• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.231-235
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the types and characteristics of temporary small-sized housing units for single-person households. A document research method and case studies were used to analyze and classified the spatial characteristics and types of the temporary dwelling spaces since 2000. Findings of this study were as follows: temporary and simplified dwelling spaces were developed by the concept of impermanence for single-person households in modern society. In order to conform the concept of temporary dwelling for small-sized housing units of single-person households, the characteristics were divided into three aspects. 'Transporting' by wheel and rotation and vehicles, 'Transforming' by adapting, assembling disassembling, and folding unfolding, and 'Wearing Carrying' by inflatable and tented types. It attempted to resolve the concept of temporarity through the experiment so that they might apply to the space of contemporary city.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.4 s.76
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• pp.101-112
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to provide the design guidelines for the activity spaces in the skilled nursing facilities for the elderly through the investigation of the spatial characteristics and using behavior The researcher interviewed the staff regarding programs in 15 facilities, investigated and observed the use of the spaces from 15th of December, 2004 to 19th of February, 2005. The programs in facilities were categorized into human knowledge, arts, music, exercise, recreation, cooking gardening, religious and social activities, and those were peformed once to 4 times a day. They were conducted in the elderly individual rooms, lounges, program rooms, dining room, or(and) auditorium. The results of the study were as follows: First, investigating the activity spaces, the lounges and elderly individual rooms were mostly on the same floor so that the elderly had no big trouble in access to the lounge. The program rooms of the facilities in suburban and rural area were on the same floor as the elderly individual rooms and they were likely to combine with another usage, compared to those On city were mostly separated from the residence floor. Most of dining rooms and auditorium were on the basement or on the 1st floor. Second, in the programs by the activity spaces, elderly individual room and the program room were used more for the human knowledge and art programs with small group. The lounges were for recreation and social activities with (both of) small or(and) big group and dining rooms were mainly used for cooking programs. In auditorium, recreation, religious and social activity were performed with big group. Third, the individual rooms for the elderly had more capacity if those did not have any beds, but often had a trouble in making a passage way. The lounges needed to remove decorations and displayed furniture obstructing the passages and to arrange both of the western and eastern type of tables for the efficient use of the spaces. It took a long time in preparation of the furniture and other equipment if the program room was with another usage.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.318-327
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• 2013

Elderly welfare housing refers to a residential facility with diverse medical and welfare services for cohabitation of elderly. Especially, community shared spaces in the elderly welfare housing plays an important role as a place for community and leisure activities that enhance vitality of elderly life. The purpose of this study was to investigate types, planning characteristics and actual utilization of community shared spaces in for-profit elderly welfare housing. Eight for-profit elderly welfare housing facilities in Seoul and Gyeonggi province were selected for this study and categorized into small-, medium- and large-scale facilities based on the number of housing units. Community shared spaces in the elderly welfare housing were classified into six space types: social space, education space, exercise space, medical space, convenience space and leisure space. Findings are as follows. Small-scale elderly welfare housing facilities with less than 100 housing units had fitness centers, clinics, restaurants, convenience stores and hobby rooms which were required by law. All community shared spaces were planned on a single level. Fitness centers was found the most frequently used while the other spaces were not used very frequently. Medium-scale facilities with 100 to 299 housing units had multi-purpose halls, libraries, swimming pools, indoor and/or outdoor driving ranges, physical therapy centers, saunas, karaokes and so on. Most community shared spaces were found frequently used. Large-scale facilities with 300 or more housing units had religion rooms, community halls, hair salons, pharmacies, etc. In most facilities, community shared spaces were planned in distributed locations.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.47-57
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• 2014

The purpose of the study was to find out the preference of small house as the social relations of university students. The data for the analysis were collected through questionnaire survey method from September 24 to October 12, 2012, and the sample consisted of 283 students of the university in Seoul. The social relationship has been surveyed using modified life-style indicators. The community spaces and equipment in the small house has been divided into 21 community spaces and 3 equipments. The characteristics of small house preference were consisted of the residential comments, residence time, resident partner, house size, considered factors of the residence and small house ownership. The finding of this study were as following: 1) The social relationship of respondents were typed as the type of relationship oriented (oriented family, oriented friends and neighbors) and type of non-relationship oriented. The social relationship of respondents were the type of relationship oriented. 2) The respondents are willing to live in small houses, to live with 1-2 people and after work. When living in small house, they consider public transport accessibility and ease of use amenities. But neighbor relationship is not considered. 3) They are preferred security office, administrative office, home storage, parks and green space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.33-40
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual condition of the plan of high schools in the rural area. Recently, many high schools are remodeling the buildings and facilities based on the departmentalized classroom system. This study, through analyzing on 2 remodeling cases of small high schools in the rural area of gyeongnam. This article discuses about the basic characteristics of the plan composition and the education programs of 2 small high schools. This study is showing the variation before and after remodeling and space organization types. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1) Most of them take horizontal zoning system in the department classrooms. 2) Number and area of teachers' laboratory ware increased in most of floors. 3) Sample schools took much more spaces of homebase than before. 4) Consideration is given to the main subject spaces before the other subject spaces.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.130-131
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• 2005

A study developing the dry powder fire extinguishing system inside the simulated machinery spaces of small ship was performed. Fire tests were conducted inside the compartments having volums 8$m^3$, 2.9$m^3$ and 4.5$m^3$ respectively. The openings and fans were established on the walls of the compartments. Diesel oil was used for the test fuel. In addition fire extinguishing nozzles using dry powder were installed downward at ceiling and horizontally at the wall or conner. All fires in the test were extinguished under system activation and there was no reignition.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.28
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• pp.265-265
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• 2001

