• Title/Summary/Keyword: Small area variation

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Sensitivity Analysis of RMA2 Model Parameter Variation with Hydraulic Characteristics of Stream Junction Area (하도 합류부의 수리학적 특성을 고려한 RMA2 모형 매개변수의 민감도 분석)

  • Ahn, Seung-Seop;Yim, Dong-Hee;Seo, Myung-Joon;Lee, Hyo-Jung
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.17 no.7
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    • pp.783-793
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the sensitivity of the RMA2 model parameters reflecting the flow characteristics of stream junction and thus understand the hydraulic characteristics of the channel confluence flow. This study dealt with the input parameters of the RMA-2 model, a two-dimensional numerical analysis model widely used for researches both at home and abroad. The parameters of the RMA-2 model are roughness coefficient, turbulent diffusion coefficient, Coriolis forces latitude, Density, and mesh size. This study those parameters estimated from actual heavy rainfall, and varied the parameter size by (-)30%${\sim}$+30% to review the characteristics of the flow characteristics of the channel section. Weobserved that when the ratio of the channel width was relatively small, the smaller the approaching angle was, the farther from the junctions became the generating place of the maximum flow velocity, however, when the ratio of the channel width was relatively large, the larger the approaching angle was, the farther the generating place of the maximum flow velocity from the junctions became. In particular, the distance between junctions and the place where the maximum flow velocity generated showed an absolute correlationover 90% of the relative channel width, but an inverse relationwas found when the distance to the place where the flow velocity generated was shortened as relative the channel width between the main channel and tributary increased.

Comparison of Morphological Characters and Stable Isotopes of Seeds between Wild Simulated Ginseng and Cultivated Field Ginseng (국내 산양삼과 인삼 종자의 형태적 형질과 안정성 동위원소 비교)

  • Choi, Myoung Sub;Kim, Sunhee;Park, Chan Ryul;Kim, Namyoung;Shin, Jinsub
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.97 no.4
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    • pp.357-362
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    • 2008
  • We compared the morphological characters and stable isotopes of seeds of wild simulated ginseng with those of cultivated field ginseng. Seeds were collected from ten areas for wild simulated ginseng and two areas for cultivated field ginseng. The length, width, thickness and number of seeds per gram were measured and the ratio of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen was analysed as well. There was a overlapping variation of morphological characters and the ratio of stable isotope of the wild simulated ginseng among study areas. In Geumsan area, compared with the seed of cultivated field ginseng, the seed of wild simulated ginseng was significantly small and light, and the ${\delta}^{15}N$(‰) of wild simulated ginseng was lower than that of cultivated field ginseng. However, it is somewhat impossible to compare the regional variation of the unique value of ${\delta}^{15}N$(‰) among study areas of wild simulated ginseng. We can suggest the value of ${\delta}^{15}N$(‰) can be used as detection factor for cultivation regime like chemical fertilization and organic farming.

Design of the 140W level-small sized LED Power Control Circuit (140W 급-저면적 LED 전원 제어 회로 설계)

  • An, Ho-Myoung;Lee, Juseong;Kim, Byungcheul
    • The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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    • v.11 no.5
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    • pp.586-592
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    • 2018
  • In this paper, HIC with various functions is proposed for the design 140W LED power control circuit. The proposed HIC integrates constant voltage/constant current circuit, short circuit protection circuit, internal constant voltage circuit, and dimmer circuit, thereby reducing the horizontal length of the PCB by 16% comparing with the conventional system. Through various experiments, we verified the performance of each block implemented inside of HIC with numerical results. (Constant voltage variation ratio: 2.9%, dimmer circuit duty variation within 5%, stable short protection at 720 mA) Since the PCB area can be significantly reduced by applying the proposed HIC. It is possible to reduce the PCB manufacturing time which takes up most of the manufacturing time, however, It is expected that the faulted power module can be replaced without replacing the whole PCB, so that maintenance / repair can be made easier.

