• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2011

A preliminary study for energy efficient soil heating and contaminant removal using microwave was conducted. Soils sampled from floodplain were heated with microwave oven, and soil heating property and energy efficiency were compared to those heated with electrical furnace. In addition the effects of water, soil organic matter, and contaminated diesel on soil heating with microwave were investigated. Even though the electrical power consumption of electrical furnace and microwave oven were similar, temperature of soil heated with microwave oven was significantly higher than that of soil heated with electrical furnace. The increase of soil moisture content delays the raise of soil temperature during heating it with microwave oven. However, the effects of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) (<10%) in contaminated soil matrix and small amount of soil organic matter (<5%) on the increase of soil temperature by microwave were not significant. Further studies for contaminated soils with different texture using pilot scale microwave reactor are required for application of this technique in the field.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.499-504
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• 2001

A validation of a 3D CFD model for predicting local subcooling of moderator in the vicinity of calandria tubes in a CANDU reactor is performed. The small scale moderator experiments performed at Sheridan Park Experimental Laboratory(SPEL) in Ontario, Canada[1] is used for the validation. Also a comparison is made between previous CFD analyses based on 2DMOTH and PHOENICS, and the current model analysis for the same SPEL experiment. For the current model, a set of grid structures for the same geometry as the experimental test section is generated and the momentum, heat and continuity equations are solved by CFX-4.3, a CFD code developed by AEA technology. The matrix of calandria tubes is simplified by the porous media approach. The standard $k-\varepsilon$ turbulence model associated with logarithmic wall treatment and SIMPLEC algorithm on the body fitted grid are used and buoyancy effects are accounted for by the Boussinesq approximation. For the test conditions simulated in this study, the flow pattern identified is a buoyancy-dominated flow, which is generated by the interaction between the dominant buoyancy force by heating and inertial momentum forces by the inlet jets. As a result, the current CFD moderator analysis model predicts the moderator temperature reasonably, and the maximum error against the experimental data is kept at less than $2.0^{\circ}C$ over the whole domain. The simulated velocity field matches with the visualization of SPEL experiments quite well.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.419-429
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• 2020

To investigate the effect of spatial variability on hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils, a numerical model is set up which can simulate seepage process in an unsaturated heterogeneous soil. The unsaturated heterogeneous soil is composed of matrix sand embedded with a small proportion of clay for simulating the heterogeneity. Soil-water characteristic curve and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curve of the unsaturated soil are expressed by Van Genuchten model. Hydraulic parameters of the matrix sand are considered as random fields. Different autocorrelation lengths (ACLs) of hydraulic parameter of the matrix sand and different proportions of clay are assumed to investigate the influence of spatial variability on the equivalent hydraulic properties of the heterogeneous soil. Four model sizes are used in the numerical experiments to investigate the influence of scale effects and to determine the sizes of representative volume element (RVE) in the numerical simulations. Through a number of Monte Carlo simulations of unsaturated seepage analysis, the means and the coefficients of variations (COVs) of the equivalent hydraulic parameters of the heterogeneous soil are calculated. Simulations show that the ACL and model size has little influence on the means of the equivalent hydraulic parameters, but they have a large influence on the COVs of the equivalent hydraulic parameters. The size of an RVE is mainly affected by the ACL and the proportion of heterogeneity. The influence of spatial variability on the hydraulic parameters of the heterogeneous unsaturated soil can be used as a guidance for geotechnical reliability analysis and design related to unsaturated soils.

• 암석학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.222-232
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• 2001

이차이온질량분석기는 고속으로 가속된 일차이온을 고체 시료 표면에 충돌시켜, 이차이온을 발생시킨 후 질량분석 장치를 통해 분석하는 장치이다. 시료에 충돌하는 일차이온빔의 크기를 마이크론 단위까지 줄여 미세영역에 대한 분석이 가능하므로 이온현미분석기라고도 불린다. 이차이온질량분석기의 정밀도와 정확도는 고전적인 질량분석기에 비해 떨어진다. 하지만, 극소량의 시료로 분석이 가능하며, 화학적 전처리 과정 없이 연마편을 이용하여 매우 좁은 영역에서 동위원소의 분포를 연구할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 지구화학/우주화학 분야에서 이차이온질량분석기의 활용은 최근 급속히 증가하고 있으며, 주로 (1) 수소, 탄소, 산소, 황 등의 안정동위원소 연구, (2) 함 우라늄/토륨 광물의 절대연령측정, (3) 광물 내 미량원소의 분포 연구, (4) 선태양계 광물 발견 및 이들의 동위원소 연구 등에 사용되고 있다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.42.1-42.1
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• 2018

