• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.503-506
• /
• 2005

The PWR Nuclear Fuel assembly consists of more than 250 fuel rods that are supported by leaf springs in the cells of more than 10 Spacer Grids (SG) along the rod length. Since it is not easy to conduct mechanical tests on a full-scale model basis, the small-scaled rod bundle (5$\times$5) is generally used for various performance tests during the development stage. As one of the small-scaled tests, a flow test should be carried out in order to verify the performance of the spacer grid like the coolant mixing performance and to obtain the Flow-Induced Vibration (FIV) characteristics of the rod bundle over the specified flow range. A vibration test should be also performed to obtain the modal parameters of the bundle prior to the flow test. In this study, we want to develop the estimation procedure of the damping ratio for the small scaled test bundle. For the damping factor of the rod bundle and the grid case at the first vibration mode, as one of the vibration tests, a so-called pluck testing has been performed in air as a preliminary test prior to in-flow damping measurement test. Logarithmic decrement method is used for calculation of the damping ratio. Estimated damping ratio of the rod bundle is about 0.7% with reasonable error of 2% for the previous results. Nonlinear behavior of the rod bundle might be stem mainly Iron the rod-grid support configuration.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2009년도 춘계 학술대회 제21권1호
• /
• pp.455-456
• /
• 2009

최근 국내에서 내진성능평가를 위한 실험 시 구조물의 크기, 실험장비의 성능 등 여러 가지 제약 여건을 극복하고자 축소모형을 통하여 유사동적실험과 진동대실험을 수행하고 있지만 상사법칙에 관한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 이에 대해 경제성과 신뢰성을 갖는 적절한 상사법칙을 제안하고자 한다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.71-81
• /
• 2024

This study analyzes the pull-out behavior of tunnel-type anchorage under various joint conditions, including joint direction, spacing, and position, using a finite element analysis. The validity of the numerical model was evaluated by comparing the results with a small-scaled model test, and the results of the numerical analysis and the small-scaled model test agree very well. The parametric study evaluated the quantitative effects of each influencing factor, such as joint direction, spacing, and position, on the behavior of tunnel-type anchorage using pull-out resistance-displacement curves. The study found that joint direction had a significant effect on the behavior of tunnel-type anchorage, and the pull-out resistance decreased as the displacement level increased from 0.002L to 0.006L (L: anchorage length). It was confirmed that the reduction in pull-out resistance increased as the number of joints in contact with the anchorage body increased and the spacing between the joints decreased. The pull-out behavior of tunnel-type anchorage was thus shown to be significantly influenced by the position and spacing of the rock joints. In addition, it is found that the number of joints through which the anchorage passes, the wider the area where the plastic point occurs, which leads to a decrease in the resistance of the anchorage.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2016

PURPOSES : The applicability of the mechanics-based similarity concept (suggested by Feng et al.) for determining scaled variables, including length and load, via laboratory-scale tests and discrete element analysis, was evaluated. METHODS: Several studies on the similarity concept were reviewed. The exact scaling approach, a similarity concept described by Feng, was applied in order to determine an analytical solution of a free-falling ball. This solution can be considered one of the simplest conditions for discrete element analysis. RESULTS : The results revealed that 1) the exact scaling approach can be used to determine the scale of variables in laboratory tests and numerical analysis, 2) applying only a scale factor, via the exact scaling approach, is inadequate for the error-free replacement of small particles by large ones during discrete element analysis, 3) the level of continuity of flowable materials such as SCC and cement mortar seems to be an important criterion for evaluating the applicability of the similarity concept, and 4) additional conditions, such as the kinetics of particle, contact model, and geometry, must be taken into consideration to achieve the maximum radius of replacement particles during discrete element analysis. CONCLUSIONS : The concept of similarity is a convenient tool to evaluate the correspondence of scaled laboratory test or numerical analysis to physical condition. However, to achieve excellent correspondence, additional factors, such as the kinetics of particles, contact model, and geometry, must be taken into consideration.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.483-496
• /
• 2013

본 논문에서는 연약지반에 건설되는 Shield TBM 터널의 시공기술을 제시하였다. 이 연구를 수행하기 위하여 Shield TBM 장비를 축소 제작하여 축소모형 시험을 수행하였으며, 쉴드터널 굴착을 모사하기 위하여 다양한 장비들이 적용되었다. 또한 축소모형시험 중 Shield TBM 장비로 인해 발생되는 지반의 거동을 계측하였으며, 지반의 안정성은 시뮬레이션 결과를 토대로 평가하였다. 이를 바탕으로 쉴드터널의 안전한 시공을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다. 결론적으로 Shield-TBM 구간에 대한 실내축소모형시험을 통하여 설계의 신뢰성을 확보하고, 시공 시 안전을 위한 개선사항 등과 특히, Shield TBM 추진시 쉴드터널이 통과하는 공항 활주로의 안정성을 확보하기 위한 시공방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.300-311
• /
• 2008