Analysis of hydraulic gradient variation according to topographic gradient and rainfall in unconfined aquifer (자유면 대수층에서 지형 경사와 강우를 고려한 수리경사 변동 분석)

  • Kim, Byung-Woo;Kang, Dong-hwan;Jo, Won Gi;Park, Kyoung-deok
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.56 no.10
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    • pp.691-695
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    • 2023
  • In this study, two sections with different topographic gradients were in the Hyogyo-ri area, the hydraulic gradients were calculated for each section, and the hydraulic gradient fluctuations according to the topographic gradient and rainfall were analyzed. The variations of the hydraulic gradient within the research site was large in the section with steep topographic gradient and small in the section with gradual topographic gradient. The influence of the variation in hydraulic gradient due to rainfall was high in the section with steep topographic gradient, and low in the section with gradual topographic gradient. Through this study, it was found that the hydraulic gradient fluctuations in unconfined aquifer showed as a complex effect of topographic gradient and rainfall.

Characteristics of Radon Variability in Soils at Busan Area (부산광역시 일대의 토양 내 라돈 농도 변화 특성)

  • Kim, Jin-Seop;Kim, Sun-Woong;Lee, Hyo-Min;Choi, Jeong-Yun;Moon, Ki-Hoon
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.277-294
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    • 2012
  • The characteristics of temporal spacial radon variation in soil according to parent rock type and affecting factors were studied in Busan, Korea. The concentration of $^{222}Rn$ in soils and their parent elements ($^{226}Ra$,$^{228}Ra$, U and Th) in rocks and soils were measured at 24 sites in Busan area. The distribution and transportation behavior of these parent elements were analyzed and their correlations to radon concentration in soil were determined. Topographic effects were also evaluated. Two in-situ radon measurement (soil probe and buried tube) methods were applied to measure radon concentration in soil and their accuracies were evaluated. The spatial variation of radon in soil generally reflected U concentration in the parent rock. Average radon concentrations were higher in plutonic rocks than in volcanic rocks and were decreased in the order of felsic>intermediate>mafic rock. However, the radon concentrations were significantly varied in soils developed from same parent rocks due to the disequilibrium of U and $^{226}Ra$ between rock and soil. As results, the correlation of these element concentrations between rocks and soils was very low and radon concentrations in soils had highly co-related to the concentrations of these elements in soils. Th and $^{228}Ra$ show complex enrichment characteristics, differing significantly with U, in soils developed from same parent rock because the geochemical behavior of these elements during weathering and soil developing process was different with U. The radon concentrations in the same depth of soil in slope area were also different according to positions. The radon concentrations in soils developed from same parent rocks (19 sites at Pusan National University) varied 6.8~29.8Bq/L range because of small scale topographic variation. The opposite seasonal variation pattern of radon were observed according to soil properties. It was determined that buried tube method is more accurate method than soil probe method and was very advantageous application for the analysis for the characteristics of temporal spacial radon variation in soil.

Convergence analysis of determinants affecting on geographic variations in the prevalence of arthritis in Korean women using data mining (데이터마이닝을 이용한 여성 관절염 유병률 소지역 간 변이의 융복합 요인분석)

  • Kim, Yoo-Mi;Kang, Sung-Hong
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.277-288
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    • 2015
  • This study aims to identify determinants affecting on geographic variations in the prevalence of arthritis in Korean women using data mining. Data from Korean Community Health Survey 2012 with 249 small districts were analyzed. Socio-demographic, health behavior and status, and morbidity status measures were analyzed using conventional regression model and convergence analysis method such as decision tree for convergence analysis. Rate of workers in agriculture, forestry, and fishing, salaried workers, persons higher than high school graduates, non-treatment of needing care, non-treatment of care because of economic reason, obesity, heavy drunkers, complaining persons of chewing difficulty, persons with experiencing depression, persons with perceiving stress, and persons with diagnosing hypertension and angina pectoris were variation determinants of prevalence of arthritis in 249 small districts and these districts were classified 10 area groups by decision tree model. Our finding suggest that the approach based characteristics by small area groups rather than national wide or individual level would be effective to reduce in variations of prevalence of arthritis.

