• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.87-90
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• 1998

ABSTRACT- we have analyzed the effect of microstructure and interface conditions on the anisotropic exchange filelds of NiO/NiFe bilayers. The NiO films were deposited by R.F. magentron sputtering. By using different atgon pressure NiO Films, Grain Size And Surface Roughness Of NiO can be manipulated. The exchange field is enhanced in the small granined NiO And This Increment Is Based On The Formation Of Small Domains In NiO

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.82-92
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• 2024

This paper introduces the technological development trends in on-device SLMs (Small Language Models). Large Language Models (LLMs) based on the transformer model have gained global attention with the emergence of ChatGPT, providing detailed and sophisticated responses across various knowledge domains, thereby increasing their impact across society. While major global tech companies are continuously announcing new LLMs or enhancing their capabilities, the development of SLMs, which are lightweight versions of LLMs, is intensely progressing. SLMs have the advantage of being able to run as on-device AI on smartphones or edge devices with limited memory and computing resources, enabling their application in various fields from a commercialization perspective. This paper examines the technical features for developing SLMs, lightweight technologies, semiconductor technology development trends for on-device AI, and potential applications across various industries.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1473-1477
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• 2007

Four-and-a-half LIM-only protein 3 (FHL3) is a member of the LIM protein superfamily and can participate in mediating protein-protein interaction by binding one another through their LIM domains. In this study, the 5'- and 3'- cDNA ends were characterized by RACE (Rapid Amplification of the cDNA Ends) methodology in combination with in silico cloning based on the partial cDNA sequence obtained. Bioinformatics analysis showed FHL3 protein contained four LIM domains and four LIM zinc-binding domains. In silico mapping assigned this gene to the gene cluster MTF1-INPP5B-SF3A3-FHL3-CGI-94 on pig chromosome 6 where several QTL affecting intramuscular fat and eye muscle area had previously been identified. Transcription of the FHL3 gene was detected in spleen, liver, kidney, small intestine, skeletal muscle, fat and stomach, with the greatest expression in skeletal muscle. The A/G polymorphism in exon II was significantly associated with birth weight, average daily gain before weaning, drip loss rate, water holding capacity and intramuscular fat in a Landrace-derived pig population. Together, the present study provided the useful information for further studies to determine the roles of FHL3 gene in the regulation of skeletal muscle cell growth and differentiation in pigs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.2019-2029
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• 2016

Zinc finger proteins are among the most extensively applied metalloproteins in the field of biotechnology owing to their unique structural and functional aspects as transcriptional and translational regulators. The classical zinc fingers are the largest family of zinc proteins and they provide critical roles in physiological systems from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Two cysteine and two histidine residues ($Cys_2His_2$) coordinate to the zinc ion for the structural functions to generate a ${\beta}{\beta}{\alpha}$ fold, and this secondary structure supports specific interactions with their binding partners, including DNA, RNA, lipids, proteins, and small molecules. In this account, the structural similarity and differences of well-known $Cys_2His_2$-type zinc fingers such as zinc interaction factor 268 (ZIF268), transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA), GAGA, and Ros will be explained. These proteins perform their specific roles in species from archaea to eukaryotes and they show significant structural similarity; however, their aligned amino acids present low sequence homology. These zinc finger proteins have different numbers of domains for their structural roles to maintain biological progress through transcriptional regulations from exogenous stresses. The superimposed structures of these finger domains provide interesting details when these fingers are applied to specific gene binding and editing. The structural information in this study will aid in the selection of unique types of zinc finger applications in vivo and in vitro approaches, because biophysical backgrounds including complex structures and binding affinities aid in the protein design area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.236-236
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• 2002

Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase (PDP) is a mitochondrial protein serine/threonine phosphatase that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase componant of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). PDP consists of a Mg$\^$+2/ -dependent and Ca$\^$+2)-stimulated catalytic subunit (PDPc) of Mr 52,600 and a FAD-containing regulatory subunit (PDPr) of Mr 95.600. Catalytic subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase (PDPc) has been suggested to have three major functional domains such as dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase(E$_2$)-binding domain, regulatory subunit of PDP(PDPr)-binding domain, and calcium-binding domain. In order to identify functional domains, recombinant catalytic subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase (rPDPc) was expressed in E. coli JM101 and purified to near homogeneity using the unique property of PDPc: PDPm binds to the inner lipoyl domain (L$_2$) of E$_2$ of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) in the presence of Ca$\^$+2/, not under EGTA. PDPc was limited-proteolysed by trypsin, chymotrypsin, Arg-C, and elastase at pH7.0 and 30$^{\circ}C$ and N-terminal analysis of the fragment was done. Chymotrypsin, trypsin, and elastase made two major framents: N-terminal large fragment, approx. 50kD and C-terminal small fragment, approx. 0 kDa. Arg-C made three major fragments: N-terminal fragment, approx. 35 kD, and central fragment, approx. 15 kD, and C-terminal fragment, approx. 10 kD. This study strongly suggest that PDPc consists of three major functional domains. However, further study should be necessary to identify the functional role.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.297-314
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• 2009

