• International Journal of Oncology
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.1327-1336
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• 2019

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are bone marrow (BM)-derived progenitor cells that can differentiate into mature endothelial cells, contributing to vasculogenesis in the blood vessel formation process. Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) belongs to the Runt domain family and is required for the differentiation of specific immune cells and neurons. The tumor suppressive role of RUNX3, via the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in a variety of cancers, and its deletion or frequent silencing by epigenetic mechanisms have been studied extensively; however, its role in the differentiation of EPCs is yet to be investigated. Therefore, in the present study, adult BM-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were isolated from Runx3 heterozygous (Rx3^+/-) or wild-type (WT) mice. The differentiation of EPCs from the BM-derived HSCs of Rx3^+/- mice was found to be significantly increased compared with those of the WT mice, as determined by the number of small or large colony-forming units. The migration and tube formation abilities of Rx3^+/- EPCs were also observed to be significantly increased compared with those of WT EPCs. Furthermore, the number of circulating EPCs, defined as CD34⁺/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)⁺ cells, was also significantly increased in Rx3^+/- mice. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α was upregulated in Rx3^+/- EPCs compared with WT EPCs, even under normoxic conditions. Furthermore, in a hindlimb ischemic mouse models, the recovery of blood flow was observed to be highly stimulated in Rx3^+/- mice compared with WT mice. Also, in a Lewis lung carcinoma cell allograft model, the tumor size in Rx3^+/- mice was significantly larger than that in WT mice, and the EPC cell population (CD34⁺/VEGFR2⁺ cells) recruited to the tumor was greater in the Rx3^+/- mice compared with the WT mice. In conclusion, the present study revealed that Runx3 inhibits vasculogenesis via the inhibition of EPC differentiation and functions via the suppression of HIF-1α activity.

• Korean Security Journal
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• 제24호
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• pp.147-170
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• 2010

This study is to present a improvement directions for the protection of industrial key technology. For the purpose of the study, the survey was carried out on the administrative security activity of 68 enterprises including Large companies, small-midium companies and public corporations. survey result on the 10 items of security policy, 10 items of personal management and 7 items of the assets management are as follows; First, stable foundation for the efficient implement of security policy is needed. Carrying a security policy into practice and continuous upgrade should be fulfilled with drawing-up of the policy. Also for the vitalization of security activity, arrangement of security organization and security manager are needed with mutual assistance in the company. Periodic security inspection should be practiced for the improvement of security level and security understanding. Second, the increase of investment for security job is needed for security invigoration. Securing cooperation channel with professional security facility such as National Intelligence Service, Korea internet & security agency, Information security consulting company, security research institute is needed, also security outsourcing could be considered as the method of above investment. Especially small-midium company is very vulnerable compared with Large company and public corporation in security management, so increase of government's budget for security support system is necessary. Third, human resource management is important, because the main cause of leak of confidential information is person. Regular education rate for new employee and staff members is relatively high, but the vitalization of security oath for staff members and the third party who access to key technology is necessary. Also access right to key information should be changed whenever access right changes. Reinforcement of management of resigned person such as security oath, the elimination of access right to key information and the deletion of account. is needed. Forth, the control and management of important asset including patent and design should be tightened. Classification of importance of asset and periodic inspection are necessary with the effects evaluation of leak of asset.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.104-111
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• 1996

We have isolated several proteinase inhibitor II genes pin2 from a Russet Burbank potato DNA library. One of these, pin2T was subcloned and a 1.8 kb Xbal/Nsil insert was sequenced. This fragment contained the complete Inhibitor II gene including 965 Up of flanking DNA upstream from the gene and 200 bp of flanking DNA downstream from the gene. The open reading frame encodes a protein that is similar to other reported proteinase Inhibitor II proteins. The DNA sequence of the 5' flanking region of pin2T from -714 to +1 is highly homologous (91% identity) with that of the previously isolated wound-inducible pin2K. There are, however, four small deletions in the pin2T promoter which are located at -221 to -200, -263 to -254, -523 to -426 and -759 to -708 relative to the transcription start site of the wound-inducible pin2K. Three of these deletions map to a portion of the promoter that controls the wound-inducibility of the proteinase inhibitor genes. Chimeric genes containing the promoter of the pin2T gene linked with the both CAT and GUS were constructed and transfered into tobacco plants. Analysis of these plants indicated that pin2T is not a wound-inducible gene but is expressed at low levels. Thus, wound-inducibility is lost with the concomitant natural deletion of three small regions of the promoter. Comparision of the sequences deleted in pin2T relative to the pin2K with Genebank sequences indicates that the deleted sequences contain a motif (consensus 5'-AGTAAA-3') that is found in many other wound-inducible genes but not easily found in the published promoter sequences of other plant genes. Nuclear proteins from unwounded and wounded potato leaves were bound to the proximal promoter region, downstream of the 5'-AGTAAA-3', of pin2T. The comparison of the pin2T gone with the pin2K gene indicates that the natural internal promoter deletions are likely responsible for loss of the wound-inducible phenotype in the pin2T gene.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.610-620
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• 2003

