• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.222-228
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• 2013

Although the role of ${\alpha}$-synuclein aggregation on Parkinson's disease is relatively well known, the physiological role and the regulatory mechanism governing the expression of ${\alpha}$-synuclein are unclear yet. We recently reported that ${\alpha}$-synuclein is expressed and secreted from cultured astrocytes. In this study, we investigated the effect of valproic acid (VPA), which has been suggested to provide neuroprotection by increasing ${\alpha}$-synuclein in neuron, on ${\alpha}$-synuclein expression in rat primary astrocytes. VPA concentration-dependently increased the protein expression level of ${\alpha}$-synuclein in cultured rat primary astrocytes with concomitant increase in mRNA expression level. Likewise, the level of secreted ${\alpha}$-synuclein was also increased by VPA. VPA increased the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and JNK and pretreatment of a JNK inhibitor SP600125 prevented the VPA-induced increase in ${\alpha}$-synuclein. Whether the increased ${\alpha}$-synuclein in astrocytes is involved in the reported neuroprotective effects of VPA awaits further investigation.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.246-257
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to develop and apply three types SMART instructional modules about the mineral resources and investigate its effect. One hundred students in the experimental group and 111 students in the control group from 6 classes in the $1^{st}$ year of a girl's high school participated in this study. One unit of tablet PC was provided to every two students in the experimental group and three types of SMART classes were implemented in class. Teacher-centered traditional classes were carried out for the control group. The instrument designed to assess the level of students' interest in mineral resources consisted of 10 items using 5-point Likert scale. To investigate the level of students' understanding, 15 items were developed on the mineral, mineral deposits, and the development of mineral resources. In addition, the participants were asked to describe advantages and disadvantages of the classes using the SMART modules. Results are as follows. First, participants in the experimental group showed a significantly higher level of interest on the mineral and the mineral learning than those in the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the desire to observe minerals and rocks. Second, students in the experimental group showed a higher level of understanding than the control group. The students with higher learning ability showed a significantly higher level of understanding than the lower group students. Third, the participants pointed out that the advantage of the SMART instructional modules was their experience in searching the relevant information and producing diverse outputs about mineral resource. On the contrary, the difficulties in coordinating opinions and decision making due to the excessive quantity of information were perceived as the disadvantage.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.3958-3971
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• 2016

With Internet of Things (IoT) technology, home environment becomes smarter than ever. Not only smart devices such as smart phone or smart TV, but also various IoT devices including sensor, smart thermostat, and smart scale has now become very common on the market. These devices have connectivity to the Internet, so that user can read data from the device or control the device using Internet technology. However, due to diversity of smart home requirements, device collaboration in smart home remains a challenging task still. Usually smart home is built with various technologies to fulfill its own purpose, and these purposes cover very wide area from controlling low-power sensor devices to controlling high-performance devices like smart TV and smart phone. This variety of smart home requirements makes smart home very complicated due to mixed network architecture, protocol and technology. In this paper, a framework to enable managing and collaborating heterogeneous IoT devices in smart home environment is proposed. Several programming models are defined in the proposed framework to make application development for heterogeneous devices more intuitive. The proposed framework has been implemented as a web service, and a case study with real-world smart home IoT devices is presented.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 2014

In this study, the evaluation criteria of performance and applicability is developed to rank the combinatorial technologies for SWG (Smart Water Grid) system using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. Security, safety, solution, suitability and sustainability which are goals of SWG technology, are used as upper level hierarchy elements. And three detailed elements for each upper level hierarchy are adopted as the lower level hierarchy. The weighted value which represents the importance of each element, could be determined through questionnaires accomplished by groups of specialists who are engaged in relevant waster industry and research area. To assess the accuracy of the evaluation criteria developed in this study, a simulation on four decision alternatives for smart water grid was carried out as an evaluation. Consequently which showed 90 % of accuracy.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.83-113
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• 2018

