• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.121-130
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• 2021

Recently, the need for new approaches and recognition of safety and maintenance has been raised for small vulnerable facilities in Korea due to the acceleration of aging facilities, various safety accidents, and increased frequency of use. In particular, small vulnerable facilities(SVF), including most social welfare facilities, are facilities used by many of the vulnerable groups, and safety management is very important. Therefore, this study investigated various statuses based on safety inspection results (31,114 cases) conducted over the past 13 years (2008-2020) for small vulnerable facilities in Korea, and evaluated the characteristics of each field and safety and maintenance performance level. This aims to present policy directions for strengthening safety management of facilities for the vulnerable by using basic data such as improvement of safety standards and maintenance strategies for small vulnerable facilities in Korea in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.111-118
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• 2014

While large-sized facilities (type I II) have been managed systematically after the establishment of the Special Law for Safety Management on Facility, the management of small-sized facilities is relatively poor. The small-sized facilities have been managed by The Basic Law for Disaster and Safety Management, however, it is hard to manage them systematically as related standards are not established. Therefore, this study proposed the management plans for including the facilities such as some road tunnels and utility tunnels, which have the definite manager and a high possibility to harm the public, into type I and II facilities. In addition, it proposed the reinforcement plans of safety management for small-sized and vulnerable facilities such as breast wall and cut slopes, traditional markets and pedestrian bridges, which are fundamental facilities closely related to people's life, although a budget and a man-power are not enough.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.22-27
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• 2014

The market of performance arts industry such as concert, musical and opera etc is now expanding in Korea. However, the inadequate safety management in theatres often causes some accidents. The guarantee of safety in theatres is very important since the accidents in theaters can lead to many casualties and serious property damages. In particular, the small theatres which have no obligation of safety inspection by law are very vulnerable to safety mattes. This study has done the research into the improvement of safety in small theaters through the inspection and analysis of their safety status. For the purpose, this study has inspected and analyzed the safety status of small theaters over 120 in the field of theater management and operation, fire protection, electrical facilities, ceiling structure and etc. Moreover, this study had investigated the law and technical standards related to theatre safety. This study shows that the essentials to make sure of the safety in small theaters are (1) the education to improve the sense of security of people who work in theaters (2) the training to strengthen the operating skills of the facilities in theaters (3) the cooperation and support of the related organization such as technical research center, central and local government.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.2135-2146
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• 2022

A nuclear energy facility is one of the most critical facilities to be safely protected during and after operation because the physical destruction of its barriers by an external attack could release radioactivity into the environment and can cause harmful effects. The barrier walls of nuclear energy facilities should be sufficiently robust to protect essential facilities from external attack or sabotage. Physical protection system (PPS) vulnerability assessment of a typical small nuclear research reactor was carried out by simulating an external attack with a tri-nitro toluene (TNT) shaped charge and results are presented. The reinforced concrete (RC) barrier wall of the research reactor located at a distance of 50 m from a TNT-shaped charge was the target of external attack. For the purpose of the impact assessment of the RC barrier wall, a finite element method (FEM) is utilized to simulate the destruction condition. The study results showed that a hole-size of diameter 342 mm at the front side and 364 mm at the back side was created on the RC barrier wall as a result of a 143.35 kg TNT-shaped charge. This aperture would be large enough to let at least one person can pass through at a time. For the purpose of the PPS vulnerability assessment, an Estimate of Adversary Sequence Interruption (EASI) model was used, which enabled the determination of most vulnerable path to the target with a probability of interruption equal to 0.43. The study showed that the RC barrier wall is vulnerable to a TNT-shaped charge impact, which could in turn reduce the effectiveness of the PPS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.04c
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• pp.32-40
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• 2008

Recently, due to the onset of the information age, various high-priced, large-size machines have been invented such as intelligent building and high-tech computer operated facilities. Consequently, all kinds of electrical, electronic, and communication equipments and facilities have been found to be vulnerable even to small amounts of electrical shock. Interference between equipments and equipment malfunction occur because of various electromagnetic interferences. Galvanic action by direct current (D.C.) causes gas valve corrosion and other electrical problems such as static electricity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) occur as well. Most of the problems stated above occur because of problems in grounding.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.13-26
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• 2023

Recently, South Korea has prepared laws and systems to systematically manage rural spaces in response to the era of population decline and is making various efforts to promote related policies. However, various basic studies that can support this are still insufficient. In particular, in this study, the functions and roles of each settlement class were established along with the classification of the sedentary classes in rural areas, and the classification system for rural living services was established, and the hierarchy by functional facilities and the minimum standards for vulnerable areas (accessibility) were established. Specifically, in this study, the settlement class was divided into 4 classes of "central area - midpoint area - small point area - hinterland", and each function and role was presented, and the rural living service classification system was finally reestablished as 10 sectors and 31 functional facilities. In addition, the hierarchy and accessibility standards of rural living service functional facilities was set within 5 to 15 minutes for 'lower and basic services', within 10 to 20 minutes for 'medium and basic services', within 15 to 30 minutes for 'intermediate and complex services', within 20 to 60 minutes for 'high car/complex service' and within 10 minutes for 'urgent service'.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.27-34
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• 2013