Mineral chemistry and major element geochemistry of the granitic rocks in the Cheongsan area (청산 일대에 분포하는 화강암류의 광물조성과 주성분원소 지구화학)

  • 사공희;좌용주
    • The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.185-209
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    • 1997
  • Granitic rocks in the Cheongsan area cosist of three plutons-Baegrog granodiorite, Cheongsan porphyritic granite, and two mica granite. Amphilboles from the Baegrog granodiorite belong to the calcic amphilbole group and show compositional variations from magnesio-hornblende in the core to actinolitic hornblende in the rim. Biotites from the three granites represent intermediate compositions between phlogopite and annite. Muscovites from the two mica granite are considered to be primary muscovite in terms of the occurrence and mineral chemistry. Each granitic rock reveals systematic variation of major oxide contents with $SiO_2$. Major oxide variation trends of the Baegrog granodiorite are fairly different from those of Cheongsan porphyritic granite and two mica granite. The latter two granitic rocks are also different with each other in variation trends for some oxides. Thus three granitic rocks in the Cheongsan area were solidifield from the independent magmas of chemically different, heterogeneous origin. The granitic rocks in the area show calc-alkaline nature. The whole rock geochemistry shows that the Baegrog granodiorite and Cheongsan porphyritic granite belong to metaluminous, I-type granite, whereas the two mica granite to peraluminous, I/S-type granite. The opaque mineral contents and magnetic susceptibility represent that the granitic rocks in the area are ilmenite-series granite, indicating that each magma was solidified under relatively reducing environment. The tectonic environment of the granitic activity in the area seems to have been active continental margin. Alkali feldspar megacryst in the Cheongsan porphyritic granite is considered to be magmatic, judging from the crystal size, shape, arrangement, and distribution pattern of inclusions. The petro-graphical characteristics of the Cheongsan porphyritic granite can be explained by two stage crystallization. Under the smaller degree of undercooling the alkali feldspar megacrysts rapidly grew owing to slow rate of nucleation and fast growth rate. At the larger degree of undercooling the nucleation rate and density drastically increased and the small crystals of the matrix were formed.

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Hydrogeochemical Research on the Characteristic of Chemical Weathering in a Granitic Gatchment (水文化學的 資料를 통한 花崗岩質 流域의 化學的 風化特性에 關한 硏究)

  • Park, Soo-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.1-15
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    • 1993
  • This research aims to investigate some respects of chemical weathering processes, espcially the amount of solute leaching, formation of clay minerals, and the chemical weathering rate of granite rocks under present climatic conditions. For this purpose, I investigated geochemical mass balance in a small catchment and the mineralogical composition of weathered bedrocks including clay mineral assemblages at four res-pective sites along one slope. The geochemical mass blance for major elements of rock forming minerals was calculated from precipitation and streamwater data which are measured every week for one year. The study area is a climatically and litholo-gically homogeneous small catchment($3.62Km^2$)in Anyang-shi, Kyounggi-do, Korea. The be-drock of this area id Anyang Granite which is composed of coarse-giained, pink-colored miner-als. Main rock forming minerals are quartz, K-Feldspar, albite, and muscovite. One of the chracteristics of this granite rock is that its amount of Ca and Mg is much lower than other granite rock. The leaching pattern in the weathering profiles is in close reltion to the geochemical mass balance. Therefore the removal or accumulation of dissolved materials shows weathering patterns of granite in the Korean peninsula. Oversupplied ions into the drainage basin were $H^+$, $K^+$, Fe, and Mn, whereas $Na^2+$, $Mg^2+$, $Ca^2+$, Si, Al and $HCO-3^{-}$ were removed from the basin by the stream. The consumption of hydrogen ion in the catchment implies the hydrolysis of minerals. The surplus of $K^+$ reflects that vegetation is in the aggravation stage, and the nutrient cycle of the forest in study area did not reach a stable state. And it can be also presumed that the accumulation of $K^+$ in the top soil is related to the surplus of $K^+$. Oversupplied Fe and Mn were presumed to accumulate in soil by forming metallic oxide and hydroxide. In the opposite, the removal of $Na^+$, Si, Al resulted from the chemical weathering of albite and biotite, and the amount of removal of $Na^+$, Si, Al reflected the weathering rate of the bedrock. But $Ca^2+$ and $Mg^2+$ in stream water were contaminated by the scattered calcareous structures over the surface. Kaolinite is a stable clay mineral under the present environment by the thermodynamical analysis of the hydrogeochemical data and Tardy's Re value. But this result was quite different from the real assemblage of clay miner-als in soil and weathered bedrock. This differ-ence can be explained by the microenvironment in the weathering profile and the seasonal variation of climatic factors. There are different clay forming environments in the stydy area and these differences originate from the seasonal variation of climate, especially the flushing rate in the weathering profile. As it can be known from the results of the analysis of thermodynamic stability and characteristics of geochemical mas balance, the climate during winter and fall, when it is characterized by the low flushing rate and high solute influx, shows the environmental characteristics to from 2:1 clay minerals, such as illite, smectite, vermiculite and mixed layer clay minerals which are formed by neoformation or transformation from the primary or secondary minerals. During the summer and spring periods, kaoli-nite is a stable forming mineral. However it should consider that the other clay minerals can transformed into kaolinite or other clay minerals, because these periods have a high flushing rte and temperature. Materials which are directly regulated by chemical weathering in the weathered bedrock are $Na^+$, Si, and Al. The leaching of Al is, however, highly restricted and used to form a clay mineral, and that of Si falls under the same category. $Na^+$ is not taked up by growing veget ation, and fixed in the weathering profile by forming secondary minerals. Therefore the budget of $Na^+$ is a good indicator for the chemical weathering rate in the study area. The amount of chemical weathering of granite rocks was about 31.31g/$m^2+$/year based on $Na^+$ estimation.

