• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.447-453
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• 2008

Respiration rate is one of the important vital signs. Photo-plethysmography (PPG) measurement especially on a finger has been widely used in pulse oximetry and also used in estimating respiration rate. It is well known that PPG contains respiration-induced intensity variation (RIIV) signal. However, the accuracy of finger PPG method has been controversial. We introduced a new technique of enhancing motion artifact by respiration. This was achieved simply by measuring PPG on the thorax. We examined the accuracy of these two PPG methods by comparing with two existing methods based on thoracic volume and nostril temperature changes. PPG sensing on finger tip, which is the most common site of measurement, produced 6.1 % error. On the other hand, our method of PPG sensing on the thorax achieved 0.4 % error which was a significant improvement. Finger PPG is sensitive to motion artifact and it is difficult to recover fully small respiratory signal buried in waveform dominated by absorption due to blood volume changes. Thorax PPG is poor to represent blood volumes changes since it contains substantial motion artifact due to respiration. Ironically, this inferior quality ensures higher accuracy in terms of respiration measurement. Extreme low-cost and small-sized LED/silicon detector and non-constrained reflection measurement provide a great candidate for respiration estimation in ubiquitous or personal health monitoring.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.12-17
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• 2014

The number of vehicle accidents related to the side impact has increased since 1990 in Korea, thus the side impact test has been performed as one of the major vehicle evaluations of the Korean New Car Assessment Program(KNCAP) in 2003. A total of 77 vehicles of eight different types(compact, small, semi-midsize, midsize, and large sedans and small, midsize, and large sports utility vehicles) were tested in side impact and side pole impact conditions. In this study, the head and thorax injury values(HICs and chest deflections) of the side impact tests performed between 2003 and 2013 were investigated in terms of vehicle type, test year, and test condition. The recent vehicles showed better safety performances(lower injury values) and similar injury patterns were obtained between side impact and pole side impact tests.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2014

Purpose : In case of the intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) using Tomotherapy and linear accelerator (Linac), it was to compare and to evaluate the imaging dose of MVCT and CBCT that were performed daily for the correct set up of the patient. Materials and Methods : The human body model Phantom (Anderson rando Phantom, USA) was divided into the three parts as Head, Thorax, pelvis, and after GafChromic EBT3 film cut to the size of $0.5{\times}0.5cm2$.in the center of the recording area were situated on the ant, post, left, and right surface of the phantom and 2cm in depth from the ant, post, left, right, and center surface of the phantom, the surface dose and inner dose were measured repeatedly three times, respectively, using the tomotherapy (Hi Art) and the OBI of NovalisTx. The measured film calculated the output value by RIP version6.0 and then the average value of the dose was calculated by the one-way analysis of variance. Results : Using the human body model phantom, the results of MVCT and CBCT performance were that measurements of MVCT inner dose were showed $15.43cGy{\pm}6.05$ in the head, $16.62cGy{\pm}3.08$ in the thorax, $16.81cGy{\pm}5.24$ in the pelvis, and measurements of CBCT inner dose were showed $13.28{\pm}3.68$ in the head, from $13.66{\pm}4.04$ in the thorax, $15.52{\pm}3.52$ in the pelvis. The measurements of surface dose were showed in case of MVCT performance, $11.64{\pm}4.05$ in the head, $12.16{\pm}4.38$ in the thorax, $12.05{\pm}2.71$ in the pelvis, and in case of CBCT performance, $14.59{\pm}3.51$ in the head, $15.82{\pm}2.89$ in the thorax, $17.48{\pm}2.80$ in the pelvis, respectively. Conclusion : In case of Inner dose, the MVCT using MV energy showed higher than the CBCT using kV energy at 1.16 times in the head, at 1.22 times in the thorax, at 1.08 times in the pelvis, and in case of surface dose, the CBCT was higher than MVCT, at 1.25 times in the head, at 1.30 times in the thorax, at 1.45 times in the pelvis. Imaging dose was a small amount compared to the therapeutic dose but it was thought to affect partially to normal tissue because it was done in daily schedule. However, IMRT treatment was necessarily parallel with the IGRT treatment through the image-guide to minimize errors between planned and actual treatment. Thus, to minimize imaging dose that the patients receive, when planning the treatment, it should be set up a treatment plan considering imaging dose, or it must be performed by minimizing the scan range when shooting MVCT.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.258-260
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• 2023

Traumatic rupture of the right hemidiaphragm occurred following a high-velocity motor vehicle collision in the case presented herein. The resulting herniation of small bowel loops into the thorax resulted in hemodynamic and respiratory compromise due to pressure effects on the right heart and major vessels. The patient's hemodynamic status improved with reduction of enterothorax, and the diaphragmatic defect was repaired. We discuss the available literature and learning points from this rare case.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.84-88
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• 2008