The perceptual presentation of interior design is to represent an interior space planned by a designer as if people see it in reality. The perceptual presentation methods that have developed are perspectives, full-scale models, small-scale models, photography of models, video taping of models, computer images, computer animation, and virtual reality. The purpose of this study is to investigate limits of those perceptual presentation methods according to their characteristics. The methods have characteristics that are either static or dynamic and either monoscopic or stereoscopic. In terms of representing interior spaces and perceiving interior spaces, the dynamic characteristic is more helpful than the static characteristic because the dynamic characteristic provides consecutively changing views of interior spaces when people walk around within the spaces. The stereoscopic characteristic is more helpful than the monoscopic characteristic because the stereoscopic characteristic provides the binocular depth perception. Full-scale models, small-scale models, virtual reality that have dynamic and stereoscopic characteristics, are most effective. The next effective methods are video taping of models and computer animation that have dynamic and monoscopic characteristics. The last effective methods are perspectives and photography of models that have static and monoscopic characteristics. But the most effective methods can not be said that those are perfect because each of them still has limits. Designers have to consider the limits of each perceptual presentation method to find a way that shows their designs most effectively. To develop the perceptual presentation methods of interior design, researchers should focus on the helpful characteristics that are dynamic and stereoscopic.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2010

Recently, the necessity of open spaces is increased greatly in the city. But in many reasons, open spaces are diminishing gradually in the existing cities. It is more difficult to keep that space because of expensive land price, and the interests between the neighbors. To solve this problem, the local governments tries to change the street system more convenient to the pedestrian by adapting no vechile street system during some specific time. In this point of view, the street which include fence of school, house, and apartment can be the open space. Especially, removal of the school fence can be a useful solution providing open spaces to small cities suffering from lack of open spaces. In this researching background, several schools in Wonju were selected in this research, some has already been opened, and others yet. Opinions of students, presidents of these schools, and citizens are surveyed about removal of fence. In the basis of this result, we deduce problems followed by removing the fence, and reflect it in the plan of opening the fence to present the guidance to cross over the functional limitation of the fence and use it as a open space.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.29
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• pp.265-272
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• 2001

The perceptual presentation of interior design is to represent an interior space planned by a designer as if people see it in reality. The perceptual presentation methods that have developed are perspectives, full-scathe models, small-scale models, photography of models, video taping of models, computer images, computer animation, and virtual reality. The purpose of this study is to investigate limits of those perceptual presentation methods according to their characteristics. The methods have characteristics that are either static or dynamic and either monoscopic or stereoscopic. In terms of representing interior spaces and perceiving interior spaces, the dynamic characteristic is more helpful than the static characteristic because the dynamic characteristic provides consecutively changing views of interior spaces when people walk around within the spaces. The stereoscopic characteristic is more helpful than the monoscopic characteristic because the stereoscopic characteristic provides the binocular depth perception. Full-scale models, small-scale models, virtual reality that have dynamic and stereoscopic characteristics, are most effective. The next effective methods are video taping of models and computer animation that have dynamic and monoscopic characteristics. The last effective methods are perspectives and photography each of models that haute static and monoscopic characteristics. But the most effective methods can nut be said that those are perfect because each of them still has limits. Designers have to consider the limits of each perceptual presentation method to find a way that shows their designs most effectively. To develop the perceptual presentation methods of interior design, researchers should focus on the helpful characteristics that are dynamic and stereoscopic.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2014

Dwelling connotes characteristics like social and cultural and technical climatic conditions, lifestyles and demands of regions, and especially, apartment, as one of dwelling types, shows various aspects of modern society. With the economic development centering on large cities, apartments have been established as universal housing forms in Seoul and Shanghai. The deepening of economic development in cities has increased small households consisting of one or two persons by affecting the population and household structure, and they've become information consumer groups. This has also influenced the size of apartment and increased the demand for small-sized housing. If the floor area is small, it is possible to use space widely according to the plan composition, so there is a need for floor planning to understand natural environment, physical environment and residents.This study compared and analyzed plan compositions of small-sized apartments which have been parceled out for the recent three years in Seoul and Shanghai. This study aims to understand housing cultures and users in the two countries depending on natural environments, living habits and spatial functions by analyzing common points and differences of public spaces like living room, dining room and kitchen, and private spaces like bedroom which have absolute effects on room arrangement and traffic line. The study results are as follows. From the perspective of natural environments, in Seoul, two-sided open cross-ventilation structure where is favorable to lighting and ventilation, occupied the biggest proportion of public space, while in Shanghai, most public spaces had lighting and ventilation structures through windows in each room. In Seoul, 3R type occupied the largest proportion of private space(87.7%), and privacy was maintained and space scale was adjusted using spaces with diverse functions such as bathroom in the couple bedroom, dress room and powder room and variable walls. But 2R type occupied the largest proportion of private space(60.2%) in Shanghai, and they emphasized private space and privacy of each room depending on major living habits. In conclusion, this study for comparing and analyzing common points and differences of small-sized apartment plan compositions in Seoul and Shanghai will provide proper guidelines for small-sized apartments to be built in Seoul and Shanghai in the future, if strong points and weak points of plan compositions in the two countries will be additionally analyzed and remedied.