• 한국습지학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2016

농촌 지역 하수도 보급은 하천, 호소 및 습지와 같은 수계 수질 보호를 위해서 반드시 필요하다. 또한 안정적인 소규모 하수처리장 운영을 위해서는 유입 유량과 농도의 변화가 큰 소규모 하수도 특성을 고려해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 봉화군 18개의 소규모 하수처리장 운전 결과를 통해 유입유량비 (유입 유량 / 설계 유량) 특성, 소규모 하수처리장 처리 효율에 미치는 영향과 적정 유입유량비 산정에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 분석 결과 유입유량비는 여름철에 가장 높은 것으로 나타난 반면, 유입 하수 농도는 가을철과 겨울철에 높은 것으로 나타났다. 유입유량비가 증가할수록 처리 효율이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 영양염류 처리 효율이 유기물과 부유물질 처리 효율에 비해 민감한 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 안정적인 소규모 하수처리장 처리 효율을 위해서는 유입유량비 0.8 이상을 유지해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2022

In this study, we applied ENERWATER to evaluate the energy consumption labeling of wastewater treatment plants in Korea using the Korea sewerage statistics data. The results showed that the energy label status was excellent in the SBR process for small and medium-scale wastewater treatment plants and the A2O process for large-scale wastewater treatment plants. The energy labeling of wastewater treatment plants of 50,000 tons capacity was excellent. The statuses of metropolitan cities and Jeollanam-do province were excellent. We analyzed the effects of renewable energy on wastewater treatment plants' energy consumption and found out that digestion gas for large-scale plants and photovoltaic energy for small-scale plants were effective in improving energy labeling. In addition, we compared the energy labels of four wastewater treatment plants in "Z" city and wastewater treatment plant "X" had the best energy label, and the wastewater treatment plants "V" and "Y" had to be selected as priorities for the energy diagnosis and improvement project. In a comprehensive conclusion, the applicability of ENERWATER was confirmed based on sewage statistics data and labeling can be used to set priorities for the energy diagnosis and improvement project.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2014

The biological aerated filter (BAF) reactor is regarded as an effective biological wastewater treatment method. It can remove pollutants by carrier filtration and biodegradation. Due to its advantages, which include high biomass retention, tolerance to toxicity, excellent removal efficiency, and slurry separation, BAF has been widely used to remove COD, $NH_4{^+}-N$, phosphorus, and other harmful organic substances. In this study, the BAF reactor was used to remove organic contaminants of domestic wastewater of Korea at both the benchand pilot-scale. The main objectives of this study are to: (i) investigate the removal efficiency of organic contaminants (ex. COD, nitrate, phosphorus) in BAF reactors at both scales; (ii) characterize the small-scale wastewater treatment plant using the BAF reactor. The concentration of COD in the influent increased from 69 to 246 mg/L. During the operation period, the final effluent concentration of COD remained maximum 4.0 mg/L, and the average removal efficiency was above 88%. The present study investigated the removal efficiencies of COD, TN, TP and $NH_4{^+}-N$ from smelting wastewater by BAF system. When treating wastewater in both bench and pilot-scale reactors, the BAF worked well.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.425-433
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• 2011

자연정화공법에 의한 축산폐수처리장에서 효과적으로 축산폐수를 처리하기 위해 인공습지 축산폐수처리 시스템에 전처리방법으로 수생식물여과조와 활성슬러지조를 적용하여 최적 전처리방법을 조사하였다. 또한, 최적 전처리방법을 실제 현장 축산폐수처리장에 연계하여 시공한 후 전처리방법의 효율성과 안전성을 검토하였다. 수생식물여과조와 인공습지를 연계한 소형 축산폐수처리장치에서 최종방류수 중 COD, SS, T-N 및 T-P의 처리효율은 각각 83, 89, 63 및 87%이었다. 활성슬러지조와 자연정화공법을 연계한 소형 축산폐수처리장치에서 최종방류수 중 COD, SS, T-N 및 T-P의 처리효율은 각각 96, 95, 86 및 92%이었다. 수생식물여과조 및 활성슬러지조는 인공습지 축산폐수처리장의 전처리공법으로서 질소와 인 처리효율을 향상시킬 수 있어 고농도의 축산폐수를 안정적으로 처리하기 위해 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 최적 전처리방법을 연계한 실제 현장 축산폐수처리장에서 COD, SS, T-N 및 T-P 의 처리효율은 모든 조건에서 각각 99.8, 99.9, 99.2 및 99.9%으로 높은 처리효율을 보였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2014

A pilot plant (Q=5 $m^3/d$) study was implemented for small and medium sized personal wastewater treatment plant effluent to evaluate MBR and A/O processes utilizing self-sufficient energy composed of wind and solar energy. The removal efficiencies of BOD, SS, turbidity and color were sufficient for legal water quality standards for gray water. However, those of nitrogen and phosphorus could not meet legal regulations which suggested that further removal of those contaminants were needed for reuse of the treated water. Self-sufficient energy rate was 100 % for the pilot plant due to excessive design capacity. In this research, wind and solar energy system was applied considering geological characteristics, which significantly improved energy self-sufficiency. Substantial improvement on energy self-sufficiency can be obtained by optimized investment and operation at a full scale wastewater treatment plant.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.358-363
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• 2006

