• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.169-186
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the data from public information disclosure about pre-hospital advanced airway management and identify the problem by considering domestic laws and guidelines. Methods: Data were collected between 2017 and 2018 and analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Then, the problems of the analysis results based on the relevant laws and practical guidelines were reviewed. Results: The review of domestic laws and practice guidelines revealed that ambulance nurses can implement supraglottic airway device only under the following three conditions: ① smart advanced life support pilot project area, ② trained to insert I-Gel, and ③ member of a special ambulance. In total, 21,574 cases of advanced airway management (endotracheal intubation: 2,428, I-Gel: 18,502, LMA : 499, KING AIRWAY: 144) were reported. In many cases, advanced airway management was performed by ambulance nurses who did not meet the above conditions, which was in violation of laws and guidelines. In addition, the prognosis of intubated patients was not followed up. Conclusion: The Korea National Fire Agency must stop all unlicensed medical practice by untrained, uneducated, and uncertified nurses and demand quality control programs for intubated patients.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.209-215
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• 2020

The environment of the Internet provides an efficient communication of the things which are connected. While internet and online service provide us many valuable benefits, online services offered and accessed remotely through internet also exposes us to many different types of security threats. Most security threats were just related to information leakage and the loss of authentication on client-server environment. In 2016, Ahmed et al. proposed an efficient lightweight remote user authentication protocol. However, Kang et al. show that it's scheme still unstable and inefficient. It cannot resist offline identity guessing attack and cannot provide session key confirmation property. Moreover, there is some risk of biometric information's recognition error. In this paper, we propose an improved scheme to overcome these security weaknesses by storing secret data in device. In addition, our proposed scheme should provide not only security, but also efficiency since we only use hash function and XOR operation.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 2022

In the manufacturing process of the bus treated as the commercial vehicle, after making the bare chassis which is the basic frame of the vehicle body, the part in which passengers ride is connected. In addition, the necessary parts such as the engine and transmission required for the operation of the bus are connected to the bare chassis. The element connecting the parts such as the boarding part of the passengers, the engine, the suspension and the transmission is the bracket. The device required for driving and operating the vehicle is mounted on the bare chassis using the bracket, which should ensure stability during bus operation. In this study, we were performed stress analysis to evaluate the stability of three types of brackets connecting the bare chassis of a new type of 30-seater bus in the development process and components required for driving and operation. The stress analysis should be preceded by the analysis of boundary conditions considering the loads applied to the brackets according to the material of the bracket to be analyzed and the driving type of the bus. The finite element model for structural analysis of brackets according to the driving type of the bus was used by Altair's Hypermesh 2017, and the solver used for structural analysis was Altair's Optistruct. The stress analysis was performed to present the safe and vulnerable parts of the three brackets.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.264-272
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• 2022

Human-robot cooperative tasks are increasingly required in our daily life with the development of robotics and artificial intelligence technology. Interactive reinforcement learning strategies suggest that robots learn task by receiving feedback from an experienced human trainer during a training process. However, most of the previous studies on Interactive reinforcement learning have required an extra feedback input device such as a mouse or keyboard in addition to robot itself, and the scenario where a robot can interactively learn a task with human have been also limited to virtual environment. To solve these limitations, this paper studies training strategies of robot that learn table balancing tasks interactively using deep reinforcement learning with human's facial expression feedback. In the proposed system, the robot learns a cooperative table balancing task using Deep Q-Network (DQN), which is a deep reinforcement learning technique, with human facial emotion expression feedback. As a result of the experiment, the proposed system achieved a high optimal policy convergence rate of up to 83.3% in training and successful assumption rate of up to 91.6% in testing, showing improved performance compared to the model without human facial expression feedback.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.21-22
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• 2009

유비쿼터스 사회(Ubiquitous Society)로의 진입에 발맞추어 USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network) 기반의 인간 중심적 편의 시스템에 관한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 그 중 대형 시장을 갖는 차량 편의시설에 관한 연구는 지능형 차량 시스템(Intelligent Car System)을 중심으로 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 지능형 차량 시스템의 주요 연구는 자동 항법 장치, 사고 예방 장치, 자가 진단 시스템 등 탑승자의 편의성과 안전성을 중심으로 진행되었다. 그러나 탑승자의 사고 발생 시 응급 상황 처리를 위한 지원 시스템은 미미하다. 탑승자 부상으로 사고 신고를 하지 못할 경우, 사고지점 확인, 탑승자의 위급(현재) 상황, 부상 정보와 같은 정보를 얻을 수 없어 응급 상황 대처에 신속하지 못할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 다양한 센서를 이용하여 차량의 정보를 수집하고, 사고 판단 시 차량 위치 정보, 탑승자 상황 정보를 응급 기관에 전달할 수 있는 차량용 스마트 안전장치를 설계 및 구현하였다. 테스트를 위해 Intel PXA255 MCU와 AM-3AXIS(3축 가속 센서), MDSM-1000A(지자기 센서), RX-M800S CDMA, GPS520, Alpha cam, Flex Sensor로 시스템을 제작하였으며 모의 도로 모형에서 테스트 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.832-835
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• 2011