A design method is proposed to optimize the stacking sequence of laminated composite plates for desired vibration characteristics. The objective functions are the natural frequencies of the laminated plates, and three types of optimization problems are studied where the fundamental frequency and the difference of two adjacent frequencies are maximized, and the difference between the target and actual frequencies is minimized. The design variables are a set of discrete values of fiber orientation angles with prescribed increment in the layers of the plates. The four lamination parameters are used to describe the bending property of a symmetrically laminated plate, and are optimized by a gradient method in the first stage. A new technique is introduced in the second stage to convert from the optimum four lamination parameters into the stacking sequence that is composed of the optimum fiber orientation angles of all the layers. Plates are divided into sub-domains composed of the small number of layers and designed sequentially from outer domains. For each domain, the optimum angles are determined by minimizing the errors between the optimum lamination parameters obtained in the first step and the parameters for all possible discrete stacking sequence designs. It is shown in numerical examples that this design method can provide with accurate optimum solutions for the stacking sequence of vibrating composite plates with various boundary conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.135-148
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• 1999

There has been some research in Korea on test collections for evaluation of information retrieval (IR) systems. The test collections constructed as an outcome from the research have provided a starting point and opportunities to test Korean IR systems in an objective manner. However, they are well short of the standard practice in the broader IR community in that they are small in their size and usually unbalanced in terms of the characteristics of the documents and the queries (such as the subject domains). In this article, we describe our research effort to alleviate this problem and the resulting test collection, called HANTEC (Hangul TEst Collection). HANTEC is balanced in terms of the subject domains, document lengths, and user types, and currently consists of 120,000 documents divided into three groups: general area, social science area and scienceltechnology area. The 30 queries in the collection are grouped into the same three areas in one dimension and into three distinct user groups in the other dimension.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.553-559
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• 2007

Nanocomposite films were prepared by sol-gel synthesis from vanadium triisopropoxide with $poly((oxyethylene)_9$ methacrylate)-graft-poly(dimethyl siloxane), POEM-g-PDMS, producing in situ growth of vanadium oxide within the continuous ion-conducting POEM domains of micro phase-separated graft copolymer. The formation of vanadium oxide was confirmed by wide angle x-ray scattering (WAXS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) revealed the spatially-selective incorporation of vanadium oxide in the POEM domains. Upon the incorporation of vanadium oxide, the domain periodicity of the graft copolymer monotonously increased from 17.2 to 21.0 nm at a vanadium content 14 v%, above which it remained almost invariant. The selective interaction of vanadium oxide with POEM was further verified by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FT-IR spectroscopy. The nanocomposite films exhibited excellent mechanical properties $(l0^{-5}-10^{-7}dyne/cm^2)$, mostly due to the confinement of vanadium oxide in the POEM chains as well as the interfaces created by the microphase separation of the graft copolymer.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.644-658
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cognitive effects of chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. Methods: Using several databases, prospective studies were collected up to August 2011. Of 2,106 publications identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria, and 8 studies were used to estimate the effect size of chemotherapy on cognitive impairment. Results: Twelve studies were done since 2005 and most of the research was performed in Europe or North America. Eight studies were used to generate effect size across the cognitive domains of attention/concentration, verbal and visual memory, executive function, visuospatial skill, language, and subjective cognitive function. Each of the cognitive domains showed small effect sizes (-0.02 ~ -0.26), indicating diminished cognitive function for the chemotherapy group compared with non-chemotherapy groups. Conclusion: Finding suggests that breast cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy may experience mild cognitive decline. Further study is needed to generate knowledge and guideline for interventions to address chemotherapy related cognitive impairment in these patients.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.445-453
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• 2002

Purpose: This study has been designed to evaluate occupational health services on workers with hypertension Method: Study participants were 108 workers having a diagnosed hypertension. The instrument used for this study was the questionnaire developed by Cho(1998). Analysis of the data was done with SPSS Win 10.0 for descriptive statistics, Correlation coefficient. Results: 1. The mean score of process domain was $3.77\pm.43$ The score of process domains were usefulness of health management$(3.98\pm.49)$, education or counselling$(3.87\pm.53)$, follow up in medical examination$(3.79\pm.58)$, usefulness of providing materials$(3.53\pm.62)$, perception of medical examination $(3.37\pm.80)$ 2. The mean score of outcome domain was $3.47 \pm.44$ The score of outcome domains were obstructiveness of social life$(3.90\pm.78)$, habits of living $(3.41\pm.76)$, blood pressure change $(3.25\pm.81)$, perception of seriousness$(3.02\pm.88)$. 3. Blood pressure change was significant correlated with education or counselling(r=.31) and usefulness of providing materials(r=.28).