• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.3851-3864
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• 2014

Cytokine research is currently at the forefront in cancer research. Deciphering the functions of these multiple small molecules, discovered within the cell and in intercellular spaces, with their abundance and pleotrophism, was initially a great challenge. Advances in analytical chemistry and molecular biology have made it possible to unravel the pathophysiological functions of these polypeptides/proteins which are called interleukins, chemokines, monokines, lymphokines and growth factors. With more than 5 million women contracting cervical cancer every year this cancer is a major cause of mortality and morbidity the world over, particularly in the developing countries. In more than 95% of cases it is associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection which is persistent, particularly in those with a defective immune system. Although preventable, the mere magnitude of prevalence of HPV in the world population makes it a dominating current health hazard. The discovery of cytokine dysregulation in cervical cancer has spurted investigation into the possibility of using them as biomarkers in the early diagnosis of cases at high risk of developing cancer. Their critical role in carcinogenesis and progression of cervical cancer is now being revealed to a great extent. From diagnostics to prognosis, and now with a possible role in therapeutics and prevention of cervical cancer, the cytokines are being evaluated in all anticancer approaches. This review endeavours to capture the essence of the astonishing journey of cytokine research in cervical neoplasia.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.21-31
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• 2016

In recent rural areas, unlike the past, the young population is increasing with the growth of the agricultural industry and the quality of life-focused trend. Therefore, the rural areas need to more actively respond to the housing demands of the young generations. In this regard, this study aimed to research the housing conditions of the households with children and identify any problems. The study targeted 16 families with children in Deokpo-ri, Yeongwol-gun, Gangwon Province. The research was conducted based on the on-site case study, specifically face-to-face in-depth interview and on-site monitoring using the checklist by residential spaces. The research findings are as follows: The discovered issues include the storage size and safety issues in the movement space, failure to provide the space tailored to the characteristics of the children and the insufficient size and storage space in the living space and the size and safety issues in the sanitary space. Overall, it was identified that small and insufficient storage space in the house pointed out as the main issue in this research was getting the residents' life more uncomfortable and unreasonable, and the activities of the children made their parents do unnecessary behaviors and stressed out during the process of childrearing. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the space arrangement considering the organizing system, caring system and the behavioral characteristics of the children during the process of child-rearing.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2017

Each country tries to prevent major industrial accidents at industrial sites, such as fire and explosion as well as poisoning incidents, and regulation of the management of chemicals is being enhanced in all sectors. In particular, in the case of laboratories, a variety of chemicals have been developed and handled in accordance with the development of science and technology. On the other hand, the accident probability at laboratories is higher than at industrial sites, because many different kinds of chemicals are handled in the laboratory but in very small amounts and chemical, physical, and biological studies have been carried out in limited spaces. Recently, the accident probability at laboratories was found to be higher as convergence/integration studies were carried out beyond the academic arena. Therefore, in this study, a survey of chemical management was conducted to prevent accidents due to chemicals targeting the laboratory safety coordinator using the FGI (focus group interview) method. The building plan of a chemical management system was suggested based on the results of the survey.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.16B no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2009

Most of the previous automatic word spacing systems are not suitable to use for mobile devices with relatively low computing powers because they require many system resources. We propose an automatic word spacing system that requires reasonable memory usage and simple numerical computations for mobile devices with low computing powers. The proposed system is a two step model that consists of a statistical system and a rule-based system. To reduce the memory usage, the statistical system first corrects word spacing errors by using a modified hidden Markov model based on character unigrams. Then, to increase the accuracy, the rule-based system re-corrects miscorrected word spaces by using lexical rules based on character bigrams or more. In the experiments, the proposed system showed relatively high accuracy of 94.14% in spite of small memory usage of about 1MB.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2009

In this paper, a novel framework that synthesizes and clones facial expression in parameter spaces is presented. To overcome the difficulties in manipulating face geometry models with high degrees of freedom, many parameterization methods have been introduced. In this paper, a data-driven parameterization method is proposed that represents a variety of expressions with a small set of fundamental independent movements based on the ICA technique. The face deformation due to the parameters is also learned from the data to capture the nonlinearity of facial movements. With this parameterization, one can control the expression of an animated character's face by the parameters. By separating the parameterization and the deformation learning process, we believe that we can adopt this framework for a variety applications including expression synthesis and cloning. The experimental result demonstrates the efficient production of realistic expressions using the proposed method.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.77-88
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• 2002