The Jarcho-Levin syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a short neck, short trunk, and a constricted thorax, and is due to multiple vertebral and rib defects. The small size of the thorax frequently leads to respiratory insufficiency and death in neonates or infants. This syndrome also combines with various kinds of anomalies, especially renal anomalies. We report an infant with Jarcho-Levin syndrome combined with fusion of both kidneys who was referred from a local obstetric clinic for cyanosis and respiratory difficulty.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.331-334
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• 1986

Bochdalek hernia in adult is relatively uncommon. We experienced a surgical case of Bochdalek hernia in a 29 year old housewife. She was admitted via E-R due to left chest pain and nausea for 1 months. 5 days before admission, she had Cesarean section on private hospital. After delivery, nausea and exertional dyspnea were aggravated. On admission, chest PA showed herniated stomach, colon, small intestine on left thorax. She was diagnosed of diaphragmatic hernia and operated. Operative findings were as follows: 1. hypoplastic: lower lobe of left lung, 2. stomach, colon, small intestine, spleen were herniated, 3. the defect was located on posterolateral portion of diaphragm, measuring 10 x 8 cm in size. Herniated intestines were reduced and diaphragmatic defect was repaired as interrupted sutures with 2-0 Mersilene. Postoperative courses were uneventful and the patient was discharged on POD 10th.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 1977

Benign hyperplasia of hilar lymph glands is rare. Most of the lesions were intrathoracic cavity. The lesions were discovered most often on routine roentgenograms of the chest or because. of pressure symptoms or the presence of a palpable mass if outside the thorax. Diagnosis is. made after removal of gland, a procedure which may also have therapeutic value. They have been divided into 2 histol0gic types: the hyaline-vascular lesions, which were, most numerous, were characterized by small hyaline-vascular follicles and interfollicular capillary proliferation ;the plasma cell lesions were characterized by large follicles with! intervening sheets of plasma cells. We experienced one case of benign hyperplasia of lymph gland in left hilum, which were. most numerous, characterized by small hyaline-vascular follicles and interfollicular capillary proliferation-hyaline-vascular type. This 29 years old male patient was treated by right upper lobectomy with excision of lesion. The postoperative courses was uneventful.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.473-481
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• 1992

To elucidate the applicability of the wide latitude X-ray film for radiographic diagnosis and treatment of diseases in small animals, the quality of the wide latitude film was compared with that of the standard latitude film which is commonly used in veterinary clinic. The images of head, neck, thorax, abdomen, extremities and joints were radiographed with the wide latitude and standard latitude film in fourteen dogs. In soft tissues such as abdominal organs, lung, skin, mammary glands, the clearer and higher contrast of the image was observed on the wide latitude film. And these advantages were more apparent in pneumoeritoneography. Therefore. it can be suggested that the wide latitude film is practically useful for the evaluation of the images of soft tissues, and also can be used on hard tissue radiography with the same quality as the standard latitude film.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.337-341
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• 2002

In 2001, eight small-sized dogs and three medium-sized dogs with or without clinical signs such as vomiting, dyspnea and enlargement of superficial lymph nodes were diagnosed as lymphoma by radiography, ultrasonography and cytology. Among them, six were female mainly over 7 years old and others were male around 4 years old. There were six cases of multicentric form lymphoma, three cases of mediastinal form, an alimentary and an extranodal form, respectively. Radiographic findings were enlarged cranial mediastinal lymph node, sternal lymph node, and tracheobronchial lymph nodes on thorax and hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and enlarged sublumbar lymph nodes on abdomen. Ultrasonographic findings revealed enlarged abdominal lymph nodes and multifocal hypoechoic lesions on the liver. Especially, severe wall thickness of small bowel was observed in a dog with alimentary lymphoma. Three dogs were dead during chemotherapy, and three dogs were dead without any treatment. Three dogs did not return and two treated dog showed normal status. Radiography and ultrasonography, although not giving an final diagnosis for lymphoma, are useful for assessment and diagnosis of lymphoma.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.523-532
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• 2013

When the golf club hits the ground prior to making contact with the golf ball, we define it as 'fat shot'. The aim of this research was to investigate the difference between normal shot and fat shot in golf. Five candidates playing as recreational golfer participated in this research and they were all right-handed people. Time phase between each event, wrist cocking angle, elbow extension-flexion angle, backswing height, pelvis angle, thorax angle, L-GRF, R-GRF, pelvis linear velocity, pelvis angular velocity and COG path were calculated. For statistical analysis the paired T-test was used. An early un-cocking, an early right elbow extension and impact with leaving their weight behind foot were not reasons of fat shot. Backswing height, X-Factor, pelvis angle and thorax rotation angle were not different between normal shot and fat shot. But we could find a pattern of abrupt pelvic movement and weight shift to target direction just before impact in case of fat shot. In addition fat shot showed time-delayed and small value of pelvis linear velocity pattern to upward during downswing phase as against normal shot.