2017

The subway can transport a lot of people at a certain route at once, and the railway and the platform are underground, so it is advantageous to use the ground space efficiently. But If a fire occurs in a subway that is used by an unspecified number of people, such as the Daegu Subway Fire Disaster, many casualties can occur. As a result of the previous research, it was confirmed that the performance of the ventilation system of the old subway platform was remarkably degraded. Therefore, in this study, based on the experimental results of the previous research, we confirmed the flow of the hot and CO flows according to the ventilation mode in the case of fire by three - dimensional numerical analysis. As a result, it was found that the old ventilation system could not maintain the hot air temperature below the reference value for 4 minutes based on the evacuation time of the platform, and when the ventilation performance was enhanced by adding Oversized Exhaust Ports at the upper part of the platform, And the temperature of the heat flow can be maintained.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.08a
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• pp.92-96
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• 2005

We propose a shelter guidance system using the PLC to resolve that a conventional shelter guidance light for underground space has problems. The proposed shelter guidance system is composed of a main control part, a PLC remote control part, a charging part, a sound generation part, a display part, an alarm part and a smoke sensing part. The efficacy of the proposed system is verified by means of experimental. Experimental results are presented that show the effectiveness and the improvement of noise.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1756-1762
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• 2002

To effectively meet current regulations on the exhaust emissions of diesel engine required to control the deterioration of air pollution in the whole world, this study is to investigate the effects of water induction through the air intake system on the characteristics of combustion and exhaust emissions in IDI diesel engine. A method fur supplying water through the air intake system to reduce the exhaust emissions has been considered with other methods such as water introduction in the form of water-in-fuel emulsion or water injection directly into the combustion chamber, but it has not been studied about the effects of water on the combustion concepts and the characteristics of exhaust emissions in detail until now. In this study, the formation of NOx was significantly suppressed by decreasing the gas peak temperature during the initial combustion process because the water play a role as a heat sink during evaporating in the combustion chamber, but the smoke was slightly increased by increasing water amount.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.496-501
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• 2008

Recently, many automotive companies tend to apply an air quality system (AQS), which prevents polluted air such as smoke or dust by controlling air intake actuator of vehicle, to satisfy the consumer's need for agreeable in-vehicle environment. However, performance of the traditional AQS is not satisfactory because a polluted air may enter into the inside of vehicle through the breaks of windows. Especially, the commercial vehicles such as bus or truck need to be prevented polluted air from the breaks of vehicle. Hence, as an alternative to the traditional AQS, this paper presents the architecture of smart AQS for commercial vehicle and implementation of the smart AQS. Also, the performance of the suggested system is evaluated through an experimental testbed.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.745-756
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• 2022

The road tunnel is a semi-closed space that is blocked on all sides except the entrance and exit, and in the event of a fire, the smoke of the fire spreads longitudinally due to heat buoyancy caused by the fire and air currents that always exist in the tunnel. To solve this problem, smoke removal facilities are installed in road tunnels to secure a safe evacuation environment by controlling the direction of movement of smoke or directly smoking at fire points. In urban areas, the service level of urban roads decreases due to the increase in traffic due to the increase in population, and as a solution, the construction of underground roads in urban areas is increasing. When a fire occurs during hydrogen leakage through TPRD of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (FCEV), the fire intensity depends on the amount of leakage, and the maximum fire intensity depends on the orifice diameter of the TPRD. Considering the TPRD orifice diameter of 1.8 mm, this study analyzed the diffusion distance of fire smoke according to the wind speed of the roadway and the opening interval of the large exhaust port when the maximum fire intensity was 15 MW. As a result, it was analyzed that air flow in the tunnel could be controlled if the wind speed of the road in the tunnel was less than 1.25 m/s, and smoke could be controlled within 200 m from the fire if the damper interval was 50 m and 100 m.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.193-198
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.583-586
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• 2005

We propose a shelter guidance system using the PLC communication to resolve that a conventional shelter guidance light for underground space has problems. The proposed shelter guidance system is composed of a main control part, a PLC remote control part, a charging part, a sound generation part, a display part, an alarm part and a smoke sensing part.. The efficacy of the proposed system is verified by means of experimental. Experimental results are presented that show the effectiveness and the improvement of noise.