The purpose of this study to empirically examine a smart work investment and job performance by change resistance. Firstly, There investigates mediating role of the communication between the smart work investment and the job performance. Secondly, It will identify the job productivity differences through a level of organizational change resistance that reduced smart work investment. The smart work is to provide the flexibility of time and location and is a working method to improve a work productivity of organization members. The introduction of smart work means the adoption of new organizational culture, institution and technology and requires a novel change of a custom and pattern on existing organization culture and institution because of transformation form of communication and collaboration. The method of this study adopts a structural equation model to test a mediating effect of communication and a moderating effect of change resistance level. This model confirms whether smart work investments provide a positive impact on communication and organizational productivity. In addition, I will classify a change resistance level of smart work by cluster analysis and then check a critical path difference of job productivity between each group. As a result, The organizational IT, institution and culture on the smart work investment appeared to important influencers in communication and also had a direct influence of individual performance. Also, The three independent variables of smart work investment have an indirect influence of individual and organizational performance through communication mediating variables. However, the organizational IT and institution as independent variables do not provide direct influence of organization performance. Nevertheless, two independent variables of organizational IT and institution have an indirect influence the organization performance through communication mediating variables. As a result of confirming a productivity of three groups on organization resistance, there was a difference the individual and organizational performance among groups. The low-level group of organizational resistance showed high coefficient value of performance compared to other groups. The group analysis implications, The smart work investment appeared significantly to revise the institution first, build culture secondly and advanced technology lastly. The theoretical implication from this study contributes an extension of social science theory through socio-technical systems, institution, culture, change resistance and job performance based on smart work. The practical implications explain the smart work success in step-by-step investment rather than radical investment as level management of change resistance. In future research, the smart work performance between private and public firms will analyze a difference of the organizational culture, institution, technology and performance.

• 시스템엔지니어링워크숍
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• s.4
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• pp.108-112
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• 2004

The Smart UAV Program was motivated by a huge potential market, a various application and future core technologies. The Smart UAV system is defined as the advanced air vehicle with the smart technology such as collision awareness and avoidance, healthy monitering and self-recovering, intelligent active control. Due to the broad interest by government, industry and academia, Smart UAV development center and government steering committee were established. The organization of Smart UAV program consists of domestic/international companies and academia. in this paper, the process and application of system engineering was introduced for Smart UAV development program.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2781-2798
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• 2019

Thanks to internet, as one of indispensable parts of our lives, many devices that we use in our daily lives like TV, air conditioner, refrigerator, washing machine, can be monitored and controlled remotely by becoming more intelligent via Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Smart Home applications as one of the elements of smart cities, are individually the most demanded application without question. In this study, Smart Energy Management (SEM) system, based on NodeMCU and Android, has been designed for SEM, which is a part of the smart home application. With this system, household energy consumption can be monitored in real time, as well as having the ability to record the data comprising of operation times and energy consumption information for each device. Additionally, it is ensured to meet the energy needs on a maximized level possible, during the hours when the energy costs are lower owing to the SEM system. The Android interface provides the users with the opportunity to monitor and change their electricity consumption habits in order to optimize the energy efficiency, along with the opportunity to draw up of a daily and weekly schedule.

• Journal of Smart Tourism
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-18
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• 2024

This study examines Natal in Brazil as a Smart Tourism Destination (STD) based on the perception of public and private managers who are members of the City Tourism Council. The research utilizes a systemic perspective of STD proposed by Ivars-Baidal et al. (2016), consisting of three interconnected levels: Strategic-Relational, Instrumental, and Applied. The findings reveal that Natal faces challenges in terms of infrastructure, accessibility, security, connectivity, and sensoring, which hinder its progress as STD. The study also identifies opportunities in the form of governance structures with smart destinations and the inclusion of smartness guidelines in the City Master Plan. The research aims to contribute to the theoretical understanding of STD and its application in destination development. It highlights the need for innovative planning and management in Natal, emphasizing that adopting the STD from a systemic perspective can enhance competitiveness and elevate the level of smartness in the destination.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.197-198
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• 2019

Competition between global ports is intensifying as the number of calling ports has decreased due to the growth of ship size and the implementation of global environmental regulations has begun. Global ports are pushing for a strategic and concrete transition to smart ports in order to secure port competitiveness in the future. In Korea, however, the government plans and projects for promoting smart ports have yet to materialize, and related papers and research are lacking. In this paper, the concept of smart port was established, and the current status of technology and introduction of smart ports was analyzed. In addition, the concept of Smart Port Index(SPI) was presented in order to objectively and quantitatively compare the level of smartness. As a result,

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.107-115
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• 2017

Recently, much attention in building smart factory have been dramatically increased. Despite the growing interest in smart factory, few guidelines exist how to successfully build smart factory. The purpose of this study is to investigate successful cases in building smart factory in Korea. Drawing on the analysis of successful cases, we suggest the valuable guidelines and directions toward success of smart factory. As a result, in the case of large-size firms, it is an effective strategy that expanding from a model factory to whole factory for successful smart factory building. In addition, in the case of medium and small-size firms, it is an effective strategy that upgrading from low-level step to high-level step for successful smart factory building. Therefore, this study provides companies and government with specific and practical success strategies as well as industrial policy improvements.