Background : 3p deletion has been shown to be the most frequently occurring change in lung cancers, suggesting the presence of a tumor suppressor gene in this region. Recent attention has focused on a candidate 3p14.2 tumor suppressor gene, FHIT. Therefore, the association of the expression of FHIT, with apoptosis, cell proliferation cycle and the clinicopathological features, including survival, were investigated Materials and Methods : 83 patients with non-small cell lung cancer, who underwent curative operation, between Jan. 1996 and Aug. 2000, at the Wonkwang university hospital, were analyzed. The expression of the FHIT was identified by immunohistochemical staining, and rate of apoptosis and cell proliferation cycle by flow cytometry. Results : 43% (36/83) of patients exhibited no FHIT expression. The rates of FHIT loss were 52% (28/54), 22% (5/23), 50% (3/6); 30% (11/37), 48% (16/33), 69% (9/13); 54% (30/56) and 22% (6/27), in squamous cell cancers, adenocarcinomas, large cell cancers, TNM stages I, II and III, smokers and non-smokers, respectively. All the differences in FHIT loss rates, according to the histopathology, TNM stages and smoking habits, were statistically significant. The median survival time and 2-year survival rate of the FHIT(-) group were 24 months and 44%, and those of the FHIT(+) group were 25 months and 51% (p>0.05), respectively. The apoptotic rate of the FHIT(-) and FHIT(+) groups were 50.72 (${\pm}13.93$) and 59.38 (${\pm}14.33$)%, respectively (p=0.01). The S- and G1-phase fractions of the FHIT(-) and FHIT(+) groups were 13.93 (${\pm}7.35$) and $51.50({\pm}23.15$)% and 15.65(${\pm}6.59$) and 54.16 (${\pm}20.25$)%, respectively (p>0.05). Conclusion : The loss of FHIT expression was increased to a greater extent with advancing TNM stage, smoking habits and squamous cell cancer compared to the adenocarcinomas. However, no survival differences were found according to the expression of FHIT. The apoptotic rate of the FHIT(+) group was greater than in the FHIT(-) group, but differences in the S- and G1-phase fractions, according to the expression of the FHIT, were not found.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2005

Purpose : The long term disease course and prognostic factors were evaluated in childhood Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ puruura nephritis(HSPN). Methods : A total of 75 children(44 boys and 31 girls) with HSPN were included in this study. The onset age was $8.0{\pm}3.1$ years(2.3-l5.3 years), and the follow-up period was $4.3{\pm}3.6$ years(1.0-17.1 years). Kidney biopsy was done in 24 children(32$\%$). Initial clinical and laboratory findings were evaluated. In addition, polymorphisms of the renin angiotensin system(RAS) genes(insertion/deletion in intron 16 of ACE gene, M235T in AGT gene, and A1166C in AGTR gene) were analysed. The initial and last clinical states were classified into 4 groups as follows A, normal; B, minor urinary abnormalities; C, active renal disease (nephrotic-range proteinuria and/or hypertension with serum creatinine $\leq$1.5 mg/dL); D, renal insufficiency. Results : At the onset, the clinical states of the patients were B in 26(35$\%$), C in 46(61$\%$), and D, in 3(4$\%$). The distribution of the RAS gene polymorphism of HSPN were not different from that of 100 healthy control subjects. At the last follow-up, the clinical states of the patients were A in 23(31$\%$), B in 38(50$\%$), C in 9(12$\%$), and D in 5(7$\%$). A multiple logistic regression identified age at the onset and initial urine protein excretion as significant prognostic factors. Analysis of genotypes of the 3 RAS genes as prognostic values revealed no statistical significance. Conclusion : Older age at onset and severe proteinuria were identified as poor prognostic factors of childhood HSPN. Implication of the RAS gene polymorphism In HSPN could not be validated in this small-scale retrospective study. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2005;9:183-192)

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• 제39권5_4호
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• pp.1097-1109
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• 2023

Urban is an area where small-scale changes to individual buildings occur frequently. An existing urban building database requires periodic updating to increase its usability. However, there are limitations in data collection for building changes over a wide urban. In this study, we check the possibility of detecting building changes and updating a building database by using satellite images that can capture a wide urban region by a single image. For this purpose, building areas in a satellite image are first extracted by projecting 3D coordinates of building corners available in a building database onto the image. Building areas are then divided into roof and facade areas. By comparing textures of the roof areas projected, building changes such as height change or building removal can be detected. New height values are estimated by adjusting building heights until projected roofs align to actual roofs observed in the image. If the projected image appeared in the image while no building is observed, it corresponds to a demolished building. By checking buildings in the original image whose roofs and facades areas are not projected, new buildings are identified. Based on these results, the building database is updated by the three categories of height update, building deletion, or new building creation. This method was tested with a KOMPSAT-3A image over Incheon Metropolitan City and Incheon building database available in public. Building change detection and building database update was carried out. Updated building corners were then projected to another KOMPSAT-3 image. It was confirmed that building areas projected by updated building information agreed with actual buildings in the image very well. Through this study, the possibility of semi-automatic building change detection and building database update based on single satellite image was confirmed. In the future, follow-up research is needed on technology to enhance computational automation of the proposed method.