• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.153-164
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• 2019

Since the appearance of smartphones, the smartphone market has been in fierce completion by new technologies and marketing trends. The smartphone market is now somewhat saturated, and the manufacturers are trying to improve their position in the market through the repurchase of existing customers and the influx of competitors. At the same time, customers have their own purchasing criteria for smartphones. Therefore, manufacturers need to determine new technology and marketing trends based on customer purchasing trends and usage characteristics. The aim of this study is to analyze the quality attributes of smartphones. We conducted a survey on 220 respondents, and divided the respondents into several groups by purchasing trends and usage characteristic through cluster analysis. The groups are analyzed and compared based on the Kano model for the quality attributes of smartphone. The analysis result are as follows. Firstly, purchasing trends divide responders into groups that prefers high-end premium smartphones and those that take into account practicality in terms of purchasing trends. Secondly, usage characteristic divide responders into three groups: those with clear usage pattern, those who prefer ease of use, and the rest, and we find out that those with clear usage pattern are important customer in viral marketing. Lastly, Kano analysis is revealed the 'Slow/hi-speed camera', 'Private mode', 'Widget', 'Health care' are attractive quality attributes.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.399-412
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• 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of smartphone addiction interventions among university students. Selection criteria included university students, smartphone addiction interventions, smartphone addiction, depression, anxiety, self-control and time of smartphone usage. A total of 915 articles were retrieved. From those, 15 studies from 13 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis showed that smartphone addiction interventions undergone by university students had statistical significance in alleviating smartphone addiction (d=-1.57, 95% CI:-2.84, -0.30), depression (d=-3.73, 95% CI:-4.97, -2.48), and self-control (d=7.28, 95% CI:2.76, 11.79); but were not significantly effective in improving anxiety and reducing time of smartphone usage. The systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that smartphone addiction interventions boost the alleviation of smartphone addiction. However, it remains necessary to conduct well-designed randomized controlled trials, including the consideration of various cultural characteristics.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate neck posture, range of motion, muscle endurance and self-report of pain and disability in smartphone users. Methods: Seventy-eight university student volunteers, aged between 18 and 30 years (mean age 23.2), were assessed for: a head-neck posture by measuring cranial vertical angle, neck range of motions using cervical range of motion device, and a deep neck flexor endurance using a stabilizer. Finally, subjects were asked about their neck pain and completed disability questionnaires, ie, Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Neck Disability Index, and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Results: Thirty-eight subjects experienced recurrent neck pain with/without upper limb pain (neck pain group) and 40 reported no current neck pain with/without upper limb pain (no neck pain group). Differences were found between groups on pain and disability questionnaires. Subjects with neck pain had significantly higher disability scores than those of no neck pain group. However, there were no differences observed between groups in a head-neck posture, neck range of motions, and deep neck muscle endurance time. The smartphone usage time was negatively correlated with neck pain intensity and disability score whereas it had positive relationship with flexibility and posture. Conclusion: Group differences were observed as lower capacity not only for neck specific daily activities but for general functioning in daily routine when the neck pain and no neck pain groups were compared. Therefore, functioning in daily activities should be investigated as prevention for further developing neck pain in smartphone users.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of the smartphone overuse on health and academic impairment in adolescents. This study used data from Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey of 2017. This survey was conducted on 64,991 adolescents(middle and high school students), and 62,276 (95.8%) responded. The researchers used frequency analysis, independent t test, chi-square test and Pearson correlation analysis using SPSS 22. As a result, the usage rate of adolescents's smartphone was 54,603 out of 62,276, which was 87.7%. The purpose of smartphone usage was messenger(1st rank, 27.3%), SNS(2nd rank, 18.7%) and game(3rd rank, 13.3%). The average daily use time of the smartphone was 206.68±194.73 minutes. Girl students showed significantly more use time of smartphones than boy students(p<.001). Students with more than 206 minutes of smartphone use had worse health and academic performance than students with less than 206 minutes(p<.001). Time of smart phone usage and academic ability showed a weak correlation(p<.001, r=.245). The present findings showed that the higher the smartphone usage, the lower the health level and academic ability, and the author discussed these results.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.582-590
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• 2016

This study examined the relationships among smartphone addiction, parenting attitudes and resilience to identify the relevant factors affecting smartphone addiction. Data were collected from a total of 220 middle school students responding to questionnaires in G city and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson coefficient correlation, and multiple regression. The results showed that the parenting attitude and resilience were negatively correlated with smartphone addiction. The significant factors affecting smartphone addiction were gender, the time of smartphone usage, parenting attitudes, and resilience. These variables explained 21.9% of smartphone addiction and the highest factor was the parenting attitudes, followed by gender, time of smartphone usage, and resilience. This study indicated that it is important to develop a program to ensure adolescents positively perceive parenting attitudes and increase their resilience to decrease the incidence of smartphone addiction.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2023