KSMBR process is dynamic state advanced wastewater treatment applied with Trisectional Aeration (TSA) mode combined with membrane. TSA was remodeled conventional intermittent aeration which was operated nonaeration-aeration. TSA operates nonaeration ($N_1$) - aeration (A) - nonaeration ($N_2$) in Trisectional Aeration Reactor (TAR). Organics of influent could be nearly consumed to denitrification without influence by remained DO in TAR and it could be operated about sludge return ratio of 1Q (influent base). The purpose of this study was to apply KSMBR to the full-scale plant and to evaluate efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and TSA operation. The result of this study, average CODcr/T-N and CODcr/T-P ratio were 7.8 and 59.6, respectively. BOD, TCODcr, SS, T-N, T-P, E-coli removal efficiency were 98.4, 95.2, 73.0, 69.6, 99.95 %, respectively. KSMBR obtained high removal efficiencies of C, N and P when it applied full-scale plant.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2015

In the purpose of this study, we investigate the characteristics of the pilot-scale wastewater treatment system applied to BAF, MBR and IPNR as examining the removal efficiency of organic pollutants and operating factors in small decentralized wastewater treatment systems, and operating factors. For long-term operation period of more than nine months, pilot-scale plant operating results appeared very stable. This results were the removal efficiency of BOD was 80.3% above and removal efficiency of COD with an average of about 91.0%, satisfied the final effluent water quality standards. TN in the final effluents was the average concentration of 7.9 mg/L, was satisfactory water quality standards 10 mg/L of TN.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.681-695
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• 2014

In a pilot-scale dyeing wastewater treatment using two-type fluidizing media, each thickness of biofilm was 15 and 30 ${\mu}m$, respectively. The numbers of protozoa inhabited in small-size (PEMT A) and big-size (PEMT B) media were $7.5{\times}10^4$ and $1.25{\times}10^5$ cells/ml, respectively, and dominant species were Entosiphon sulcatus var sulcatus in PEMT A and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in PEMT B, respectively. Flask experiments using the two media revealed that the percentages of color removal were 25.8% in PEMT A and 27.1% in PEMT B after 72-h cultivation, indicating the necessity of bioaugmentation. Experiments for bioaugmentation effect on color removal were carried out in the pilot-scale treatment for 75 d by three-step operation under the control of wastewater loading rate and microbial input rate. Dye degradation occurred mainly in the second reaction tank, and the attachment of augmented dye-degrading microorganisms to media took at least 35 d. Final value of chromaticity in effluent was 227, meeting the required standard. Therefore bioaugmentation onto media was good for color treatment. In summary, thickness of biofilm formed on the media depended upon the size of media, resulting in different ecosystem inside the media. Hence, this affected microbial community and color treatment further. Accordingly, the reduction of operation cost is expected by efficient color-treatment process using bioaugmented media.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2017

Small size privately owned wastewater treatment plants have been difficult to treat their wasted sludge and maintain steady effluent quality compared with publicly owned wastewater treatment plants. Therefore, this study has focused on treatment efficiency enhancement, specially nitrogen removal efficiency by recycling dewatering filtrate as an alkalinity additive from filter press using $CaCO_3$. As the result, it was found that the optimal mixing ratio between the excess sludge and $CaCO_3$ was 1:2. The major operation parameters such as specific substrate utilization rate, specific nitrification rate, and specific denitrification rate were also improved 64% ($0.048-0.079mg\;BOD_5/mg\;MLVSS{\cdot}day$), 35% ($0.020-0.027mg\;NH_3-N/mg\;MLVSS{\cdot}day$) and 68% ($0.051-0.086mg\;NO_3{^-}-N/mg\;MLVSS{\cdot}day$), respectively, after the adoption of new methods. Therefore, both the problem of sludge treatment at small scale plants and the need for efficiency improvement could be solved.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.37-52
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• 1992

Since the first sewage treatment plant was constructed in 1976, the sewerage systems of Korea have been rapidly expanded. As of the end of 1991, 22 sewage treatment plants with total capacity of 5.4 million tons/day are in operation which is equivalent of 3395 total daily sewage generation. Total extension of sewer 39.534 km in 1990 which is 55% of the target extension for the year 2001. However, the most sewage treatment plants employ activated sludge process which may not be suitable for medium and/or small scale plants. The poor existing sewer systems do not effectively collect and transport sewage to adversely affect the function of sewage treatment plant. To select the appropriate treatment system, the cities are classified into 3 categories such as large and medium size inland cities, small size cities and coastal cities. Considering the criteria suggested during this study, appropriate treatment processes were selected for each category. Conventional activated sludge process and step aeration process were found to be the most appropriate for big inland cities while biological nutrient removal processes should be considered for the cities discharge the effluent to lakes or reservoirs. RBC or Oxidation Ditch process might be appropriate for the medium size cities while several processes which do not require skilled operation and maintenance were suggested for the small cities. Ocean discharge after primary treatment can be considered for some east coast cities, Appropriate methodology to rehabilitate the existing sewers and strategy to convert combined sewer system to separate sewer system were proposed. This paper also include the appropriate management system for industrial wastewater, sludge and nightsoil.