Deep Ecliptic Patrol of the Southern Sky (DEEP-South) observation is being made during the off-season for exoplanet survey, using Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet). An optimal combination of its prime focus optics and the 0.3 billion pixel CCD provides a four square degrees field of view with 0.4 arcsec/pixel plate scale which is also best suited for small body studies. Normal operation of KMTNet started in October 2015, and a significant portion of the allocated telescope time for DEEP-South is dedicated to targeted observation, Opposition Census (OC), of near-Earth asteroids for physical and taxonomic characterization. This is effectively achieved through multiband, time series photometry using Johnson-Cousins BVRI filters. Uninterrupted monitoring of the southern sky with KMTNet is optimized for spin characterization of a broad spectrum of asteroids ranging from the near-Earth space to the main-belt, including binaries, asteroids with satellites, slow/fast- and non-principal axis-rotators, and thus is expected to facilitate the debiasing of previously reported lightcurve observations. Our software subsystem consists of an automated observation scheduler, a pipelined data processing system for differential photometry, and an easy-to-use lightcurve analysis toolkit. Lightcurves, spin periods and provisional determination of class of asteroids to which the lightcurve belongs will be presented, using the dataset from first year operation of KMTNet. Our new taxonomic classification scheme for asteroids will also be summarized.

• ALGAE
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2002

Three dominant rocky intertidal macroalgae, the fucoids Fucus gardneri and Pelvetiopsis limitata (Phaeophyta) and the red alga Mazzaella cornucopiae (= Iridaea cornucopiae) on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada were used in a series of field experiments to examine interspecific interactions. These experiments showed complex patterns which included an interchange of negative (inhibition) and positive (facilitation) interactions depending on neighbor distance. Less fucoid recruitment occurred in the plots with greater percent cover of a turfforming red alga, M. cornucopiae. However, experimentally removing Mazzaella turf (the turf was considered to be "blocking" fucoid recruits or "shading" growing recruits) did not increase recruitment. This result indicated that there may be another factor(s) involved in the survivorship of juvenile fucoids in the turf-removed plots. Morphological differences in adult plants between Mazzaella and the two fucoids resulted in another type of interaction; these began when fucoids successfully settled and grew nearby or within the red algal turf. By monitoring microhabitat at the individual plant level for two years, I found that survivorship of fucoid recruits showed different species-specific patterns. The patterns also varied as the microhabitat changed from Mazzaella turf edge to open space. For F. gardneri, longevity of P.limitata at all distances tested was similar. A reason for greater longevity of F. gardneri individuals at edge microhabitats may be that these sites have one side open to light and nutrients and another site that buffers them from desiccation and wave impact. In the Mazzaella-Fucus interaction, neighbor distance was a key factor in determining whether the outcome of the interaction would be competition or facilitation (or protection). This study provides experimental evidence that detectable biological interactions occur in this upper intertidal algal community where physical conditions are usually severe, and also indicates the importance of small scale examination in understanding macroalgal interactions in intertidal habitats.

• 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2017

천문학 분야에서 광시야망원경을 통해 관측된 자료들의 양은 기하급수적으로 늘어나고 있다. 그러나 고정된 소규모의 컴퓨팅 환경과 자료 분석 도구들의 복잡성은 대용량 관측 자료들을 효율적으로 처리하는데 어려움을 야기한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해, 대용량 천문 관측 자료처리를 위한 클라우드 기반의 자동화 시스템을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 시스템은 관측 자료 분석에 필요한 워크플로우 템플릿의 관리 및 실행 제어를 위한 워크플로우 실행 관리자(Workflow Execution Manager)와 관측 자료 분석 요청 량에 따라 동적으로 계산자원의 할당/반납이 가능한 탄력적 자원 관리자(Elastic Resource Manager)로 구성된다. 또한 동적 자원 할당 추이, 시스템 부하 등의 다양한 실험 및 결과 분석을 통해 제안한 시스템의 유효성을 검증하고, DEEP-SOUTH 스케쥴링 시스템에의 적용 사례를 기술한다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.722-730
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• 2001