삼병렬 터널은 3개의 터널이 서로 나란히 배열되는 형태의 터널이다. 본 연구에서는 터널간 이격거리, 터널단면 형상, 지보조건, 지반조건 등이 서로 다른 7가지 삼병렬 터널 모형들에 대한 축소모형실험을 통하여 모형별 균열개시압력과 터널 주변지반의 변형거동을 조사하였다. 터널간 이격거리가 작은 모형일수록 낮은 압력 수준에서 필러의 파괴가 일어나고 터널의 내공변형량도 증가하여 터널의 안정성은 감소하였다. 터널단면의 형상이 아치형, 편평아치형, 사각형인 모형들 중에서 사각형 단면을 가진 터널의 안정성이 가장 작았으며, 천반곡률반경이 작은 아치형 터널이 편평아치형 터널보다 안정성이 우수하였다. 터널의 천장부에 모형 록볼트를 설치한 모형은 무지보 터널 모형에 비하여 균열개시압력이 클 뿐만 아니라 천단침하량도 적게 나타나 지보의 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 이방성 암반내 터널 모형은 등방성 모형과 매우 다른 변형거동을 나타내었으며, FLAC을 사용한 수치해석 결과는 모형실험의 결과와 정성적으로 부합하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.129-139
• /
• 2004

내원형지하매설관의 경우 관의 하단부의 다짐이 매우 어렵고, 또한 다짐효율이 떨어져서 지하매설물의 안정을 저감시키고, 이로 인해 각종 파손이 발생하는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 하나의 대안으로 저강도 콘크리트 개념을 지반공학에 적용하여 만들어진 유동성 채움재를 이용하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 같은 조건에서 뒤채움재(일반모래, 방식사 CLSM, 현장발생토사 CLSM)의 종류를 변화시킨 3가지 사례에 대한 실내모형실험과 PENTAGON-3D 유한요소 프로그램을 이용하여 수치해석을 실시하였다. 실내모형실험과 수치해석을 실시한 결과 뒤채움재로 유동성 채움재를 사용하는 경우에 일반모래를 사용한 경우보다 관의 수직ㆍ수평변위 및 지표면변위를 감소시키는 것으로 평가되었다. 이는 유동성 채움재의 특징 중 초기 유동성과 자기강도발현특성에 의해 양생이 진행됨에 따라 파형강관 주변의 유동성 채움계가 굳어 강성화되고, 이것이 파형강관과의 일체화를 통한, 파형강관의 단면강도를 증진시켜준 효과로 해석할 수 있다. 그리고 뒤채움재의 종류에 따른 파형강관의 토압특성은 뒤채움재로 일반 모래를 대체하여 유동성 채움재를 사용한 경우에 관에 작용하는 수직ㆍ수평토압이 거의 0에 가까운 값으로 현저히 작아짐을 알 수 있었다. 이는 실내모형실험과 수치해석결과로부터 뒤채움재로 유동성 채움재를 사용하는 것이 지하매설관에 발생하는 각종 파손을 감소시키고, 안정성을 높이는 최선의 대안으로 판단된다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.310-315
• /
• 2008

Authors design a rotary-type small-scaled linear induction motor(LIM) and a performance test machine before manufacturing a real-scaled LIM for a railway transit. The designed LIM is a single-sided, short primary type and its primary has 4 poles. The rated power is 10(kW). In order to analyze characteristics of the LIM, authors use a mixed 2D-3D FEM analysis. 3-D FEM analysis is used for calculating a distribution of eddy-current on the semi-caped AL-sheet of the secondary reaction. Authors calculate a correction factor of conductivity and an equivalent conductivity on the secondary AL-sheet using a normalized eddy-current. The equivalent conductivity which is calculated in this way includes a transverse edge-effect of the LIM. Authors apply the equivalent conductivity on the secondary AL-sheet of 2D-FEM model and get performance characteristics of the LIM. Basic characteristics such as thrust and normal force, input current, efficiency and power factor of the LIM have been analyzed with the variation of frequency and speed. In order to apply an air-gap control system, the variation of the basic characteristics have been analyzed with the air-gap length variation of the LIM. Finally, authors introduce an operation mode using the air-gap control system and conduct a research on feasibility of the system.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.353-364
• /
• 2011

This paper presents the ground behaviour of shield TBM lunching area during excavation. In order to perform this study, a scaled model test was carried out in the 1/45 scale for a field tunnel in practice where the tunnel had about 7.8 m diameter at Seoul Metro Line 9 construction site. The test to simulate earth pressure balance (EPB) shield TBM tunnelling at the lunching area was conducted with the developed small scaled shield TBM machine. Measurements were performed during simulation of excavation for total jacking thrust force, ground displacements and pressures. Based on the analysis of simulation results, the stability of ground was verified and evaluated. In particular, the suitable reinforcement range and methods are also suggested. In addition, these results are useful for engineers and technicians to select suitable and serviceable machine operation parameters and reduce environmental influence at all stages of tunnel construction.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지진공학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.545-552
• /
• 2006

Small-scale models have been frequently used for seismic performance tests because of limited testing facilities and economic reasons. However, there are not also enough studies on similitude law for analogizing prototype structures accurately with small-scale models, although conventional similitude law based on geometry similitude is not well consistent in their inelastic seismic behaviors. When fabricating prototype and small-scale model of reinforced concrete structures by using the same material, added mass is demanded from a volumetric change and scale factor could be limited due to aggregate size. Therefore, it is desirable to use different materials for small-scale model. In our recent study, a modified similitude law was derived depending on geometric scale factor, equivalent modulus ratio and ultimate strain ratio. And quasi-static and pseudo-dynamic tests on the specimens are carried out using constant and variable modulus ratios, and correlation between prototype and small-scale model is investigated based on their test results. In this study, tests on scaled model of different concrete compressive strength aye carried out. In shaking table tests, added mass can not be varied. Thus, constant added mass on expected maximum displacement was applied and the validity was verified in shaking table tests. And shaking table tests on non-artificial mass model is carried out to settle a limitation of acceleration and the validity was verified in shanking table tests.