• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.681-690
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• 2018

This paper highlights results of some experimental work that deals with strengthening of bolted shear joints in thin-walled ferrocement structure where steel wires, bent into U-shape are considered as simple inserts around the bolt hole. The parameters investigated include the number of layers of wire mesh, edge distance of bolt hole, size and location of the inserts. Test results have shown that for small edge distance, failure occurred either in cleavage or shearing mode, and the strength of the joint increased with an increase in the edge distance. This continued up to an upper limit set by either tension or bearing failure. The experimental study further revealed that for a given edge distance the strength of a joint can significantly be enhanced by using U-inserts. The equations developed for predicting joint strength in ferrocement composites can also be modified to include the effects of the inserts with a good level of accuracy.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2014

Due to the advantageous mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced polymeric plastics(FRP), their application in the construction industries is ever increasing trend, as a substitute of structural steel which is highly vulnerable under hazardous environmental conditions (i.e., corrosion, humidity, etc.). In this study, hybrid FRP-concrete composite pile (HCFFT) connection is suggested. The HCFFT is consisted of pultruded FRP unit module, filament wound FRP which is in the outside of mandrel composed of circular shaped assembly of pultruded FRP unit modules, and concrete which is casted inside of the circular tube shaped hybrid FRP pile. Therefore, pultruded FRP can increase the flexural load carrying capacity, filament wound FRP and concrete filled inside can increase axial load carrying capacity. In the study, connection capacity of HCFFT(small and mid size) is investigated throughout experiments and finite element method. From the results of experiments, we suggested the connection methods about HCFFT pile connection.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.587-606
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• 2013

The given paper presents a new approach in design of seismic isolation systems of base isolated buildings. The idea is to install not one big size rubber bearing under the columns and/or shear walls, or one by one with certain spacing under the load-bearing walls, but to install a group/cluster of small size bearings, in order to increase the overall effectiveness of the isolation system. The advantages of this approach are listed and illustrated by the examples. Also the results of analyses of some buildings where the approach on installation of clusters of rubber bearings was used in their isolation systems are given for two cases: i) when the analyses are carried out based on the provisions of the Armenian Seismic Code, and ii) when the time history analyses are carried out. Obtained results are compared and discussed. Paper also presents, as an example, detailed analysis and design of the 18-story unique building in one of the residential complexes in Yerevan. Earthquake response analyses of this building were carried out in two versions, i.e. when the building is base isolated and when it is fixed base. Several time histories were used in the analyses. Comparison of the obtained results indicates the high effectiveness of the proposed structural concepts of isolation systems and the need for further improvement of the Seismic Code provisions regarding the values of the reduction factors. A separate section in the paper dedicated to the design of high damping laminated rubber-steel bearings and to results of their tests.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.215-235
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• 2020

Cracks and defects may occur anywhere in a plate under tension. Cracks can affect the buckling stability performance and even the failure mode of the plate. A search of the literature reveals that the reported research has mostly focused on the study of plates with central and small cracks. Considering the effectiveness of cracks on the buckling behavior of plates, this study intends to investigate the effects of some key parameters, i.e., crack size and location as well as the plate aspect ratio and support conditions, on the buckling behavior, stress intensity factor (SIF), and the failure mode (buckling or fracture) in cracked plates under tension. To this end, a sophisticated mathematical code was developed using MATLAB in the frame-work of extended finite element method (XFEM) in order to analyze the buckling stability and collapse of numerous plate models. The results and findings of this research endeavor show that, in addition to the plate aspect ratio and support conditions, careful consideration of the crack location and size can be quite effective in buckling behavior assessment and failure mode prediction as well as SIF evaluation of the cracked plates subjected to tensile loading.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2022

Crack detection plays an important role in the maintenance and protection of steel box girder of bridges. However, since the cracks only occupy an extremely small region of the high-resolution images captured from actual conditions, the existing methods cannot deal with this kind of image effectively. To solve this problem, this paper proposed a novel three-stage method based on deep learning technology and morphology operations. The training set and test set used in this paper are composed of 360 images (4928 × 3264 pixels) in steel girder box. The first stage of the proposed model converted high-resolution images into sub-images by using patch-based method and located the region of cracks by CBAM ResNet-50 model. The Recall reaches 0.95 on the test set. The second stage of our method uses the Attention U-Net model to get the accurate geometric edges of cracks based on results in the first stage. The IoU of the segmentation model implemented in this stage attains 0.48. In the third stage of the model, we remove the wrong-predicted isolated points in the predicted results through dilate operation and outlier elimination algorithm. The IoU of test set ascends to 0.70 after this stage. Ablation experiments are conducted to optimize the parameters and further promote the accuracy of the proposed method. The result shows that: (1) the best patch size of sub-images is 1024 × 1024. (2) the CBAM ResNet-50 and the Attention U-Net achieved the best results in the first and the second stage, respectively. (3) Pre-training the model of the first two stages can improve the IoU by 2.9%. In general, our method is of great significance for crack detection.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.469-475
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• 2008