The local heat transfer of an axisymmetric submerged air jet impinging on a heated flat plate is investigated experimentally with the variation of mesh-screen solidity. The screen installed in front of the nozzle exit modifies the flow structure and local heat transfer characteristics. The mean velocity and turbulence intensity profiles of streamwise velocity component are measured using a hot-wire anemometry. The temperature distribution on the heated flat surface is measured with thermocouples. The smoke-wire flow visualization technique was employed to understand the near-field flow structure qualitatively for different mesh screens. Large-scale toroidal vortices and high turbulence intensity enhance the heat transfer rate in the stagnation region. For a higher solidity, turbulence intensity become higher which increases the local heat transfer at small nozzle-to-plate spacings such as L/D<6. The local and average Nusselt numbers of impinging jet from the $\sigma$(sub)s=0.83 screen at L/D=2 are about 5.6∼7.5% and 7.1% larger than those for the case of no screen, respectively. For the nozzle-to-plate spacings larger than 6, however, the turbulence intensities for all tested screens approach to an asymptotic curve and the mean velocity along the jet centerline decreases monotonically. As the nozzle-to-plat spacing increases for high solidity screens, the heat transfer rate decreases due to the reduction in turbulence intensity and jet momentum.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.376.1-376.1
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• 2014

그래핀은 차세대 2차원 물질로서 지금까지 활발히 연구되어 왔으나 밴드갭이 없기 때문에 전자소자로서의 응용이 매우 제한적이다. 최근에 그래핀을 대체할 수 있는 물질로서 Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs)가 주목을 받고 있다. 특히, TMDs 중에서 $MoS_2$는 bulk일 때 indirect한 1.2 eV인 밴드 갭을 갖고 있으나, layer가 줄어들면서 direct한 1.8 eV인 밴드갭을 가진다. 국내외 여러 연구 그룹에서 $MoS_2$를 이용하여 제작한 Field Effect Transistor (FET)는 high-$\small{K}$ gate가 산입되지 않은 경우에 on-off ratio와 mobility가 각각 $10^6$와 약 $3cm^2/Vs$로 나타나고 있다. 이와 같이 아주 우수한 전기적, 광학적 특성을 갖는 소자 응용성을 가지고 있다. 최근까지의 연구결과들은 대부분 mechanical exfoliation method (MEM) 로 제작된 $MoS_2$ monolayer를 이용하였으나, 이 방법은 large scale 및 layer controllable에는 적합하지 않다. 본 연구에서는 대면적의 집적회로 응용에 적합한 chemical vapor deposition법을 이용하여 $MoS_2$를 성장하였다. 높은 결정성을 위해 sulphur (powder purity 99.99%)와 molybdenum trioxide(powder purity 99.9%)를 이용하고, Ar 가스 분위기에서 sulphur powder 및 molybdenum trioxide powder를 각각 $130^{\circ}C$ 및 $1000^{\circ}C$로 유지하며 $MoS_2$ 박막을 성장하였다. 성장된 $MoS_2$ 박막은 Atomic force Microscopy (AFM)을 통해 박막의 단차와 roughness을 확인하였다. 또한, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern 분석으로 박막의 결정성을 확인하였으며, Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Photoluminescence (PL) 측정으로 광학적 특성을 분석하였다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2011

최근 PF사업은 급격한 성장 속에서 개발환경의 변화가 다양하게 나타나고 있다. 이러한 건설시장의 성장과 개발환경 변화에 따라 PF사업 관련기업들은 성공할 수 있는 사업을 찾기 위해 많은 노력을 하고 있으며 PF사업 초기단계부터 성공여부의 판단근거를 마련하기 위해 다양한 연구를 수행하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 PF사업을 구상하고 개발하는 일련의 과정에 있어서 PF사업의 성공요인을 찾아보고, 전문가조사를 통해 주요성공요인을 찾았다. 또한, PF사업 종사자들에게 실증조사를 실시하여 성공요인을 도출하고 도출된 요인들의 상대적 중요도를 파악하기 위해 계층적 분석방법인 AHP를 실시하여 정성적인 부분을 정량적 접근이 가능하도록 이론적 근거를 마련하고자 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 PF사업 성공요인을 도출하고 계층적 분석방법인 AHP기법을 활용하여 PF사업 성공요인의 상대적 중요도를 제시하고자 한다. 정성적인 주관적 요소를 객관화하여 각 요인에서 나타나는 적용상의 한계를 해결함으로서 성공적인 PF사업을 수행하려는 기업이나 관련종사자에게 객관적이고 공정하게 적용해볼 수 있는 방안을 제안하고자 한다.