This article deals the investigations how to solve the social deficiencies of deteriorate apartments, which is a half cycle of a building and it goes slum clearance and redevelopment. And this proposes an active remodeling and design strategy, management, and housing policies for extending the usage of the resource. Most of apartment housing in Korea is built by the panel wall and slab structure system fur economic price. To remake is possible, even though not designed in flexibility and variation. The remodeling strategies are dwelling unification, transformation of two units to one or three units, addition of a room, changing into commercial and community required spaces, and reshaping of a envelop and facade by addition of a dwelling or dwellings, roof floors, change of materials and colors, and so on. And, all activities in structural aspect are proposed removal in upper part and addition in lower part of an apartment housing. Active remodeling cost a great deal compare to new construction, so any remodeling activities should be based on a minimal interfere and budgets to enhancing the quality in existing building. The final aim of an active remodeling is to enhance the quality in economic values, and to keep original state and to put on the new one in a small part. To promote the active and careful management and rehabilitation, it is necessary to give the positive incentive in terms of architectural law, bank loan, and any redevelopment project should get the remodeling record in national resources.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.79-97
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• 2003

This study aims to investigate the changing trend of the industrial complexes in the region of Liege, Belgium. The accessibility to the expressway and to the central city, the favorable atmosphere of the community, and the pleasant natural environment are the important factors in locating the industrial complexes in suburban areas. Since the 1970s the industrial complexes are developed generally on a medium or small scale coexisting with manufacturing firms and service business, but the business parks, the service parks and the science parks are developed in some strategic places. The industrial complexes are filled up with relocated firms rather than new established firms, and the industrial structure is diversified with the increase of service business. As manufacturing firms emigrated from the central city to suburban areas, the central city suffers from some serious problems such as the increased unemployment, the decreased population, the appearance of industrial ruined spaces and the worse of finance by the decreased tax sources. The local government tries to solve these problems by enacting some policies in order to revive the manufacturing firms in the central city, but with little avail.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.191-200
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• 2011

A way to adsorptively remove indoor carbon dioxide at relatively lower concentration under ambient temperature was studied. A small lab-scale carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption reactors were prepared, and 5A and 13X zeolites were packed in this reactors to investigate their adsorption and desorption characteristics. The inflow carbon dioxide concentration was controlled to 5,000 ppm, relatively higher concentration found in indoor spaces with air quality problems, by diluting carbon dioxide with nitrogen gas. The flow rate was varied as 1~5 L/min, and the carbon dioxide concentration after this reactor was constantly monitored to examine the adsorption characteristics. It was found that 5A adsorbed more carbon dioxide than 13X. A lab-scale carbon dioxide desorption reactor was also prepared to investigate the desorption characteristics of zeolites, which is essential for the regeneration of used zeolites. The desorption temperature was varied as $25{\sim}200^{\circ}C$, and the desorption pressure was varied as 0.1~1.0 bar. Carbon dioxide desorbed better at higher temperature, and lower pressure. 5A could be regenerated more than three times by thermal desorption at $180^{\circ}C$. It is required to modify zeolites for higher adsorption and better regeneration performances.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 1978

To get the goal of self-supply of food grain, improvement of post-harvest grain operations in rural area is under consideration as an important task of agriculture in Korea. This is study is focused on elimination of losses and deteriorations of grain and reduction of labour requirements and funds for post-harvest grain operations. The purpose of this study are presentation of basic data referring to conventional post-harvest grain operations in rural area and suggestion of improving methods for the operations, and also finding out reasonable operating processes of the operations. The result of this study are follows; 1. Grain drying in-the-filed which is performed before threshing has major factors of grain loss during drying, and so should be restrained as possible. Combine harvesting system is recommended among other king of mechanized harvesting systems for restraining in-the-field drying and securing available labors for drying. 2. It is predicted that mechanical grain drying could be prevalent when combine harvesting is taken place. Recommended grain drier for pre-combine harvesting system and for combine harvesting system is batch-type drier and circulating -type drier, respectively. 3. As existing farm storages for grain have insufficient spaces and offer poor conditions for grain storing , it is greatly needed to build up new storage which store only grains. And it is concluded that storing grain in community common storages in desirable. 4. Power supplying system for milling machinery in local milling plants, that a large capacity prime mover supplies power to 4 to 6 kinds of milling machinery simultaeously, should be converted to a system of several small capacity prime movers supplying power to each machiner y for the purpose of reducing extra consumption of energy. 5. Governmental grain, of which Korean farms produced, should be milled and stored in the local milling plant successively for the purpose of reducing transportation fee and stroing facilities. 6. Furture post-havest grain operations-drying, storing and milling should be periormed successively in he community common plant. And average optimum processing capacity of the plant is estimated about 300 metric ton of grain every year.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.9
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• pp.31-49
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• 2008

We have investigated and conserved three small Buddha statues dating from Joseon period that were purchased by the National Museum of Korea. Chemical analysis and investigation of internal structures were enabled us to identify its compositions and hollow spaces which have various materials just like fabrics, silver ornaments, beads and wood fragments. The fabrics date from the early years of the Joseon dynasty to the middle one. The compositions of matrix of the Buddha statues vary 80-90 wt% Ag and 7-15 wt% Cu. And its surface layers were gilt with amalgam. Mechanical and chemical cleaning with EDTA-2Na were applied together during the cleaning process.