콘크리트에 존재하는 균열은 염소이온의 빠른 침투를 유도하여 콘크리트의 내구성을 크게 감소시키는 주요 요인임은 분명한 사실이다. 저자는 지난 연구에서 표면에서부터, 임계균열폭에 대응한 균열길이가 내구성 설계에 중요함을 제안하였다. 현 시점에서 균열에 영향을 미치는 다양한 콘크리트의 배합특성이 균열부를 통한 염소이온의 침투에 미치는 영향을 다룬 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 콘크리트의 굵은골재 최대치수, 콘크리트의 고강도화, 강섬유 보강 등의 다양한 배합특성이 균열을 통한 염소이온의 침투에 미치는 영향을 고찰하는 것이다. 연구 결과에 의하면, 굵은골재 최대치수가 작은 골재를 함유한 콘크리트는 많은 미세균열이 발생하지만, 염소이온 침투에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 굵은골재 최대치수가 상대적으로 큰 콘크리트의 경우, 골재 표면을 통해 균열이 발전하여 서로 연결되기 쉽고 이는 빠른 염소이온 침투를 유도하는 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 고강도콘크리트는 균열이 없는 조건에서는 염소이온의 침투에 대한 저항성이 대단히 우수하였으나, 균열이 존재하면 보통콘크리트와 거의 유사한 수준으로 염소이온이 침투되므로 균열의 발생시, 내구성능이 매우 취약해짐을 알 수 있었다. 강섬유의 보강은 인장 응력 발생시 균열의 진전을 효과적으로 제어하여 균열길이가 감소하는 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.361-374
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• 2017

In this study, the influences of triaxial magnetic field on the wave propagation behavior of anisotropic nanoplates are studied. In order to include small scale effects, nonlocal strain gradient theory has been implemented. To study the nanoplate as a continuum model, the three-dimensional elasticity theory is adopted in Cartesian coordinate. In our study, all the elastic constants are considered and assumed to be the functions of (x, y, z), so all kind of anisotropic structures such as hexagonal and trigonal materials can be modeled, too. Moreover, all types of functionally graded structures can be investigated. eigenvalue method is employed and analytical solutions for the wave propagation are obtained. To justify our methodology, our results for the wave propagation of isotropic nanoplates are compared with the results available in the literature and great agreement is achieved. Five different types of anisotropic structures are investigated in present paper and then the influences of wave number, material properties, nonlocal and gradient parameter and uniaxial, biaxial and triaxial magnetic field on the wave propagation analysis of anisotropic nanoplates are presented. From the best knowledge of authors, it is the first time that three-dimensional elasticity theory and nonlocal strain gradient theory are used together with no approximation to derive the governing equations. Moreover, up to now, the effects of triaxial magnetic field have not been studied with considering size effects in nanoplates. According to the lack of any common approximations in the displacement field or in elastic constant, present theory has the potential to be used as a bench mark for future works.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.337-349
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• 2000

유전자 알고리즘(GA)은 어떠한 유형의 문제에도 적용가능하며 달리 방법이 없는 경우 최후의 수단으로 흔히 사용되는 방법이다. 강구조물 설계란 기본적으로 구조물을 이루는 부재로서 어떤 재료를 선택될 것인지를 결정하는 문제이다. 따라서 천문학적인 숫자의 설계가 존재하며 이들 중 최적의 설계를 탐색하는 것은 대체로 불가능한 일이다. 본 논문에서는 GA와 이와 관련된 여러 가지 기법들을 소개하고 강구조물 최적설계에 이들의 활용을 모색하였다. 작은 설계공간을 가지는 문제에서는 GA로 전역최적설계를 찾을 수 있었다. GA는 또한 연속변수 최적설계 문제에서도 최적설계를 찾았으며 구조물 최적설계에 적용될 수 있음을 보였다. 그러나 규모가 큰 현실문제에서는 GA가 최적 또는 최적에 근접한 설계를 항상 찾을 수 있을 것이라고 기대하기는 어려울 것으로 생각된다. GA에 G bit improvement를 추가하여 수행한 경우에 더 좋은 최적설계 결과를 보여주었으며 앞으로 이 부분의 연구가 활발해 질 것이다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2016

상 하부 스플릿 티 접합부는 보-기둥 모멘트 접합부의 한 형태로 T-stub 플랜지의 두께, 고장력볼트의 게이지 거리, 고장력볼트의 개수, 고장력볼트의 직경 등의 변화에 따라서 상이한 거동특성을 나타낸다. 상 하부 스플릿 티 접합부는 일반적으로 상 하부에 체결된 T-stub이 휨모멘트를 지지하고 전단탭이 전단력을 지지하는 것으로 이상화하여 설계되고 있다. 그러나 중 저층 강구조물에 상 하부 스플릿 티 접합부가 적용되면 보 부재의 규격이 작아지므로 보 웨브에 전단탭을 설치할 수 없는 경우가 발생할 수 있다. 이 연구는 이와 같이 보 웨브에 전단탭 설치가 어려운 기하학적 형상을 갖는 상 하부 스플릿 티 접합부가 충분한 전단력 지지능력을 발현하도록 하는 접합부상세를 제안하기 위하여 진행하였다. 이를 위하여 상 하부 스플릿 티 접합부에 대한 실험체를 제작하여 실물대 실험을 수행하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.657-670
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• 2020

In this paper, vibration analysis of functionally graded nanoshell is studied based on the sinusoidal higher-order shear and normal deformation theory to account thickness stretching effect. To account size-dependency, Eringen nonlocal elasticity theory is used. For more accurate modeling the problem and corresponding numerical results, sinusoidal higher-order shear and normal deformation theory including out of plane normal strain is employed in this paper. The radial displacement is decomposed into three terms to show variation along the thickness direction. Governing differential equations of motion are derived using Hamilton's principle. It is assumed that the cylindrical shell is made of an arbitrary composition of metal and ceramic in which the local material properties are measured based on power law distribution. To justify trueness and necessity of this work, a comprehensive comparison with some lower order and lower dimension works and also some 3D works is presented. After presentation of comparative study, full numerical results are presented in terms of significant parameters of the problem such as small scale parameter, length to radius ratio, thickness to radius ratio, and number of modes.