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Genetic and Phenetic Differentiation among Three Forms of Korean Salamander Hynobius Ieechii

  • Yang, Suh-Yung;Kim, Jong-Bum;Min, Mi-Sook;Suh, Jae-Hwa;Suk, Ho-Yung
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.247-257
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    • 1997
  • Genetic and morphological variations of Korean Hynobius leechii were surveyed. Starch gel electrophoresis was used to study genetic variation at 23 loci. H. leechii is genetically divided into three groups, each of which is named as Form-A, Form-B, and Form-C. These forms are clearly separated with 4-5 fixed or nearly fixed allelic differences. At a sympatry near Jangseong, Jollanam-do, a significant deviation from random mating between Form-A and Form-B was observed. Therefore, they are considered as two distinct taxi of specific rank. Form-A is widely distributed in the inland of Korea, whereas Form-B is distributed in the islands or near the coastal regions of Western and Southern Korea. Form-B had, in addition, a significant morphological difference from Form-A. On the other hand, Form-C was restricted to an area near Kori atomic power plant, Kyongsangnam-do, and the genetic similarities between this form and Form-A and Form-B were 0.742 and 0.736, respectively. Moreover, Form-C had a unique color pattern, short body and small coccyx. Thus, it seems reasonable to assign this form as another new species.

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A Study on the Characteristics of Koreaness in Contemporary Korean Architecture -Focused on 1990's- (한국현대건축에 표현된 한국성의 특성에 관한 연구 -90년대를 중심으로-)

  • 김경재
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • no.21
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    • pp.3-9
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    • 1999
  • Contemporary society that is apt to be homogeneity because of the development of computer communication and mass-media desires to seek its own identity in native realm. Contemporary Korean architecture has endeavored continuous discussion and practice to keep its identity within the current tendency. The purpose of this study is to grope the alternative for genuine 'Koreaness' to analyse the variant trend of its characteristics 1990's. The variation of Korean society in 1990's that emphasize self-regulation and individual value has influence on the realm of architecture so much. The cognition of 'Koreaness' has changed with center in the individual and small -size design group, not present accommodation of past, but continuous research to find archetype of tradition which can play a decisive role of linking present and future on the foundation of past. Many attempts and practical works that express 'Koreaness' in 1990's are performed in the area of residence works that reflect Korean emotion and life-style directly. This change can be an answer to solve the problem of peculiarity and universality in 'Koreaness'. After 1960's the main theme of 'Koreaness' was traditional architecture form, but because of the induction of Postmodernism and at once its reflection and critical attitude with limit of formal duplication, which lost its meaning. In 1990's, research for spatial form as korean emotion and image has carried out and played an important part of original expression for 'Koreaness'

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