• 한국소프트웨어감정평가학회 논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2019

존 스마트그리드 기기 인증 체계는 DCU와 검침 FEP 및 MDMS에 집중되어 있으며 스마트미터에 대한 인증체계는 확립되지 않은 상황이다. 현재 몇몇 암호칩이 개발되었지만, 낮은 강도의 단순 암호화 수준에 머물러 있어 PKI 인증체계를 완성하기에는 어려움이 있다. 스마트그리드는 기존 전력망과 달리 개방형 양방향 통신을 기반으로 함에 따라 정보보안 취약성이 높아지면서 사고 위험 증가하고 있다. 하지만 스마트미터에는 PKI가 적용되기 어려워, 조작한 패킷을 보내 운영시스템에 거짓 정보 전송으로 시스템 정지 등의 사고가 발생할 가능성 존재한다. 하드웨어 제약사항이 많은 스마트미터에 기존 PKI 인증서를 발급할 경우 인증 및 인증서 갱신이 어렵기 때문에 스마트미터의 열악한 성능(Non-IP 네트워크, 프로세서, 메모리 및 저장소 공간 등)에서도 작동 가능한 초경량 암호 인증 프로토콜을 설계 구현하였다. 실험 결과 Cortex-M3 환경에서도 경량 암호 인증 프로토콜을 빠른 시간 내에 수행 할 수 있었으며, 앞으로 스마트그리드 산업에서의 더 안전한 보안성을 갖춘 인증 시스템을 마련하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.613-620
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• 2017

The power grid has been changed to a smart grid system to satisfy the growing need for power grid complexity, demand, reliability, security, and efficiency with a combination of existing power and ICT technology. This study analyzes the research trends in smart grid technology in the period since the introduction of the smart grid system and compares it with industrial trends to grasp the progress and characteristics of Smart Grid technology and look for ways to innovate the technology. To do this, we analyze the research trends using dynamic topic modeling, which is capable of time-series research topic analysis. Next, we compare the results of research trends with industrial trends analyzed by Gartner's experts to demonstrate that smart grid research is evolving to the level of industrialization. The results of this study are quantitative analysis through data mining, and it is expected that it will be used in many fields such as companies that want to participate in industry and government agencies that need to establish policies by showing more objective analysis results.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1711-1717
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• 2014

스마트그리드 HAN(Home Area Networks)을 위한 IEEE 802.15.4에 대한 많은 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 기존의 Unslotted와 Slotted IEEE 802.15.4는 미국 DOE(Department of Energy)의 엄격한 조건을 거의 만족시키지 못하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 충돌과 지연시간을 줄이고 지연시간 변화도 적게 하는 개선된 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 이를 위해 노드에 번호를 부여하고, 노드 번호 순서에 따라 전송하도록 하였다. 노드에 번호를 부여하면 랜덤하게 전송하는 것보다는 충돌이 발생할 확률이 줄어들기 때문에 Backoff 시간을 0으로 설정하였다. 제안한 Numbered-Unslotted-ZeroBackoff 알고리즘에서, 패킷 크기가 133 octets이고, 초당 180개 이하의 패킷이 발생할 경우, 전달률 99.99% 이상과, 최대 지연, 평균 지연, 최소 지연 모두 0.02 초 이하의 지연이 발생함을 확인하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방식이 DOE의 엄격한 조건을 만족함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.685-692
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• 2019

스마트그리드는 기존의 단방향 전력 전송에서 나아가 양방향 정보 교환이 이루어지는 시스템으로 전력의 이동 및 소요량에 대한 실시간 파악이 가능하다. 전력 생산자는 전력 소모량 집계 결과로부터 향후 전력 생산량 예측이 용이하며, 사용자 또한 다수 전력원으로부터의 단위 사용 비용을 고려한 선택적 전력 사용 및 전력 절약 계획 수립이 용이해져 자원의 효율적 생산 및 사용을 가능하게 한다. 반면 자원의 사용 및 이동에 대한 실시간 정보 수집은 개인의 프라이버시를 침해할 수 있는 위험성을 내포하고 있다. 이러한 스마트그리드에서의 전력량 집계 과정에서 프라이버시 침해를 방지하기 위하여, 본 논문에서는 동형 암호화 기법을 활용함으로써 단순 합계를 포함한 복합 연산을 허용하는 유연하면서도 효율적인 전력량 집계 및 분석 기법을 제시한다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2011년도 제42회 하계학술대회
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• pp.743-744
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• 2011

Currently, the major issue in power system is construction of smart grid. Unlike conventional electricity grids, smart grid allows two-way communication between electricity suppliers and consumers, as well as enabling more dispersed generation and storage of power. The AMI(advanced metering infrastructure) system is the core technology of smart grid and this paper deals with the design methodology of AMI System using PLC(power line communication) networks.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1053_1054
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• 2009