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a decrease in face-to-face classes worldwide, affecting the mental health of children and their parents. The global pandemic has increased children's overall use of electronic media. This study analyzed the effect of children's screen time on problematic behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 186 parents from Suwon, South Korea, were recruited to participate in an online survey. The mean age of the children was 10.14 years old, and 44.1% were females. The questionnaire included questions on children's screen time, problematic behaviors, and parental stress. Children's behavioral problems were evaluated using the Behavior Problem Index, whereas the Parental Stress Scale was used to estimate parental stress. Results: The mean smartphone usage frequency of the children was 5.35 days per week, and the mean smartphone screen time was 3.52 hours per day. Smartphone screen time (Z=4.49, p<0.001) and usage frequency (Z=2.75, p=0.006) were significantly correlated with children's behavioral problem scores. The indirect effect of parental stress on this relationship was also statistically significant (p=0.049, p=0.045, respectively). Conclusion: This study suggests that children's smartphone screen time has affected problematic behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, parental stress is related to the relationship between children's screen time and problematic behaviors.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.197-208
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• 2018

Purpose: This study investigated the smartphone using time, troubles with smartphone usage, and related factors in Korean adolescent smartphone users. Methods: Data were obtained from 54,603 subjects aged 13 to 18 years in the 2017 13th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey Results: The study analyzed the school type, academic achievement, residence type, weekly average allowance, and usual counselor, perceived stress, happiness, and depression of the subjects showed a significant difference in the variable of troubles experienced by the smartphone user. Multiple sample logistic regression analysis showed that adolescents with low academic achievement (weekday, weekend OR = 1.78, 1.65), low economic status (weekday, weekend OR = 1.17, 1.37), friends with distress counselors (weekday, weekend OR = 1.29, 1.24), weekly average allowance (weekday, weekend OR = 1.85, 1.50), stressed (weekend OR = 1.25), depressed (weekday, weekend OR = 1.26, 1.14), family troubles (weekday, weekend OR = 1.14, 1.15), friendship troubles (weekday, weekend OR = 1.70, 1.38), and academic performance troubles (weekday, weekend OR = 1.28, 1.38) spent more than the average using time on their smartphones. Conclusion: To prevent overdependence on smartphone use among adolescents, a nursing intervention program that relieves stress and lowers depression should be developed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.6180-6189
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to clarify the factors that affects smartphone addiction of elementary school students. The subjects were 263 students, from 4 elementary schools located in G-city. Data were collected from July, 2014 and analyzed using SPSS 19.0 program. The prevalence of addiction risk group and non-addicted group were 16.0% and 84.0%, respectively. The variables which had statistically significant differences with smart phone addiction of general characteristics are grade, living together family, economic status, school record, motivation for usage, advantage of usage and using time (p<.05). There was pure correlation between the smartphone addiction and impulsivity (r=.496, p<.001), daily stress (r=.471, p<.001). However, perceived parental attitude (r=-.375, p<.001) and self-esteem (r=-.444, p<.001) were inverse correlation with smartphone addiction. Higher using time, higher impulsivity and higher daily stress were all associated with increased of smartphone addiction level. These results suggest that more attentions should be given to early adolescents and could be effectively used as fundamental data to develop intervention programs, which can prevent the smartphone addiction.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1594-1599
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• 2022

Purpose. To investigate the relationship between changes in eye temperature and eye fatigue according to smartphone usage time. Methods. 15 adults in their 20s were asked to watch a smartphone, and the ocular surface temperature was measured 5 times each using a non-contact infrared thermometer every 10 minutes, and the change was observed. Result. The ocular surface temperature was 36.40℃ at the center of the cornea before watching the smartphone, but increased by 0.19℃ to 36.59℃ after watching the smartphone (SD 36.50±0.10). In addition, in the case of the sclera, it was found that the increase was 0.1℃ from 36.48℃ before viewing to 36.58℃ after viewing (SD 36.53±0.05). Conclusion. It was found that there is a close relationship between smartphone use and changes in eye temperature. In the future, it is thought that the ocular surface temperature can be used as basic data to objectively evaluate eye fatigue.

• Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.3201-3209
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors predicting increased usage hours of smartphone among adolescents. Secondary data was analyzed to be collected from a nationally representative sample of 2017 Korean adolescents. This study sample included 54,601 students in middle or high schools of Korea. The collected data were analyzed SPSS version 23.0 program for frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and binary logistic regression analysis. In the results, the mean usage hour of smartphone among the adolescents was 28.42 (SD 23.30) per week. Analyses of the differences in usage hours of smartphone according to research variables were found that the groups of lower level of study (F=1361.067, p<.001) and sociality content type (F=761.549, p<.001) spent more time, as compared to the other groups. The logistic analysis showed the predictive factors for increased hour of using smartphone were smartphone usage for sociality (OR: 2.44, 95% CI: 2.26-2.64) and peer group counselor (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.49). Conclusionally, the findings of this study suggests that it needs to understand cause or purpose of smartphone using of adolescent and to cope and educate on the cause.