• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.155-158
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• 2008

In this study we compared corrosion resistance tests which were carried out according to the national technique standard and the UL standard to ensure the reliability of smoke detectors in foul weather. The sensitivity of smoke detectors became so blunt that the least operational smoke concentration was a maximum change of 13% in the national technique standard, while it was a maximum change of 145% in the UL standard. As a result of this study the test method of corrosion resistance was made an objective evaluation in the national technique standard. Therefore it could be said that a basis of developing the test method of corrosion resistance was prepared for our country.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.78-83
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• 2009

17 kinds of fire resistant paint which are currently used were painted on the MDF, to find flame resistance performance and smoking characteristics according to principal ingredient and characteristics of fire resistant paint. 45 degree combustion test and smoke density test were conducted to investigate the flame resistance performance and smoking characteristics. According to the 45 degree combustion test, acrylic resin type fire resistant paint showed the most excellent fire resistance performance. And the water soluble fire resistant paint showed better fire resistance performance compare to the solvent soluble paints. Also gloss paint showed better fire resistance performance than the flat paint. Based on the smoke density test, the smoke generation of fire resistant treated specimen of acrylic resin type was least. And the water soluble fire resistant paint generate little smoke than solvent soluble fire resistant paint.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.656-662
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• 2009

In this paper, the heat resistance reliability of an axial smoke exhaust fan was investigated. An axial smoke exhaust fan should be capable of operating at $250^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. The heat resistance reliability was evaluated by the heat resistance reliability test. A B10 life with a 90% confidence level was estimated to be about 48 minute. The failure occurred in the motor due to high temperature. The main failure mechanisms of the motor were melting of bond and insulating paper and burning of insulating materials in the coil. The heat resistance reliability was improved by changing the way to unite the core and the coil and by replacing the insulating paper and the insulating materials of the coil. A B10 life with a 90% confidence level of a modified axial smoke exhaust fan was estimated to be over 120 minute.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.289-297
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• 2005

In order to improve resistant properties of water-borne acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives(PSAs) for automobiles, this study was carried out. Removable PSAs for automobiles were synthesized by emulsion polymerization of monomers, n-butyl acrylate(BA), n-butyl methacrylate(BMA), acrylonitrile(AN), acrylic acid(AA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate(2-HEMA), and AA and 2-HEMA could act as functional monomers for crosslink. Emulsion polymerization was carried out in a semi-batch type reactor. Water resistance, heat resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance and smoke resistance were examined. As a result, water resistance increased with the amount of BMA, however, the effect of BMA content on the water resistance was insignificant at a range of over 14 wt%. The water resistance also increased with the amount of functional monomers, AA and 2-HEMA. The prepared PSAs satisfied all the standard for automobiles except heat resistance. However, the heat resistance comes nearly up to the standard. Also, acid resistance, alkali resistance and smoke resistance of the prepared PSAs satisfied with the standard.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Indonesian log production is dominated by young trees harvested from plantation forests. The timber contains of sapwood and juvenile wood, which are not resistant to termite attack. Smoking treatment can enhance wood resistance to termite attack, but it also changes the color. Specimens of mangium (Acacia mangium) and sengon (Falcataria moluccana) wood were exposed for 1, 2, and 3 weeks to smoke produced from the pyrolysis of salam (Syzygium polyanthum) wood. The color change of the wood was measured using the CIELab method. In addition, wood specimens were exposed to subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren) under laboratory conditions. Untreated and imidacloprid-preserved wood samples were also prepared for comparison purposes. The results showed that the color of smoked wood differed from that of untreated wood, and the color change for sengon was greater than for mangium. In addition, the 1-week smoking period changed the wood color less than the 2- and 3-week periods, which did not differ. Imidacloprid-preserved wood had distinctive color changes compared to untreated wood. Untreated mangium wood had moderate resistance to subterranean termite attack (resistance class III), while sengon had very poor resistance (resistance class V). Salam wood smoke enhanced wood resistance to termite attack, and smoke treatment of 1 week for mangium and 2 weeks for sengon resulted in the wood becoming very resistant (resistance class I). Both types of smoked wood were more resistant to subterranean termite attack than imidacloprid-preserved wood (average class II resistance).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.91-92
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• 2019

In case of fire in a compartmentalized building area, a number of casualties are caused by smoke production. Accordingly, openings, penetrations and joints in compartmentalized spaces should be secured not only for fire resistance but also for smoke-proofing. However, domestic test regulations stipulate test methods for refractory performance of penetrations and joints, but do not specify separate deferral performance. In the case of openings, the test for the smoke performance exists at room temperature, but the smoke performance at high temperature is not secured, so countermeasures are needed.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2004

Side-stream cigarette smoke (SSCS) is a major component of environmental tobacco smoke. The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of lung injury and lipid peroxidation in the lung and liver of immunodeficient (Nude) mice exposed to acute SSCS (a total 5 hours of exposure). The effects of French maritime bark extract (Pycnogeno $l^{ⓡ}$) supplementation of the mice were also determined. SSCS increased pulmonary resistance and lipid peroxidation in these mice. Pycnogeno $l^{ⓡ}$ supplementation increased vitamin E levels in lung and liver. In addition, Pycnogeno $l^{ⓡ}$ attenuated SSCS-mediated lung injury and lipid peroxidation. It appears that the enhanced resistance against SSCS-induced lung injury and lipid peroxidation may be primarily due to the antioxidant property of Pycnogeno $l^{ⓡ}$ in supplemented mice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.67-75
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• 2013

This study is flow analysis on the smoke collector in smoking room. The smoke collector for improving impure air at smoking area is analyzed and the inner flow filed in smoke collector is confirmed on the study result. The velocity with pressure distribution according to suction flow rate at filter entrance is also compared. Pressure characteristic and pressure resistance coefficient are analyzed according to flow analysis result for each other filter. The pressure drop of about 15 Pa occurs at the normal driving mode to strainer inlet from HEPA filter outlet. On the other hand, the pressure drop about 44% increases at turbo mode.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 2017

In this study, a non-halogen type organic-inorganic hybrid flame retardant sol, which can impart flame resistance to synthesize silicate of inorganic material and silane coupling agent of organic material by a sol-gel method, were newly manufactured. The addition of flame retardant will prevent loss of life in a fire because smoke from the flammability of interior finishing materials used as the construction materials poses a major danger. The smoke density measurement standard based on flame retardant performance standards, experiments were conducted according to the test equipment and procedures of ASTM E 662. The non-flaming mode experiment and the flaming mode experiment were conducted to confirm the performance of the manufactured flame retardant sol. As a result, the manufactured flame retardant sol improved the physical properties and heat resistance of existing flame retardants, and decreased the smoke production of the fire. Therefore, it may be possible to reduce the damage caused by smoke and expand the applications to various interior finishing materials.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2008

Smoke propagation for the Daegu Metro fire is reproduced by a reduced-scale model experiment. The three-story station building was modeled with 1/20-scale, and the tunnel connected to the platform was not completely modeled because of its length. To include the flow resistance the tunnel provides the mesh screens were used in the model. The fire scenario was selected based on the fire growth rate of the metro car seat where the fire initiated. The time when smoke arrived at each compartment in the station building was measured by thermocouples and visualization. Regarding fire ventilation, the air supply that has been accepted as conventional design in a subway metro building intensifies smoke spread. The results show that the whole building was filled with smoke in about 10 minutes in case of no ventilation.