Almost accidents in construction sites are occurred by unsafe work conditions and failure making safe environment. As recent construction projects become more complex, various and diversified, So the potential of construction-related accidents is increased as well. Comparing the frequency of construction-related accidents in large-sized construction sites, small-sized construction sites are more vulnerable because of lack of workforce and less effective technology system. Furthermore, the absence of safety committee, poor financial condition leads to lack of safety education, installation of safety facilities, and provision of individual protective equipment, which indicates difficulties handling even basic safety management. Therefore, in order to lower the hazard rate at small-Sized construction sites, it is necessary to proceed with more structural and thorough actions for preventing accidents. In other words, it is necessary to analyze the causes of the accidents at small-sized construction sites, set criteria for safety management, and suggest safety management items according to work classification by evaluating the relative importance of the items.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.69-79
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• 2023

This study investigated changes in the spatial structure of rural villages in Sayang Village, where accessibility restrictions to island areas were improved, and analyzed the spatial composition of houses according to changes in the living environment. First, despite the island's vulnerable transportation requirements being resolved by the completion of the land and bridge in 2018, the local economy continues to stagnate due to a vicious cycle of local living services and job losses. Second, when a survey of residents' changed living services was conducted through the continuation of the specification map, the scope of living areas was expanded by analyzing the frequency and place of visit of fresh food purchases, use of convenience facilities, and medical visits. Third, it is judged that the naturally formed village is composed of small roads to the inside of the village due to the disorganized street system and the form of walking instead of vehicles. Finally, as a result of analyzing the residential space of houses in fishing villages, the aging rate of houses over 30 years old was 62 (91.2%), and the average area of the first house space built was 65.2m² to 14.1m², an increase of 17.8% of the total area.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.439-447
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• 2015

In this study, specific sections vulnerable to debris flow damage were selected, and a complete enumeration survey was performed for the sections with debris flow hazards. Based on this, the characteristics of the sections with debris flow hazards and the current status of actions against debris flow were examined, and an efficient installation plan for a debris flow damage prevention method that is required in the future was suggested. The results indicated that in the Route 56 section where the residential density is relatively higher between the two model survey sections, facilities for debris flow damage reduction were insufficient compared to those in the Route 6 section which is a mountain area. It is thought that several sites require urgent preparation of a facility for debris flow damage reduction. In addition, a numerical analysis showed that for debris barriers installed as a debris flow damage prevention method, distributed installation of a number of small-scale barriers facilities within a valley part was more effective than single installation of a large-scale debris barrier at the lower part of a valley.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

Due to rapid decrease in population of farming and fishing villages and drain of young rural manpower to the cities, aging is being intensified, and the conditions of housing and welfare of elderly households are inadequate. Currently, group home is being discussed as part of specialized housing and welfare support policy for the people in the vulnerable class with poor self-supporting abilities such as the aged living alone in farming and fishing villages, and aged farming and fishing households. So the purpose of this research is to present the basic data for proposing the policy of supplying group home through examining the realities of housing and welfare of the people in the vulnerable class in farming and fishing villages. Survey was conducted on the 4 regions -Cheonan-si, Gongju-si, Yesan-gun, and Seosan-si - whose apartments were all occupied by the residents among the group homes for the elderly living alone in Chungcheongnam-do and the following results were derived from the analysis on the data collected from the survey. First, great effects can be attained at small costs by reorganizing and utilizing the public facilities that are unused or little used and the existing houses that are exposed to risks due to improper maintenance. Second, it can be pointed out that the residential environment of the vulnerable members of society was improved without impairing the existing village landscape. Third, housing welfare was enhanced without investing a large sum of money and the system to promptly cope with negligent accidents and emergency can be built and operated. Fourth, the cases promoted to solve the problems of the poor, unhygienic, and unsafe housing of the elderly and the vulnerable members of society were very positive and well worthy of being presented as planning direction of future group homes in farming and fishing villages. Finally, if they are operated entirely for free, it will cause the lack of the sense of ownership and the problems in securing the budget, so the ways of paying minimum individual housing expenses should be examined. The alternatives of housing welfare for the vulnerable members of farming and fishing villages are needed and the ways of constructive planning and researches should be continuously made. Also, the government's support policy should be actively promoted.