공인인증서의 사용은 꾸준히 증가하고 있으나 증가하는 사용량에 비례하여 하드디스크에 저장된 공인인증서 해킹으로 인한 피해 사례가 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 정부는 하드디스크 내 공인인증서 저장을 금지하고 이동형 저장매체에 저장하도록 하는 방침을 내놓았다. 또한 모바일 클라우드 컴퓨팅 환경에서는 중앙의 스토리지에 데이터가 저장되기 때문에 공인인증서를 중앙 스토리지에 저장하는 것은 매우 위험한 일이다. 이러한 방침으로 인해 앞으로 USB 메모리 및 스마트폰과 같은 이동형 저장매체에 대한 중요성이 높아질 것이며, 분실 위험이 높은 USB 메모리 및 스마트폰의 특징에 따라 인증서가 저장된 저장매체 없이도 인증서를 사용할 수 있는 방안이 필요하게 될 것이다. 본 논문은 일회용 인증서에 대한 요구사항 분석 및 형식을 설계하고, PKI 인증서를 기반으로 경량화된 일회용 인증서를 발급받아 인증서를 사용할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 모바일 클라우드 컴퓨팅 환경에서 일회용 인증서를 이용한 권한 관리 기술을 제안하여 안전성과 효율성을 제공하도록 하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.579-587
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• 2023

In this study, rumen temperature and environment in estral and non-estral Korean Native breeding cattle were evaluated by using a bolus sensor. Behavioral and physiological changes in study animals were also assessed. To assess the rumen temperature and environment, we inserted bolus sensors into 12 Korean Native cattle with an average age of 35.5 months, then measured temperature and activity within the rumen using the wireless bolus sensor. Drinking, feeding and mounting behavior, and measured vaginal temperature and levels of intravaginal mucus resistance were recorded. We found that cattle in estrus exhibited more acts of mounting (37.4 vs. 0 times/day), increased vaginal temperature (39.0℃ vs. 38.4℃), and decreased vaginal mucus resistance (136.3 Ω vs 197.4 Ω), compared with non-estral animals. Furthermore, increased levels of rumen activity were most significant in estrus cattle at the highest activity levels (p < 0.01). Overall, the estrus group exhibited increased rumen temperature (p = 0.01), compared with the non-estrus group. In conclusion, the results of this study not only provide basic physiological data related to estrus in improved Korean Native breeding cattle, but also suggest that monitoring of rumen temperature and activity might be used as an effective smart device for estrus detection.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2023

The increase in the rearing intensity of pigs has caused deterioration in the pig house's internal environment such as temperature, humidity, ammonia gas, and so on. Traditionally, the widely used method to control the internal environment was through the manipulation of the ventilation system. However, the conventional ventilation system had a limitation to control the internal environment, prevent livestock disease, save energy, and reduce odor emission. To overcome this problem, the air-recirculated ventilation system was suggested. This system has a semi-closed loop ventilation type. For designing this system, it was essential to evaluate the ventilation rates considering the pressure loss of ducts. Therefore, in this study, pressure loss calculation and experiment were conducted for the quantitative ventilation design of a semi-closed loop system. The results of the experiment showed that the inlet through which external air flows should always be opened. In addition, it was also found that for the optimum design of the semi-closed loop ventilation system, it was appropriate to install a damper or a backflow prevention device rather than a ventilation fan.

• Journal of Advanced Engineering and Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.349-353
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• 2012

Recently, Mobile multimedia equipments as smart phone and tablet pc requirement is increasing and this market is also being expanded. These mobile equipments require large multi-media function, so more power consumption is required. For these reasons, the needs of power management IC as switching type dc-dc converter and linear regulator have increased. DC-DC buck converter become more important in power management IC because the operating voltage of VLSI system is very low comparing to lithium-ion battery voltage. There are many people to be concerned about digital DC-DC converter without using external passive device recently. Digital controlled DC-DC converter is essential in mobile application to various external circumstance. This paper proposes the DC-DC Buck Converter using the AVR RISC 8-bit micro-processor control. The designed converter receives the input DC 18-30 [V] and the output voltage of DC-DC Converter changes by the feedback circuit using the A/D conversion function. Duty ratio is adjusted to maintain a constant output voltage 12 [V]. Proposed converter using the micro-processor control was compared to a typical boost converter. As a result, the current loss in the proposed converter was reduced about 10.7%. Input voltage and output voltage can be displayed on the LCD display to see the status of the operation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.43-53
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• 2018

Recently, public service for the improvement of quality of life and life support such as safety, aging, disaster, welfare, housing, economy, urban environment, traffic etc are actively developed based on open public data, and the spread of the network and the necessity of everyday life, smartphones are playing a role in providing public services. Currently, the development of science is changing the life expectancy of human beings and changing into social structure in which aged people become bigger due to various social conditions and low fertility and aging problems. However, the elderly who do not have easy access to information are very uncomfortable in dealing with mobile devices with very low accessibility and utilization of public services provided by mobile phones. Therefore, this study recategorizes the condition of the elderly presented in the previous study and identifies the problem through case analysis provided for the elderly. Also, we summarize the hierarchy of the core items of the existing interface design and derive it as an improvement index of the public service design for the improvement of the information accessibility of the elderly, and propose a design method to improve the utilization of the public service provided through the mobile device.