A significant number of renewable energy systems have been connected to the grids as supplement power source. The renewable energy systems require control algorithm to maintain the power-supply reliability and quality. This paper proposes a novel control algorithm for smart Power Conditioning System (PCS) with harmonics and reactive power compensation. The smart PCS is used to feed Photovoltaic (PV) power to utility and compensate harmonics and reactive power at the same time. The experimentation is carried out on the proposed grid-connected PV generation system, and controlled by digital signal processor. The grid-connected PV generation system injects PV energy into the grid and performs as Active Filter (AF) and Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) without additional devices. The experiment results show that the proposed control algorithm is effective for smart PCS with harmonics and reactive power compensation.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.975-990
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• 2020

Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) network, is increasingly becoming a ubiquitous connectivity between different advanced applications such as smart cities, smart homes, smart grids, and many others. The emerging network of smart devices and objects enables people to make smart decisions through machine to machine (M2M) communication. Most real-world security and IoT-related challenges are vulnerable to various attacks that pose numerous security and privacy challenges. Therefore, IoT offers efficient and effective solutions. intrusion detection system (IDS) is a solution to address security and privacy challenges with detecting different IoT attacks. To develop an attack detection and a stable network, this paper's main objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of existing intrusion detections system for IoT environment, cyber-security threats challenges, and transparent problems and concerns are analyzed and discussed. In this paper, we propose software-defined IDS based distributed cloud architecture, that provides a secure IoT environment. Experimental evaluation of proposed architecture shows that it has better detection and accuracy than traditional methods.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.34-49
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• 2012

Recently, the smart grid (SG) has been introduced to solve the serious network issues caused by the increasing electrical demand and the complex nonlinear nature of the electric power distribution network. The SG, regarded as the next generation power grid, can transmit power in more efficient ways by building an automatic and distributed energy delivery network. In this paper, we first assess how various existing networking technologies, such as IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) and IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee), meet the requirements of the SG communication protocols. Specifically, we classify the existing network protocols into three categories: WSN-based networking, WiFi-based networking, and wireline-based networking. We then survey the security issues regarding the SG. Finally, we propose an agile SG networking architecture and show the effectiveness of different adopted networking technologies and, as a result, present a candidate solution to implement agile networking in SGs.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2014

The Smart grid refers to the technology that enables efficient usage of electric power by collecting information concerning the power usage and power lines grafting information and communications technology to onto power grids. There are Zigbee, PLC or IEEE 802.11 WLAN MAC as a core technology of the Smart grid, but in this paper, the discussion is focused on the PLC. The PLC is the technology that carries out data communications using power lines and put into practical use in the field of lights or home appliances control recently but PLC-applied communications between electronic devices are rarely seen. For the reason that the PLC uses high-voltage power lines and has a disadvantage of experiencing higher data loss rate caused by the noises produced by going through transformers, the technology is yet to be used in many areas. Nevertheless, the PLC has been studied widely recently in respect that it's the low-cost communication solution for the Smart Metering [1]. Moreover, this technology is emerging as a novel data communication method and discussed as an important technology lately due to the developments of the Smart grid systems and Internet of things (IoT). Thus, in this paper, the results obtained from designing and performing implementation scenario for the PLC-based Smart grid home network system were compared and analyzed with that of IEEE 802.11 WLAN MAC (the foundation technology at Jeju Smart grid Test bed)-based Smart grid home network. Thus, in this paper, OPNET 14.5 PL8, OSI 7 layer, PLC router nodes and PLC nodes had been used for the designing and implementation simulations of both systems. Additionally, QoS was not considered in order to guarantee that all the traffics would not have the same processing priority.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1510-1532
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• 2017

In smart grid, privacy implications to individuals and their families are an important issue because of the fine-grained usage data collection. Wireless communications are utilized by many utility companies to obtain information. Network coding is exploited in smart grids, to enhance network performance in terms of throughput, delay, robustness, and energy consumption. However, random linear network coding introduces a new challenge for privacy preserving due to the encoding of data and updating of coefficients in forwarder nodes. We propose a distributed privacy preserving scheme for random linear network coding in smart grid that considers the converged flows character of the smart grid and exploits a homomorphic encryption function to decrease the complexities in the forwarder node. It offers a data confidentiality privacy preserving feature, which can efficiently thwart traffic analysis. The data of the packet is encrypted and the tag of the packet is encrypted by a homomorphic encryption function. The forwarder node random linearly codes the encrypted data and directly processes the cryptotext tags based on the homomorphism feature. Extensive security analysis and performance evaluations demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed scheme.